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Zika virus acquisition during pregnancy is associated with severe fetal damage. The Zika virus is related to dengue virus and yellow fever virus, yet fetal damage has not been related to dengue or inadvertent vaccination for yellow fever during pregnancy.

Aim VITAL, a phase II single‐arm study, aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of panitumumab addition to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), mitomycin‐C (MMC) and radiotherapy (RT) in patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC). Methods Adult, treatment‐naïve SCCAC patients (Stage T2‐T4, any N, M0) and ECOG‐PS ≤2, received panitumumab (6 mg/kg, day 1 and Q2W; 8 weeks), 5‐FU (1000 mg/m2/d, days 1‐4 and 29‐32), MMC (10 mg/m2, days 1 and 29) and RT 45 Gy (1.8 Gy/fraction) to the primary tumor and mesorectal, iliac and inguinal lymph nodes, plus 10‐15 Gy boost dose to the primary tumor and affected lymph nodes. The primary objective was disease free survival rate (DFS) at 3‐years (expected 3‐year DFS rate: 73.7 ± 12%). Results Fifty‐eight patients (31 women; median age: 59 years; ECOG‐PS 0‐1:98%; TNM II [29%] (T2 or T3/N0/M0)/IIIA (T1‐T3/N1/M0 or T4/N0/M0) [21%]/IIIB (T4/N1/M0 or any T/N2 or N3/M0) [47%]/nonevaluable [4%]) were included. The median follow‐up was 45 months. The 3‐year DFS rate was 61.1% (95% CI: 47.1, 72.4). The 3‐year overall survival rate was 78.4% (95% CI: 65.1, 87.1). Eighteen patients (31.0%) required a colostomy within 2 years posttreatment. Grade 3‐4 toxicities were experienced by 53 (91%) patients. Most common grade 3‐4 treatment‐related events were radiation skin injury (40%) and neutropenia (24%). No toxic deaths occurred. Improved efficacy in colostomy‐free survival and complete response rate was observed in human papilloma virus positive patients. Conclusions Panitumumab addition to MMC‐5FU regimen in SCCAC patients increases toxicity and does not improve patients’ outcomes. RT plus MMC‐5FU remains the standard of care for localized SCCAC patients., VITAL, a phase II single‐arm study, was aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of panitumumab addition to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), mitomycin‐C (MMC) and radiotherapy in patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC). The study concluded that panitumumab addition to MMC‐5FU regimen in SCCAC patients increases toxicity and does not improve patients’ outcomes.

Of the 10,272 currently recognized reptile species, the trade of fewer than 8% are regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the European Wildlife Trade Regulations (EWTR). However, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List has assessed 45% of the world's reptile species and determined that at least 1390 species are threatened by “biological resource use”. Of these, 355 species are intentionally targeted by collectors, including 194 non-CITES-listed species. Herein we review the global reptile pet trade, its impacts, and its contribution to the over-harvesting of species and populations, in light of current international law. Findings are based on an examination of relevant professional observations, online sources, and literature (e.g., applicable policies, taxonomy [reptile database], trade statistics [EUROSTAT], and conservation status [IUCN Red List]). Case studies are presented from the following countries and regions: Australia, Central America, China, Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), Germany, Europe, India, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Islamic Republic of Iran, Japan, Madagascar, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Western Africa, and Western Asia. The European Union (EU) plays a major role in reptile trade. Between 2004 and 2014 (the period under study), the EU member states officially reported the import of 20,788,747 live reptiles. This review suggests that illegal trade activities involve species regulated under CITES, as well as species that are not CITES-regulated but nationally protected in their country of origin and often openly offered for sale in the EU. Further, these case studies demonstrate that regulations and enforcement in several countries are inadequate to prevent the overexploitation of species and to halt illegal trade activities.

Introducción: la rehabilitación protésica se extiende más allá del diente individual o del área desdentada única, comprende la restauración de la normalidad de las relaciones de los músculos y dientes, de modo que se devuelva la salud bucal, tiene como objetivo la sustitución de los dientes, cuando se encuentran perdidos o ausentes, por medios artificiales capaces de restablecer la función masticatoria, estética y fonética. Objetivos: identificar la necesidad real y sentida de prótesis estomatológica en pacientes mayores de 15 años del Policlínico Universitario III René Vallejo Ortiz. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal donde del universo de 19 760 personas se examinaron 500 personas que representaron la muestra la cual se escogió de forma aleatoria; se realizó el examen bucal y formulario, se contó con el consentimiento de todos los pacientes seleccionados. Resultados: el sexo femenino representó el 60% de los examinados y el grupo de 35-59 años el 45%. El 56% de los examinados necesitó tratamiento, las prótesis parciales fueron las más necesitadas con 62,5%, el sexo femenino mostró una necesidad real del 64,3% y la necesidad sentida de prótesis estomatológica fue del 51,8%, mayor en el sexo femenino con el 68,9% y en el grupo de edad de 35-59 años con el 56,7%. Conclusiones: más de la mitad de la población examinada necesitó tratamiento protésico de tipo parcial, la necesidad real y sentida de tratamiento fue más notoria en el sexo femenino y en el grupo de edad de 35 a 59 años. Palabras clave: rehabilitación protésica, necesidad real, necesidad sentida

The importance of format, graphic layout, and ques- tion routing instructions on the quality of survey data has been acknowledged for self-administered survey instruments, but the significance of these factors for questionnaires administered by interviewers has not been recognized equally. This paper exam- ines two studies in which interviewers used different question- naire designs to administer the same set of survey questions to randomly selected adult respondents in housing units that made up area probability samples of the Detroit metropolitan area. The paper presents empirical evidence of specific effects (questions skipped in error, unprobed answers) directly attributable to the choice of questionnaire design. The analysis shows that question- naire design choices can either help or hurt the quality of data collected by interviewers. Furthermore, the behaviors of experi- enced and inexperienced interviewers are affected in similar ways. In other words, interviewing experience does not compen- sate for format deficits in the design of survey instruments. Questionnaire design is frequently overlooked as an important aspect of the development of field instruments and as a potential source of independent effects on survey estimates. Discussions about topics such as question formatting options, graphic layout, integration of in- terviewer recording tasks for complex question series, and optimal routing strategies are frequently absent from published works that oth- erwise deal with questionnaire development. The quality of questionnaire design is generally recognized as an important factor for self-administered instruments (Dillman 1978, 1983); however, the importance and special problems of design for questionnaires to be administered by interviewers has not been ac