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Ronald A Schachar,1 Majid Mani,2 Ira H Schachar31Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 2California Retina Associates, El Centro, 3Byers Eye Institute of Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USAPurpose: To evaluate anterior chamber depth, central crystalline lens thickness and lens curvature during accommodation.Setting: California Retina Associates, El Centro, CA, USA.Design: Healthy volunteer, prospective, clinical research swept-source optical coherence biometric image registration study of accommodation.Methods: Ten subjects (4 females and 6 males) with an average age of 22.5 years (range: 20–26 years) participated in the study. A 45° beam splitter attached to a Zeiss IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Jena, Germany) biometer enabled simultaneous imaging of the cornea, anterior chamber, entire central crystalline lens and fovea in the dilated right eyes of subjects before, and during focus on a target 11 cm from the cornea. Images with superimposable foveal images, obtained before and during accommodation, that met all of the predetermined alignment criteria were selected for comparison. This registration requirement assured that changes in anterior chamber depth and central lens thickness could be accurately and reliably measured. The lens radii of curvatures were measured with a pixel stick circle.Results: Images from only 3 of 10 subjects met the predetermined criteria for registration. Mean anterior chamber depth decreased, −67 µm (range: −0.40 to −110 µm), and mean central lens thickness increased, 117 µm (range: 100–130 µm). The lens surfaces steepened, anterior greater than posterior, while the lens, itself, did not move or shift its position as appeared from the lack of movement of the lens nucleus, during 7.8 diopters of accommodation, (range: 6.6–9.7 diopters).Conclusion: Image registration, with stable invariant references for image correspondence, reveals that during accommodation a large increase in lens surface curvatures is associated with only a small increase in central lens thickness and no change in lens position.Keywords: swept-source biometry, accommodation, anterior chamber depth, crystalline lens thickness, image registration, lens curvature

Fifty cases of cancrum oris seen during the past nine years are presented. Exan-thematous fevers—measles, chicken-pox and small-pox occur as the predisposing illness in 48%, of this series.

1. The history of steroids in the treatment of keloid is reviewed.

1. 750 cleft lip and palate cases have been analysed.

ABSTRACT Demand for medical implants is rising day by day as the world becomes the place for more diseased and older people. Accordingly, in this research, metallocene polyethylene (mPE), a commonly used polymer was treated with UV rays for improving its biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed the formation of crests and troughs, which depicts the improvement of surface roughness of mPE substrates caused by UV etching. Accordingly, the contact angle measurements revealed that the wettability of mPE-2.5 J/cm2 (68.09º) and mPE-5 J/cm2 (57.93º) samples were found to be increased compared to untreated mPE (86.84º) indicating better hydrophilicity. Further, the UV treated surface exhibited enhanced blood compatibility as determined in APTT (untreated mPE- 55.3 ± 2.5 s, mPE-2.5 J/cm2 - 76.7 ± 4.1 s and mPE-5 J/cm2 - 112.3 ± 2 s) and PT (untreated mPE - 24.7 ± 1.5 s, mPE- 2.5 J/cm2 - 34.3 ± 1.1 s and mPE-5 J/cm2 - 43 ± 2 s) assay. Moreover, the treated mPE-2.5 J/cm2 (4.88%) and mPE-5 J/cm2 (1.79%) showed decreased hemolytic percentage compared to untreated mPE (15.40%) indicating better safety to red blood cells. Interestingly, the changes in physicochemical properties of mPE are directly proportional to the dosage of the UV rays. UV modified mPE surfaces were found to be more compatible as identified through MTT assay, photomicrograph and SEM images of the seeded 3T3 cell population. Hence UV-modified surface of mPE may be successfully exploited for medical implants.

Mohan Prasath Mani,1,2 Hemanth Ponnambalath Mohanadas,3 Ahmad Athif Mohd Faudzi,4,5 Ahmad Fauzi Ismail,6 Nick Tucker,7 Shahrol Mohamaddan,8 Manikandan Ayyar,9 Tamilselvam Palanisamy,1 Rajasekar Rathanasamy,10 Saravana Kumar Jaganathan11– 13 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, TN, India; 2School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, JB, Malaysia; 3Device Development Group, New Product Research and Development, Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA; 4School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Skudai, JB, Malaysia; 5Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, SG, Malaysia; 6Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, JB, Malaysia; 7School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LS, UK; 8Innovative Global ProgramCollege of Engineering Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 9Department of Chemistry, Centre for Materials Chemistry, Karapagam Acdemy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, TN, India; 10Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perunduari, TN, India; 11Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; 12School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; 13Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LS, UKCorrespondence: Saravana Kumar Jaganathan, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam, Email jaganathansaravanakumar@dtu.edu.vn; sjaganathan@lincoln.ac.ukPurpose: Wound patches are essential for wound healing, yet developing patches with enhanced mechanical and biological properties remains challenging. This study aimed to enhance the mechanical and biological properties of polyurethane (PU) by incorporating magnesium chloride (MgCl2) into the patch.Methodology: The composite patch was fabricated using the electrospinning technique, producing nanofibers from a mixture of PU and MgCl2 solutions. The electrospun PU/MgCl2 was then evaluated for various physico-chemical characteristics and biological properties to determine its suitability for wound healing applications.Results: Tensile strength testing showed that the mechanical properties of the composite patch (10.98 ± 0.18) were significantly improved compared to pristine PU (6.66 ± 0.44). Field scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that the electrospun nanofiber patch had a smooth, randomly oriented non-woven structure (PU – 830 ± 145 nm and PU/MgCl2 – 508 ± 151 nm). Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed magnesium chloride’s presence in the polyurethane matrix via strong hydrogen bond formation. Blood compatibility studies using coagulation assays, including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and hemolysis assays, demonstrated improved blood compatibility of the composite patch (APTT – 174 ± 0.5 s, PT – 91 ± 0.8s, and Hemolytic percentage – 1.78%) compared to pristine PU (APTT – 152 ± 1.2s, PT – 73 ± 1.7s, and Hemolytic percentage – 2.55%). Antimicrobial testing showed an enhanced zone of inhibition (Staphylococcus aureus – 21.5 ± 0.5 mm and Escherichia coli – 27.5 ± 2.5 mm) compared to the control, while cell viability assays confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of the developed patches on fibroblast cells.Conclusion: The study concludes that adding MgCl2 to PU significantly improves the mechanical, biological, and biocompatibility properties of the patch. This composite patch shows potential for future wound healing applications, with further studies needed to validate its efficacy in-vivo.Keywords: wound dressings, polyurethane, MgCl2, biomaterial, nanofibers

Foreign trade has a substantial impact on economic welfare and various economic indicators, including growth and consumer welfare. The primary objective of this research is to examine and explicate the impact of foreign trade on economic welfare in Iran. For this aim, the research model was estimated in two forms using a distributed lag autoregressive approach from 1973 to 2022. In addition to exports and imports, the economic openness index was used to measure foreign trade, and a composite welfare index was employed to calculate economic welfare. The results of this study according to the two indexes of international trade, indicate that a positive impact of the international trade on the welfare, and the favorable effect of exports on welfare is considerably higher than the favorable influence of imports. The terms of trade as a percentage of GDP, oil and gas exports, and real GDP per capita have a positive effect on welfare, whereas inflation mitigates the welfare. According to the findings, while emphasizing the curbing of inflation and implementing strategies to improve the business environment, such as boosting non-oil exports, attracting foreign investment, removing non-tariff barriers, and stabilizing exchange rates, it is recommended that export policies should be given a higher priority compared to import ones to enhance economic welfare.Foreign trade has a substantial impact on economic welfare and various economic indicators, including growth and consumer welfare. The primary objective of this research is to examine and explicate the impact of foreign trade on economic welfare in Iran. For this aim, the research model was estimated in two forms using a distributed lag autoregressive approach from 1973 to 2022. In addition to exports and imports, the economic openness index was used to measure foreign trade, and a composite welfare index was employed to calculate economic welfare. The results of this study according to the two indexes of international trade, indicate that a positive impact of the international trade on the welfare, and the favorable effect of exports on welfare is considerably higher than the favorable influence of imports. The terms of trade as a percentage of GDP, oil and gas exports, and real GDP per capita have a positive effect on welfare, whereas inflation mitigates the welfare. According to the findings, while emphasizing the curbing of inflation and implementing strategies to improve the business environment, such as boosting non-oil exports, attracting foreign investment, removing non-tariff barriers, and stabilizing exchange rates, it is recommended that export policies should be given a higher priority compared to import ones to enhance economic welfare.

Background: The reduced use of herbicides such as glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), as an effective method for weed control in the field, is an important goal, which may be achieved by using sustainable strategies for crop production. In the arid and semi-arid areas due to the use of ground water for crop production, water hardness may affect glyphosate efficiency, which is of economic and environmental significance. Objectives and Methods: The objective was to investigate how water hardness (0 (W1), 200 (W2), 300 (W3) and 400 mg l-1 (W4)) affect the efficiency of glyphosate (0 (G1), 100 (G2), 150 (G3), 200 g ha-1 (G4)) (0, 75, 112.5, 150 g ha-1 acid equivalent) on weed growth (Convolvulus arvensis, Malva sylvestris and Cynodon dactylon) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) yield in the field using a factorial experiment on the basis of a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Results: The single and the interaction effects of water hardness and glyphosate significantly affected different weeds (158 g weed weight for W2G1, and 25.3 g for W1G4) and tomato plant measured parameters. Increasing water hardness decreased glyphosate efficiency in controlling weeds, but it enhanced plant height. Higher water hardness increased tomato leaf area, however, higher glyphosate rates decreased it. Treatments W1G2 (1617 g plot-1) and W1G4 (220.8 g plot-1) resulted in the highest and the least tomato yield, respectively. At the highest level of glyphosate, W2 resulted in the highest tomato yield, compared with the other treatments. The highest and the least plant dry weight was resulted by W4G2 (232.7 g) and W1G4 (196.8 g), respectively. Conclusion: The proper concentrations of water hardness and glyphosate may efficiently control weeds and results in optimum tomato yield in the arid and semi-arid areas.

The article discusses various civic issues and public policies in Chennai, India including urban challenges and enforcement practices. Topics include an immobile tea cart and its navigation around local laws, new dog ownership regulations after safety concerns and bond requirements for medical graduates in Indian states Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

Abstract Background Focal nodular hyperplasia is a common nonmalignant liver mass. This nonvascular lesion is an uncommon mass in children, especially those with no predisposing factors, namely radiation, chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell therapy. Exophytic growth of the lesion further than the liver margins is not common and can complicate the diagnosis of the lesion. This report observes a focal nodular hyperplasia as a pedunculated lesion in a healthy child. Case presentation We describe a 9-year-old healthy Persian child who was born following in vitro fertilization complaining of abdominal pain lasting for months and palpitation. Employing ultrasound and computed tomography, a mass was detected in the right upper quadrant compatible with focal nodular hyperplasia imaging features. The child underwent surgery and the mass was resected. Conclusion Diagnosing focal nodular hyperplasia, especially pedunculated form can be challenging, although magnetic resonance imaging with scintigraphy is nearly 100% sensitive and specific. Thus, a biopsy may be needed to rule out malignancies in some cases. Deterministic treatment in patients with suspicious mass, remarkable growth of lesion in serial examination, and persistent symptoms, such as pain, is resection, which can be done open or laparoscopic.

OPAC is an imperative device in the libraries to offer a moral support of the clients. Electronic Information access and recovery in numerous ways should be possible utilizing the OPAC administrations. The present study explores the Use of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) at Sadakathullah Appa College (SAC) Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu. This paper discusses various aspects of OPAC use such as frequency use, and satisfaction regarding use of OPAC etc., KEYWORDS: Electronic Information Access, OPAC, Online Public Access Catalogue, Internet Resources, Library Services, User Satisfaction., INTRODUCTION OPAC is an acronym for 'Online Public Access Catalogue'. It is an access tool and guide to the collection of resources in the library or libraries which provides bibliographic [...]

BackgroundNature has given us an enormous number of medicines for every disease that affects people. AimTo compare the antimicrobial efficacy of an herbal and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and MethodsThe antimicrobial effectiveness (zone of inhibition) of a herbal mouthrinse and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse were determined by agar well-diffusion method. ResultsAt 50% concentration, the experimental mouthrinse inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. ConclusionAgainst the three strains, chlorhexidine mouthrinse (0.2%) performs better in terms of antimicrobial effectiveness.

Background: The proportion of patients attending the first follow-up appointment as an outpatient after being discharged from the inpatient setting is an outcome indicator of the quality of inpatient services provided. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of psychiatric inpatients with mental disorders and substance use disorders attending follow-up appointments after discharge and to determine the factors associated with attending follow-up appointments in these patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review (observational study) was conducted among the inpatients of psychiatry ward. The list of patients admitted to the psychiatry ward was obtained from the admission register. The discharge summaries and outpatient records of these patients were reviewed to obtain the following data: sociodemographic details, clinical details, and follow-up visit details. The primary outcome variable was follow-up attendance in the outpatient department within 30 days of discharge. Results: Ninety-eight patient records were included in the present study. The mean age of the participants was 37.81 (11.03) years and one-third of them were female. The mean duration of hospital stay was 11.32 (8.2) days. Sixty-six (67.35%) patients attended at least one outpatient follow-up visit within 30 days after discharge from the hospital. Patients with mood disorders had 4.25 higher odds of 30-FU when compared to patients with substance use disorders. Conclusions: Two-thirds of psychiatric inpatients with mental disorders and substance use disorders attended follow-up appointments within 30 days after discharge. Diagnostic category was associated with attending the follow-up appointments in these patients.

An earthworm is a soil living organism and seems in soil. It helps to make the soil more nutritious and used as an organic fertilizer. So earthworms are called as best partner for the soil and the farmer. This research is concentrated on earthworm analysis. The records are collected from web of science database for the period of 2007-2016. Total number of publications collected for this study was 3939. Composting with worms is called as vermicomposting. It is a good way to dispose all organic wastes, such as vegetable and fruit peelings. By the vermicomposting, the wastes are converted into nutritious by earthworm. In every home, wastes are converted into this vermicomposting the home and the city are clean. And it maintains the country very clean and protects the surrounding clean. And it may use for the terrace garden and home garden plants. This compost is a green way for organic vegetables, fruits, flowers and soil. Most of the agricultural universities, give the awareness and training program of vermicomposting to the farmers. And now- a-days the farming based on vermicomposting has been developing. Keywords: Earthworm, web of science, Bibliometrics, zipf law, lotka's law., Bibliometrics: Bibliometrics is derived from Latin/Greek Word which means Biblio--'Books' // Metrics--'Measurement'. Bibliometrics is used to denote the application of mathematical and statistical methods to book. This is also called [...]

Betel leaf plays an important role in ancient civilization. Chewing betel leaves with areca nut was pointed out in the pre-historic books. In 13th century, Marco Polo mentioned about the betel chewing among kings and nobles in India. Betel and areca nut plays an important role in Indian Culture, especially among Hindus. On that basis of idea the keyword of 'Piper betle' or betel was collected from the Web of Science. This study is limited for the period 1997- 2016 with Bibexcel and Pajek tool. Scientists are so much interested to publish the research immediately in the journal article. English is the widely used communicable language. It is true in the betel research also. Added to that, this study focuses on publishing trend, authorship pattern, author's productivity, h-index, co-authorship map, citation map. Keywords: Piper betle, Betel leaves, Traditional Medicine, Home Remedy, Bibexcel, Bibliometric Analysis., Introduction: The betel plant has originated from South and South East Asia. Betel plant is an evergreen and perennial creeper, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkin. For its intestinal, [...]

An implicit, multizone, finite volume three-dimensional Euler and Navier--Stokes solver known as Boeing--computational-fluid-dynamics code has been developed for hybrid grids (structured, unstructured, or combinations). The code contains multispecies capabilities, different numerical algorithms, and turbulence models. It has been validated for subsonic through hypersonic flow regimes.

The rotation and curvature (RC) correction proposed by Spalart and Shur, as well as the RC correction proposed by Hellsten, have been implemented in the Wind code. Both models were applied to a subsonic flow in a U-turn duct and a high-speed ground/jet interaction. Both models performed well for the U-turn duct. The Spalart and Shur RC correction is more sophisticated and, therefore, more accurate, general, and computationally intensive than the RC correction proposed by Hellsten.

Two different hybrid turbulence models, Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes and large-eddy simulation, have been used for unsteady-flow prediction. The objective of this paper is to show that the unsteady forcing function has no impact on the final solution with sufficient flowfield grid resolutions. However, it has a profound effect on initiating the starting roll-up of unsteady high shear when the grid resolution is insufficient to capture it. The unsteady forcing function can be eliminated without any significant effect on the final solution. The objectives are validated with a transonic jet flow and the accuracy of the models is demonstrated by comparing the results of a supersonic impinging jet with experimental data.

Background Orthopedic procedures are one of the most common medical procedures in the Emergency Department (ED) and are also among the painful procedures performed on the conscious patient. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare different doses of Ketofol in procedural sedation and analgesia in patients referred to the EDs. Methods In this double-blinded clinical trial, 296 patients aged 18 years or over presented with need of orthopedic procedures in the three academic EDs in 2020 were studied. After completing the written consent, the patients were randomly assigned into four treatment groups. Demographic information, underlying diseases, patients' physical condition, type of orthopedic injuries requiring intervention, patients' vital signs were recorded in a checklist for each patient. Results In this study, the mean age, gender, level of education, addiction, patients' physical condition, type of procedures performed, apnea, hypoventilation, bradycardia, hypotension and agitation in all four treatment groups were not statistically different, but hallucination and hypoxia in group C (1: 3) were much less than other groups thus oxygen administration was more common in other groups. Conclusion By testing different doses of ketamine, we came to the conclusion that doses of 1 mg and 0.5 mg were associated with more side effects. Dose of 0.33 mg of ketamine, has fewer side effects while causing analgesia and sedation as in the above doses. Dose of 0.25 mg ketamine increases the likelihood of requiring subsequent doses. Therefore, it seems that 0.33 mg of ketamine is the best dose of choice.