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Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), also known as the harlequin ladybird, is an invasive non-native species intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of agricultural pests. In Greece, H. axyridis was first introduced as a biological control agent in 1994, with releases taking place between 1994 and 2000. For many years there was no evidence to indicate that H. axyridis had established self-sustaining populations. In 2008, a citizen science campaign was initiated aimed at raising awareness regarding the invasive status of H. axyridis to farmers and agronomists. The campaign did not yield results, and it was discontinued in 2011. During this study, the distribution, phenology, and presence of H. axyridis in different habitat types and protected areas in Greece are investigated, using both citizen science data and literature records. Records from iΝaturalist, the Alientoma database and social media examined herein demonstrate that H. axyridis has been established in Greece since 2010. Harmonia axyridis is currently present in 13 administrative districts of Greece, most of them at a considerable distance from the initial release sites. The harlequin ladybird is present in urban and agricultural habitats as well as seventeen NATURA 2000 sites. The adverse socioeconomic and environmental impacts of H. axyridis are briefly discussed alongside suggestions for management activities. Based on our findings, we propose the establishment of a national monitoring scheme for H. axyridis and native ladybirds that will also encourage public participation in recording ladybird observations and provide information on the distribution, spread and impact of this invasive non-native species.

Το μάθημα της Κοινωνικής και Πολιτικής Αγωγής στην Πρωτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση συμβάλλει στην καλλιέργεια ικανοτήτων διαχείρισης και αντιμετώπισης κοινωνικών και ηθικών προβλημάτων της ζωής και του κοινωνικού περιβάλλοντος των μαθητών. Η ανάπτυξη των συγκεκριμένων ικανοτήτων προϋποθέτει την καλλιέργεια οριζόντιων ικανοτήτων των μαθητών, όπως είναι η κριτική-εμπεριστατωμένη σκέψη, η δημιουργικότητα, η πρωτοβουλία, η συνεργασία, η ενσυναίσθηση και κυρίως ο κριτικός στοχασμός, με την έννοια της επαναξιολόγησης των δυσλειτουργικών απόψεων που μπορεί να εκφράζουν οι μαθητές για συγκεκριμένα ζητήματα στα οποία έχουν εμπειρία. Και αυτό γιατί οι μαθητές προκειμένου να μπορέσουν να διαχειριστούν και να αντιμετωπίσουν κοινωνικά και ηθικά προβλήματα της ζωής και του κοινωνικού τους περιβάλλοντος, συχνά χρειάζεται να προβούν σε ποιοτική αλλαγή του τρόπου σκέψης και συμπεριφοράς τους, γεγονός που θέτει τις βάσεις για τη σταδιακή ανάπτυξη ενός περισσότερο χειραφετητικού τρόπου σκέψης μέχρι να φτάσουν στο στάδιο της ενηλικίωσής τους. Στο παρόν άρθρο επιχειρείται να αναδειχθεί η σημασία αξιοποίησης σημαντικών έργων τέχνης στο γνωστικό αντικείμενο της Κοινωνικής και Πολιτικής Αγωγής στο Δημοτικό για την κριτική προσέγγιση κοινωνικών ζητημάτων που θίγονται στο ισχύον Αναλυτικό Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών. Αρχικά επισημαίνεται η σημασία καλλιέργειας οριζόντιων ικανοτήτων διά βίου μάθησης από την Πρωτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση με στόχο την αποφυγή καλλιέργειας ενός μονοδιάστατου τρόπου σκέψης των μαθητών. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί αυτό, είναι απαραίτητη όχι απλά η ανάπτυξη της κριτικής-εμπεριστατωμένης σκέψης των μαθητών, η οποία βασίζεται στους κανόνες της λογικής και στοιχεία της είναι η ερμηνεία, η τεκμηρίωση, η ανάλυση και η αξιολόγηση μιας κατάστασης, αλλά η καλλιέργεια πτυχών του κριτικού στοχασμού των μαθητών. Ο κριτικός στοχασμός περιλαμβάνει όλα τα στοιχεία της κριτικής-εμπεριστατωμένης σκέψης, αλλά και την επαναξιολόγηση των βαθιά εδραιωμένων πεποιθήσεων του ατόμου, τον έλεγχο της εγκυρότητας των επιχειρημάτων στα οποία εδράζονται οι πεποιθήσεις αυτές και τη διερεύνηση των συνεπειών τους, με απώτερο στόχο τον μετασχηματισμό των δυσλειτουργικών του απόψεων για κάποιο θέμα που μελετάται. Στη συνέχεια του άρθρου γίνεται αναφορά στην αξιοποίηση της τέχνης ως μέσο ενεργοποίησης του κριτικού στοχασμού των εκπαιδευομένων. Κατόπιν, αναδεικνύεται η θέση που κατέχει η τέχνη στο ισχύον Αναλυτικό Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών για την Κοινωνική και Πολιτική Αγωγή στο Δημοτικό. Ακολουθεί η παρουσίαση δύο ενδεικτικών διδακτικών παρεμβάσεων σε ένα συγκεκριμένο κεφάλαιο από την Κοινωνική και Πολιτική Αγωγή της Ε΄ Δημοτικού, όπου αξιοποιούνται έργα τέχνης με στόχο την ανάπτυξη πτυχών του κριτικού στοχασμού των μαθητών. Στο τέλος γίνεται συζήτηση και εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων. Σε όλο το άρθρο χρησιμοποιείται ένα γένος, χάριν οικονομίας του λόγου, χωρίς αυτό να παραπέμπει σε οποιαδήποτε διάκριση με βάση το φύλο.

Background: Parental refusal of routine childhood vaccination remains an ethically contested area. This systematic review sought to explore and characterise the normative arguments made about parental refusal of routine vaccination, with the aim of providing researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with a synthesis of current normative literature. Methods: Nine databases covering health and ethics research were searched, and 121 publications identified for the period Jan 1998 to Mar 2022. For articles, source journals were categorised according to Australian Standard Field of Research codes, and normative content was analysed using a framework analytical approach. Results: Most of the articles were published in biomedical journals (34%), bioethics journals (21%), and journals that carry both classifications (20%). Two central questions dominated the literature: 1) Whether vaccine refusal is justifiable (which we labelled ‘refusal arguments’); and 2) Whether strategies for dealing with those who reject vaccines are justifiable (‘response arguments’). Refusal arguments relied on principlism, religious frameworks, the rights and obligations of parents, the rights of children, the medico-legal best interests of the child standard, and the potential to cause harm to others. Response arguments were broadly divided into arguments about policy, arguments about how individual physicians should practice regarding vaccine rejectors, and both legal precedents and ethical arguments for vaccinating children against a parent’s will. Policy arguments considered the normative significance of coercion, non-medical or conscientious objections, and possible reciprocal social efforts to offset vaccine refusal. Individual physician practice arguments covered nudging and coercive practices, patient dismissal, and the ethical and professional obligations of physicians. Most of the legal precedents discussed were from the American setting, with some from the United Kingdom. Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive picture of the scope and substance of normative arguments about vaccine refusal and responses to vaccine refusal. It can serve as a platform for future research to extend the current normative literature, better understand the role of cultural context in normative judgements about vaccination, and more comprehensively translate the nuance of ethical arguments into practice and policy.

Introduction: Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) have demonstrated benefits for students' learning and development in medical education globally. The model emphasises importance with respect to continuity and time in the workplace for learners. There is a need to explore how LICs become a viable training model for learners. An amalgamative LIC model was drawn upon to inform the design of a placement for trainee pharmacists on a hospital ward. This study sought to determine the local viability of a longitudinal placement for trainee pharmacists, using communities of practice learning theory to interpret findings. Methods: A design-based research approach informed study design. A longitudinal placement was implemented on two hospital wards for 13 weeks. Trainees (n = 3) were interviewed four times over a 14-week period. Ward staff (n = 14) were interviewed at week 14. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Qualitative longitudinal analysis, using the trajectory approach, was conducted using abductive analysis. The coded data were organised into a framework and subthemes were created. Results: Trainees acquired membership within the multi-disciplinary ward team over time. This led to an enriched learning experience and the trainee's professional development improved as they attained more responsibilities. This enabled them to make a greater contribution to patient care; more medication consultations occurred, and discharge times improved. Discussion: The local viability of the longitudinal placement appears to be linked to the trainee's ability to acquire membership within the ward community of practice. Membership gave trainee's access to learning opportunities, supporting their development, and they earnt the trust of staff, leading to more responsibilities for providing patient care. Further research into developing longitudinal placements that support trainee healthcare professionals to acquire membership within communities of practice is warranted.

At center stage in Kazuo Ishiguro's work is the figure of the nonactor: a character type that confronts us time and again with scenarios in which action is devalued. This essay shows that, despite finding themselves in situations that mandate action, Ishiguro's characters opt instead for risk-averse and mechanical-like behaviors that are antonymous to change. This, however, is not a solely aesthetic phenomenon, and the essay examines the figure of the nonactor in Ishiguro's novels as part of a broader turn toward nonaction. It does so by considering this figure in relation to a distinctly twentieth-century context within which, as Hannah Arendt has it, human action came to be seen as more dangerous than ever before. Ishiguro's nonactors can be seen as the legacy, but also as the mutations, of this understanding in our own era and in the contemporary novel. This legacy, the essay demonstrates, reveals an underexamined aspect of the neoliberal mind-set that dominates the post–Cold War world. Rather than promote the worthiness of individual, self-serving action, Ishiguro's novels bring to the forefront something different though no less pernicious: a wholescale devaluation of the individual's capacity to act.

Minimizing unwanted catches is a major milestone for achieving sustainable fisheries. In the framework of the Common Fisheries Policy, a landing obligation is being established progressively in European waters (Article 15, EU Regulation 1380/2013). Supplementary management measures have been proposed to support and enhance the effectiveness of this new regime. In this context, the effect of the landing obligation on a demersal mixed fishery (coastal and trawl fleet) in the Aegean Sea (NE Mediterranean Sea) was assessed in terms of both biological and economic sustainability. Our results show that the landing obligation alone does not ensure sustainable fisheries. Management action should be directed to the introduction of additional measures. Evidence suggests that improving selectivity and protecting the nursery grounds are possible solutions to decrease discards and ensure sustainable fisheries in the long term. The landing obligation can have a role in incentivizing the adoption of these management measures that ensure lower fishing mortality on juvenile fish., Minimizar las capturas no deseadas es un hito importante para lograr pesquerías sostenibles. En el marco de la Política Pesquera Común se está estableciendo progresivamente una obligación de desembarque en aguas europeas (artículo 15, reglamento 1380/2013 de la UE). Se han propuesto medidas de gestión complementarias para apoyar y mejorar la eficacia de este nuevo régimen. En este contexto, se evalúa el efecto de la obligación de desembarque en una pesquería mixta demersal (flota costera y de arrastre) en el mar Egeo (NE mar Mediterráneo), tanto en términos de sostenibilidad biológica como económica. Nuestros resultados muestran que la obligación de desembarque por sí sola no garantiza una pesca sostenible, y que la gestión debería enfocarse hacia la introducción de medidas adicionales. Las evidencias obtenidas sugieren que mejorar la selectividad de las artes de pesca y proteger las áreas de alevinaje son dos soluciones posibles para disminuir los descartes y garantizar una pesca sostenible a largo plazo. La obligación de desembarque puede tener un papel en incentivar la adopción de estas medidas de gestión, que aseguran una menor mortalidad por pesca en peces juveniles.

Background:\ud \ud Ensuring adequate knowledge about palliative care and positive attitudes towards death and dying are crucial educational aspects when preparing undergraduate nursing students to respond effectively to the complexities of care for people affected by a progressive, life-limiting illness. In undergraduate nursing education in Greece, the level of students' attained knowledge and developed attitudes towards palliative and end-of-life care remain unknown.\ud Purpose:\ud \ud To investigate undergraduate nursing students' knowledge about palliative care and attitudes towards death and end-of-life care, and explore demographic and academic factors as potential moderators of student knowledge and attitudes.\ud Methods:\ud \ud We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey. We recruited 2nd, 3rd and 4th year undergraduate nursing students from the country's two University Faculties. Participants completed a demographic form, the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN), and the Frommelt Attitudes Towards Care of the Dying (FATCOD) questionnaire.\ud Results:\ud \ud The final sample was 529 students (response rate = 87.6%). Mean total PCQN scores revealed low levels of knowledge. Knowledge about pain/symptom management and psychosocial/spiritual care was insufficient. Mean total FATCOD scores indicated positive, liberal and supportive attitudes towards end-of-life care, with 60% of respondents keen to care for a dying person and their family. We noted less positive attitudes mainly in relation to student comfort with the care of a dying person and his/her imminent death. Academic parameters (year of study) and student demographic characteristics (older age) were the most significant moderators of both knowledge and attitudes. Greater knowledge about palliative care was a relatively weak, yet significant, predictor of more liberal attitudes towards care of the dying.\ud Conclusion:\ud \ud Our findings suggest that structured courses in palliative care can be a core part of undergraduate nursing education. Specific attention could be given to such areas patient-health professional communication, misconceptions and biases towards death and dying, and comfort in caring for the dying in order to prepare student nurses to psychologically deal with the sensitive and challenging process of death and dying.

In the last decades, cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) pose an intensifying ecological threat. Microcystis aeruginosa is a common CyanoHAB species in freshwater ecosystems, with severe toxic effects in a wide range of organisms. In the present paper we examined whether transient and short (48 h) exposure of fish embryos to sublethal levels of M. aeruginosa crude extract (200 mg biomass dw L

The European Regulation (EU) 1143/2014 on Invasive Alien Species entered into force in 2015, with the aim to fulfill regional and international biodiversity goals in a concerted manner. To date, the Regulation listed 66 Invasive Alien Species (IAS) that are subject to legal controls. Only one of these is marine. A recent lionfish (Pterois miles) invasion has been closely monitored in the Mediterranean and a detailed risk assessment was made about the profound impacts that this invasive fish is likely to have on the fisheries and biodiversity of the region. In 2016–21, lionfish rapidly became dominant predators along Eastern Mediterranean coasts, yet the process for their inclusion on the EU IAS list has been lengthy and is ongoing. There is an urgent need to learn from this experience. Here, we recommend improvements to the Regulation 1143/2014 and the risk assessment process to protect marine ecosystems and secure the jobs of people that rely on coastal resources.

The estimated impact of the EU Landing Obligation was investigated, which bans discards of regulated species, in South European fisheries through stakeholders’ perceptions with the intention to identify implementation shortcomings and practicalities that might lead to obstacles to enforcement. Structured interviews were conducted with 173 fishers in 4 countries practicing 4 generic fisheries (as typified by the dominant fishing gear) asking a total of 26 questions. Results show that fishers estimate that the full implementation of the discards ban will result in longer sorting times. Added to the limited space on board, especially in the more productive trawl and purse seine vessels, this may lead to practical difficulties in relation to compliance. Most of the respondents estimate that there are no realistic possibilities of utilizing the formerly discarded fish in the short term, because of the lack of adequate infrastructure on land Furthermore, the possible utilization types foreseen in the regulation will not help offset the costs of bringing former discards to land. The outcomes of this study have confirmed the implementation difficulties of the landing obligation, especially when the fishing industry cannot expect any medium to long-term benefits., This research has received funding from the European Commission's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 634495 for the project Science, Technology, and Society Initiative to minimize Unwanted Catches in European Fisheries (MINOUW).

The debate concerning the biblical intertexts of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid's Tale has revolved around the question of the Bible’s role in the latter: as a tool for suppression and as a potential tool for subversion. The present article re-opens this crucial debate, shifting its focus and contributing to it in two interrelated ways. Whilst the explicit link between the theocracy of Atwood’s Gilead and its totalitarianism has been elaborated on, a specific analogy between Gilead and Nazi Germany drawn in the text remains underexplored in terms of its correlation with the novel’s biblical intertexts. This essay engages with the Gilead-Nazi Germany analogy in these terms, focusing – and this is its second contribution – on the novel’s intertextual entanglement with the story of the sacrificial lamb of the Passover, which still remains unexamined today, in 2015, the year that marks the thirtieth anniversary of the novel’s publication. Both the Passover sacrifice and Atwood’s novel, I will argue, present us with a figurative self-consumption that points to a politics of ‘auto-cannibalism’, which illuminates the parallel between Gilead and Nazi Germany whilst fleshing out its implications on Atwood’s treatment of the tripartite association between politics, sacrifice, and eating.

This essay provides an overview of seminal examples of Western thought (including the Bible, Plato, Hegel, Nietzsche, Freud and Heidegger) in which food features as a means to the conceptual differentiation of the human from the animal. Such an approach allows the emergence of a “structure” (in the Deleuzian sense) that seems to underlie the production of these distinctions. It is, paradoxically, human and animal mutuality – as this is manifested in their common need for, and consumption of, food – that has been utilised as their “differentiator” in the Western tradition and it is this, I argue, that renders possible the functions of what Agamben calls the “anthropological machine.”

Objectives The HOme-based MEdication Review (HOMER) trial investigated whether home-based medication review by pharmacists could decrease hospital re-admission in older people. This trial demonstrated that the intervention increased admissions by 30% (P=0.009). This unexpected finding provoked significant interest. This paper describes the intervention in detail and the process measures recorded by review pharmacists, and investigates whether results differed according to pharmacist characteristics. Method 437 patients were randomised to the intervention, which involved two pharmacist home visits within two and eight weeks of discharge, and 435 were randomised to usual care. An analysis was undertaken of the process measures and to determine whether admission rates differed within the intervention group according to the type of pharmacist performing the review. Setting Norfolk or Suffolk patients aged over 80 years discharged to their own home after an emergency admission (any cause), and taking two or more medications daily. Key findings Twenty-two pharmacists participated. The majority (68%) were experienced community pharmacists (mean age = 42 years), 71% had a postgraduate qualification. Pharmacists identified adverse drug reactions in 33% of patients and made a mean of 1.6 recommendations/comments per visit undertaken. At least 35% of these were enacted. Pharmacists reduced inappropriate drug storage from 7% to 2% of visited patients by their second visit (P = 0.04), and reduced hoarding of unnecessary drugs from 40% of visited patients to 19% (P < 0.001). Finally, the rate of admission within the intervention group did not vary significantly according to experience or type of pharmacist delivering the intervention. Conclusion The HOMER intervention was conducted in a similar way to interventions in many other medication review studies. Given the HOMER trial's counter-intuitive findings it is clear that there is an urgent need to refine this intervention, identify the most suitable location for its delivery, and develop training that can ensure it is delivered to best effect.

International audience; The growing overture towards interacting virtual words and the variety of uses, have brought great changes in the performing arts, that worth a profound analysis in order to understand the emerging issues. We examine the performance conception for its embodiment capacity with a methodology based on interaction analysis. Finally, we propose a new situation of multimodal choreography that respects the aforementioned analysis, and we evaluate the results on a simulation exercise.

Objective To investigate the effects of oral natural micronized P on hormonal and metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to answer the clinical question whether induction of withdrawal bleeding is a necessity for the comparison of hormonal and metabolic data in subjects with PCOS. Design Prospective clinical study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Twenty-eight reproductive-aged women with PCOS. Main Outcome Measure(s) Blood sampling was collected at baseline, after 7 days of oral natural micronized P (200 mg) administration, and after withdrawal bleeding. At these three stages hormonal parameters and homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-IR) index were assessed in all patients. Result(s) Oral natural micronized P administration did not alter significantly insulin sensitivity index and androgen levels; however, LH was decreased when postbleeding values were compared to baseline. Nevertheless, after oral natural micronized P administration, P and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentrations were increased, and HOMA-IR was decreased, whereas androgens levels were not altered, in comparison with baseline. Conclusion(s) The induction of withdrawal bleeding, with this regimen, does not appear to be a necessity for the assessment of hormonal and metabolic profile in anovulatory women with PCOS.

Objective To determine whether home based medication review by pharmacists affects hospital readmission rates among older people. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Home based medication review after discharge from acute or community hospitals in Norfolk and Suffolk. Participants 872 patients aged over 80 recruited during an emergency admission (any cause) if returning to own home or warden controlled accommodation and taking two or more drugs daily on discharge. Intervention Two home visits by a pharmacist within two weeks and eight weeks of discharge to educate patients and carers about their drugs, remove out of date drugs, inform general practitioners of drug reactions or interactions, and inform the local pharmacist if a compliance aid is needed. Control arm received usual care. Main outcome measure Total emergency readmissions to hospital at six months. Secondary outcomes included death and quality of life measured with the EQ-5D. Results By six months 178 readmissions had occurred in the control group and 234 in the intervention group (rate ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.58; P = 0.009, Poisson model). 49 deaths occurred in the intervention group compared with 63 in the control group (hazard ratio = 0.75, 0.52 to 1.10; P = 0.14). EQ-5D scores decreased (worsened) by a mean of 0.14 in the control group and 0.13 in the intervention group (difference = 0.01, -0.05 to 0.06; P = 0.84, t test). Conclusions The intervention was associated with a significantly higher rate of hospital admissions and did not significantly improve quality of life or reduce deaths. Further research is needed to explain this counterintuitive finding and to identify more effective methods of medication review.

20 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, In the European Union, discards represent a major source of undocumented mortality, contributing to the overfishing of European fish stocks. However, little attention has been given by the scientific community to discards in the European Union’s small-scale fisheries (SSF). This is mainly due to the fact that discards are mostly generated by industrial fisheries, while SSFs were generally thought to have lower discard rates than industrial fisheries. A Landing Obligation (LO) is being introduced in European waters with the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) (Article 15, EU regulation 1380/2013) to limit/reduce discarding. However, management recommendations are required to support its implementation. The reality and challenges to enforce the LO in SSF are analyzed in this chapter, gathering information from different small-scale fisheries and fishers from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea who were asked about their perceptions toward the LO. The objectives of this chapter are to (a) identify the reasons for discarding and (b) investigate the multiple ecological, economic, social, and institutional drivers which act as a barrier toward the implementation of the LO in SSF. Given the high importance of SSF in the southern countries of Europe, different case studies of SSF from France, Greece, Portugal, and Spain coasts are used to illustrate the reasons for discarding, the impacts of the LO on SSF, and the barriers for its implementation, The authors acknowledge the financial support from the European COST Action “Ocean Governance for Sustainability – challenges, options and the role of science” and by the ICES Science Fund Project “Social Transformations of Marine Social-Ecological Systems”, and MINOUW (Grant Agreement 634495). C. Pita acknowledges FCT/MEC national funds and FEDER co-funding, within the PT2020 partnership Agreement and Compete 2020, for the financial support to CESAM (Grant no UID/AMB/50017/2013). C.M. Teixeira had the support of the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) (Pest-OE/MAR/UI0199/2011); and C.M. Teixeira and C. Pita were supported by the Research Project “LESSisMORE – LESS discards and LESS fishing effort for BETTER efficiency on the small-scale fisheries” (Ref. “LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-028179”), support by the FEDER Funds through the COMPETE 2020, by the PIDDAC through FCT/MCTES. TM thanks the support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation project DiscardLess (Grant Agreement No 633680), the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2013 granted to MARE. He is also supported by the Program Investigador FCT (IF/01194/2013/CP1199/CT0002)

Embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior is commonly used to identify neurotoxic compounds. Here, we investigated whether sub-lethal exposures to the common solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.01-1%) and methanol (MeOH, 0.01-1%), or the anti-fungal agent methylene blue (MB, 0.0001-0.0005%), can influence larval behavior in a simple light/dark paradigm conducted in 96-well plates. In addition, we tested whether the media volume within the behavioral arena or the zebrafish strain, AB wild type, AB Tübingen (AB/TU), or Tüpfel long-fin (TL), could also influence larval behavior. Following the single exposures, we co-exposed larvae to DMSO and either MB or two other compounds with known behavioral effects in larval zebrafish, flutamide and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). We found ≥0.55% DMSO and 0.0005% MB significantly affected larval behavior, but there was no effect of MeOH. Similarly, TL showed less movement compared to AB and AB/TU strains, whereas lower media volumes also significantly reduced larval movement. However, all strains responded similarly to DMSO and MB. In the co-exposure studies, we found either additive or interaction effects between DMSO and either MB, flutamide, or PFOS, depending on the behavioral endpoint measured. In addition, media volume had no effect on the DMSO concentration response curve, but again we observed additive effects on behavior. In conclusion, methodology can lead to alterations in baseline locomotor activity and compounds can have additive or interaction effects on behavioral endpoints. However, we found no evidence that strain effects should be a concern when deciding on solvents for a simple light/dark behavioral test in larval zebrafish.