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Modifying photo-anode structures in DSSC devices is still challenging in improving efficiency. This study focused on the ZnO rod growth on several porous silicon substrates using the hydrothermal method and determining which porous silicon is appropriate for DSSC applications. The materials used for the growth solution were Zn(NO3)26H2O 0.05 M and C6H12N4 0.25 M. The hydrothermal process was carried out at 90°C for 6 h and then annealed at 450°C for 30 min. SEM revealed that PSi pore influences the structure, diameter, and density of ZnO rods. ZnO structures formed in ZnO rods with a dominant vertical growth direction, ZnO rods with an intersection direction, and flower-like ZnO rods. The diameter of the PSi pore affected the density of ZnO rods grown on the PSi. The average diameter size and the density of ZnO rods vary from 747.66-1610.68 nm and 0.22-0.90 rod/μm2. XRD confirmed the presence of ZnO hexagonal wurtzite, Si cubic, and SiO2 monoclinic. UV-Vis spectrometry characterization results showed that sample reflectance was influenced by ZnO rod density and PSi pitch. The larger density of ZnO rods and the smaller pitch of the PSi pore will lead to lower reflectance. In addition, band gap values were obtained in the 3.06-3.75 eV range. FTIR identified the existence of a ZnO vibration bond, indicating that ZnO was successfully grown on all PSi substrates. The ZnO rods grown on P15S1180 are expected to have more appropriate properties among all five samples for DSSC photoanode.

In this work, stable, spherical silver nanoparticles (MAgNp) were prepared via a green synthesis method using flowers of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg). This flower is abundant in phytochemicals such as saponins that can be utilized as reductants to produce silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were examined using a variety of physico-chemical methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV–VIS spectrometer. EDX study confirmed the crystalline and face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of AgNP. The majority of particles are present with a higher percentage intensity at an average size of 58.77 nm as revealed in the TEM image, PDI was found to be 0.055. MAgNPs demonstrated perfect activity in the catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye (88 %) and para-nitrophenol (98 %), both anthropogenic pollutants. These nanoparticles were further used as plasmonic sensors to detect heavy metals like Fe(II) and Hg(II) in an aqueous solution. The minimum detection limit was found to be 0.2 mM for Hg(II) and 10 μM for Fe(II) with good linearity. The electrochemical properties of MAgNPs were studied using a carbon supercapacitor electrode coated with MAgNPs. Results from cyclic voltammetry were also determined, and they showed a high specific capacitance of 41 F/gm at 5 mV/s scan rate.

This review paper discusses the latest advances in transfiguring Azadirachta indica (neem) biomass into an adsorbent and how it can be used to clean the environment. As an economical and environmentally favorable adsorbent material, neem biomass has become increasingly popular due to its bioactive properties and abundance. The review breaks down modification techniques into chemical and physical processes. Important physical changes covered include preactivation, carbonization, and using fluidized bed technologies and rotary kilns. It has been shown that these methods greatly improve the surface properties of neem biomass, which makes it better at absorbing things and holding more. The changes that were made also have an effect on the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, which helps us understand the adsorption rates and equilibrium behaviors of the changed adsorbents better. Neem biomass adsorbents are illustrated through their versatility and efficacy in the removal of organic pollutants, dyes, and heavy metals from effluent. This is illustrated through specific applications. Additionally, computational studies and artificial intelligence are looked into to see if they can help us understand how adsorption works at the molecular level, improve the efficiency of modification processes, and guess how adsorption will behave. The review also talks about the research gaps and suggests areas for future research. The review emphasizes the crucial importance of integrating experimental and computational methods to enhance the performance of the modified neem biomass and increase its environmental cleaning potential.

The purpose of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of hydrogels in cancer therapy. This aims to explore the definition of hydrogels and their unique characteristics of hydrogel, role of hydrogel in cancer therapy, cancer therapy treatment approaches, challenges in cancer therapy, that make them suitable for use in cancer treatment. It seeks to emphasize on the integration of innovative approaches and new technologies in addressing the challenges of conventional cancer therapies and to highlight their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment approaches. The review will delve into different types of hydrogels, methods of preparation of hydrogel including natural and synthetic hydrogels, providing insights into their characteristics, synthesis methods, and tenability. Furthermore, it will examine the diverse applications of hydrogels in cancer therapy, such as drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, localized therapy, and combination therapies.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are commonly used as photoanode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The structure of TiO2 can be modified by doping to enhance its optical and electrical performance. The modification carried out in this research was by providing Ag doping on TiO2. Silver (Ag) added to TiO2 is convinced to reduce the recombination and increase the energy level of the photo-excited electrons from the TiO2 conduction band. Ag-doped TiO2 was carried out by a simple mixing method. The microstructure of Ag-doped TiO2 was successfully characterized by XRD and SEM. The absorbance of the Ag-doped TiO2 thin films was measured by UV–Vis spectroscopy, confirming the optimum energy gap of 3.09 eV and resulting in the best PCE of 6.31 %.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) is a new renewable energy technology that converts H2O into hydrogen and oxygen gas with the help of sunlight. A photoelectrochemical cell device consists of three main components, one of which is the photoanode. One of the materials that can be used as a photoanode is ZnO which has good electrical properties and is non-toxic. Nanorods-structured ZnO has the advantage of being able to increase light absorption due to its high surface area. However, the resulting performance is still quite low. So it is necessary to make modifications to the photoanode, one of which is by adding aluminium material to ZnO NRs, which has the potential to increase the conductivity of PEC in the production of H2 and O2 in H2O. To overcome the loss of samples during testing, the thin film will be coated with conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANi), which has high conductivity, can increase photoactive ability, and has good corrosion resistance. In this study, the performance of ZnO NRs/PANi against AZO NRs/PANi will be studied by adding aluminium. The ZnO nanorods were synthesized by Hydrothermal method, Aluminium was deposited on ZnO NRs by DC Magnetron Sputtering method, and PANi was synthesized by polymerization method. From the XRD characterization results, it can be concluded that the addition of aluminium to ZnO NRs/PANi causes an increase in crystallinity and peak shift. SEM characterization shows that the addition of Al to ZnO NRs/PANi causes the porosity value to increase. In addition, UV-Vis characterization showed that the addition of Al material to the ZnO NRs/PANi thin film resulted in a wider range of absorbance of the light spectrum. Then, Cyclic Voltammetry test shows that the addition of aluminium increases the efficiency of the photoelectrochemical.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer mixed with different weight ratios of 1-ethyl-3-methyltricynomethanide (EMIm-TCM) ranging from 0 to 30 wt% were used to develop solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). The structural, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the SPEs films were extensively studied. Introducing ionic liquid (IL) into PVA's structure improved its mechanical properties, flexibility, and conductivity, increasing application potential in energy devices. The maximal ionic conductivity of 3.85 × 10−4 Scm−1 was achieved by adding 30 wt% IL. Structural and morphology analysis was performed. Obtained materials exhibited enhanced amorphous nature, and the FT-IR spectrum showed perfect complexation, supported by our XRD pattern. The ionic transference number measurement (tion) confirms that ionic liquid doped polymer electrolyte (ILDPE) is predominantly ionic. Several devices were tested. ILDPE film sandwiched Electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) showed a favorable response.

Current trends suggest that as manufacturing and energy demand increase, there will be a greater consumtion for energy storage, requiring its utilization for days, weeks, or even months in the future. Recent studies also need to be conducted on binders that could support electrode performance, considering that binders are also a crucial component of the electrochemical processes in cells. In this study, activated carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes were fabricated using three different binders: PVDF, SBR, and LA133. With a gravimetric capacitance and power density of 52.57 Fg−1 and 92.64 W.kg−1, and a lifetime up to 87.23% after 1000 cycles, AC/CB LA133 has the best performance. LA133 was used as a binder to generate a Ni/Si composite as a battery electrode combined with the AC/CB LA133 supercapacitor to fabricate a supercapattery. This clearly shows that when a suitable binder such as LA133 is used, the electrochemical performance could be improved.

A photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) is a device that converts solar energy into electrical energy stored in the form of hydrogen and oxygen. The n-type semiconductor that shows promising potential as a PEC cell device is known as ZnO. ZnO in the form of nanorods (NRs) is considered capable of increasing the conversion efficiency of PEC performance due to the large surface area. However, in the energy conversion process, the photoactive layer of the PEC cell corrode easily in the electrolyte solution, reducing the stability of the current produced and shortening the lifetime of the PEC cell. In this study, the stability improvement using solid electrolytes in photoelectrochemical technology was studied. Yttria Stabilized Zirconia is a type of solid electrolyte that has high mechanical properties and ionic conductivity. Activation of YSZ powder at various temperatures is considered very instrumental to the efficiency of the PEC cell device. XRD, SEM-EDX, and UV–Vis characterized the samples. For efficiency measurement through I–V testing, it is equipped with photodetectors such as photoresponse of current and voltage as well as photostability. The higher the YSZ activation temperature, several results were obtained, the larger ZnO NRs/YSZ particle size, the lower the thickness of the film, the higher the absorbance value, and the smaller the band gap. In addition, sample agglomeration occurs at the temperature with the lowest activation and sample response when irradiated enough. Finally, the efficiency of the cell increases, namely at the YSZ activation temperature of 1400 °C, where 1% is produced.

The study of mental models and creative thinking skills in students’ physics learning with the problem-based learning model has been scarce. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between mental models and creative thinking skills in high school students. Many previous research findings explain a relationship between mental models and creative thinking skills among students at the university level and workers. This mixed-methods study was conducted on high school students in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, aged between 14 and 15 years. The instrument used is in the form of mental models and creative thinking skills test questions. This finding explains no relationship between mental models and creative thinking skills because learning has not fully empowered mental models and creative thinking skills. On the other hand, learning at the previous level, students’ knowledge is still fragmented, so that is incomplete. Therefore, at the high school level, they need help to improve their mental models and creative thinking skills. This finding implies that teachers in developing learning materials, tools, and instruments must pay attention to the level of student knowledge so that learning can be more optimal.

The need for food and the need for community empowerment, the fulfillment of new and renewable energy and productive economic activity continue to increase in line with the explosive rate of population growth, this is also what underlies the joint targets of the SDGs in points 2, 5, 7 and 8. The Cemara Hijau Farm (KWT CHF) Farmer Women's Group located in the urban area of Malang city needs solving problems in the form of land expansion, access to sustainable irrigation, and optimum irradiation of crops. In this technology implementation activity, it is carried out to increase the active role of women and increase the agricultural productivity of KWT CHF with various limitations owned. Urban Farming with the vertical concept of agrivoltaic hydroponics can maximize land use in urban areas and photovoltaic-powered LED growlight irradiation can maximize energy and reduce operational costs. Implementation is carried out with the stages of Socialization, Installation, Collaboration, Training, Monitoring and Evaluation. The results of this activity are (1) agrivoltaic technology with a capacity of 1.35 kWh, (2) planting point capacity that can be created 476 points on an area of 8 m2, (3) utilization of circulation tubs as fish farming ponds covering an area of 6 m2 with a capacity of 60 fish, and (4) a 24-hour irradiation system with LED growlight. This community service program can increase the agricultural productivity of KWT CHF, provide added value activities, and reduce agricultural operational costs so that it has a positive impact on sustainable economic value for KWT CHF. For further development, a broader follow-up implementation is needed by involving many regional points by making pilot projects at KWT CHF as pilots for other regions.

An ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl, 2-methyl imidazolium thiocyanate incorporated biopolymer system is reported in this communication for applications in dual energy devices, i.e., electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The solution caste method has been used to synthesize ionic-liquid-incorporated biopolymer electrolyte films. The IL mixed biopolymer electrolytes achieve high ionic conductivity up to the order of 10−3 S/cm with good thermal stability above 250 °C. Electrical, structural, and optical studies of these IL-doped biopolymer electrolyte films are presented in detail. The performance of EDLCs was evaluated using low-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and constant current charge–discharge, while that of DSSCs was assessed using J–V characteristics. The EDLC cells exhibited a high specific capacitance of 200 F/gram, while DSSCs delivered 1.53% efficiency under sun conditions.

The preparation of Co-doped magnetite ferrofluids from natural sand was developed using a double-layer technique. The Co-doped magnetite nanoparticles formed a spinel phase with lattice parameters in the range of 8.355–8.422 Å and tended to agglomerate with the particle sizes of 7–12 nm. The presence of the first and second layers from oleic acid and DMSO was detected by the infrared spectrum as well as the olive oil used as a carrier liquid. The saturation magnetization of the superparamagnetic samples decreased from 24.4 to 4.8 emu/g with decreasing Co2+ composition. The particle size and electrostatic forces between the magnetic particles and the microbes played an essential role in inhibiting microbial growth. Interestingly, the increasing Co2+ composition enhanced the superior performance of the ferrofluids against E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans. With additional extensive investigation, we believe that the prepared Co-doped magnetite double-layered ferrofluids from natural sand with superior antimicrobial performance can be new significant antimicrobial agents.

This paper presents a new heuristic method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in PV systems under normal and shadowing situations. The proposed method is a modification of the original queen honey bee migration (QHBM) to shorten the computation time for the maximum power point (MPP) in PV systems. QHBM initially uses random target locations to search for targets, in this case, MPP. So, we adjusted it to be able to do MPP point quests quickly. We accelerated the mQHBM learning process from the original randomly. We had fairly compared the mQHBM with several heuristics. Simulations were carried out with 2 scenarios to test the mQHBM. Based on the simulation results, it was found that mQHBM was able to exceed the capabilities of other methods such as original QHBM, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and perturb and observe (P&O), ANN, gray wolf (GWO), and cuckoo search (CS) in terms of MPPT speed and overshoot. However, the accuracy of mQHBM cannot exceed QHBM, ANN, and GWO. But still, mQHBM is better than PSO and P&O by about 15% and 18%, respectively. This experiment resulted in a gap of about 2% faster in speed, 0.34 seconds better in convergence time, and 0.2 fewer accuracies.

Nanofiber membranes are starting to be used as an electrolyte storage medium because of their high porosity, which causes ionic conductivity, producing high energy. The ability of nanofiber membranes to absorb electrolytes proves their stability when used for a long time. In this study, the loading of acetylene carbon black (ACB) on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is made by the electrospun method, which in turn is applied as an electrolyte medium in DSSC. Materials characterization was carried out through FTIR to determine the functional groups formed and SEM to observe morphology and diameter distribution. Furthermore, for DSSC performance, efficiency and EIS tests were carried out. The optimum nanofiber membrane was shown by esPACB1, with the highest efficiency reaching 1.92% with a porosity of 73.43%, nanofiber diameter of 172.9 ± 2.2 nm, an absorbance of 1850, and an electron lifetime of 0.003 ms.

The mental models are internal representation possessed by students when learning a concept. This study is intended to explore students’ mental models on Heat and Temperature concept. This research was conducted on 11th grade students of Science program (N = 60) at one senior public school in Malang. Data were collected through open-ended questions and analyzed using the SSI method, which consisted of three levels of mental models. Based on the results, most of the students are still at the synthetic level. In addition, some differences of the students in visualizing the state of solid atoms during expansion, direction of heat conduction, and direction of heat convection. The future study is expected to explore the mental models of students in other topics of Physics education and make use of appropriate learning models to increase students’ mental models.

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN MODEL MENTAL PADA TOPIK SUHU DAN KALOR Abstrak Kami telah mengembangkan tes sebagai analisis model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian pengembangan ini didasarkan pada pentingnya mengetahui tingkatan model mental siswa. Model mental merupakan representasi internal siswa dalam memahami sebuah konsep. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Produk yang dihasilkan merupakan instrumen analisis model mental berupa soal terbuka. Selanjutnya, instrumen tes model mental diujicobakan kepada responden (N=90) untuk mengukur validitas dan reliabilitas. Tes yang telah dikembangkan terdiri dari 8 soal dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,667. Berdasarkan analisis data, instrumen tes model mental pada materi suhu dan kalor layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian. Abstract We have developed test inventory as an analysis of mental models on heat and temperature topics. This development research based on the importance of knowing the level of students' mental models. The mental models are a student’s internal representation of understanding a concept. This study uses a 4-D model. The product being produced is a mental model analysis consists of open-ended questions. Furthermore, mental models test were tested on respondents (N = 90) to measure the validity and reliability. The test that has been developed consists of 8 questions with a value of reliability is 0.667. Based on data analysis, the test of mental models on heat and temperature topics is feasible to use as an assessment instrument.

The consumption of electrical energy grows alongside the development of global industry. Generating energy storage has become the primary focus of current research, examining supercapacitors with high power density. The primary raw material used in supercapacitor electrodes is activated carbon (AC). To improve the performance of activated carbon, we used manganese dioxide (MnO2), which has a theoretical capacitance of up to 1370 Fg−1. The composite-based activated carbon with a different mass of 0–20% MnO2 was successfully introduced as the positive electrode. The asymmetric cell supercapacitors based on activated carbon as the anode delivered an excellent gravimetric capacitance, energy density, and power density of 84.28 Fg−1, 14.88 Wh.kg−1, and 96.68 W.kg−1, respectively, at 1 M Et4NBF4, maintaining 88.88% after 1000 test cycles.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe students' mental models in phenomenon-based argument driven inquiry (ADI) learning with formative assessment. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches with mixed methods of embedded experimental model design. The subject was taken from X IPA-1 with 26 students at Pademawu 1 Public High School. The instrument was developed in the form of 6 essay questions. Research data were analyzed using t-paired test, N-gain, and effect size. The results are categorized as surface, matching, and deep type of mental models. It is found that the phenomenon-based ADI accompanied formative assessment affect significantly on the mental models of students with an effect size of 1.86. It is also reveald that the improvement of students' mental models is low category with an N-gain of 0.2. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah mendiskripsikan model mental siswa dalam pembelajaran ADI berbasis fenomena disertai penilaian formatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan mixed method desain embedded experimental model. Subjek penelitian X IPA-1 dengan 26 siswa di SMAN 1 Pademawu. Instrumen penelitian berupa 6 soal uraian. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan t-paired test, N-gain, dan effect size. Hasil penelitian dikategorikan dalam tiga tipe model mental surface, matching, dan deep. Hasil penilitian didapatkan bahwa ADI berbasis fenomena disertai penilaian formatif berpengaruh kuat terhadap model mental siswa dengan nilai effect size 1.86. Selain itu diperoleh informasi bahwa peningkatan model mental siswa dalam kategori rendah dengan nilai N-gain 0.2.

New Fe3O4/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (C6H7O6Na)n nanohybrid ferrogels for antibacterial applications were fabricated. The crystal and molecular structures along with optical and magnetic properties of the prepared samples were characterized. The antibacterial activity of the ferrogels against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli was investigated using the agar dilution method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the Fe3O4/PVA comprised a PVA amorphous phase and a spinel-structured Fe3O4 crystalline phase. The Fe3O4/PVA crystallite size was 7.5–9.9 nm and the scanning electron micrographs showed that the Fe3O4/PVA agglomerated. The ferrogels were superparamagnetic with saturation magnetizations from 14.8 × 10−3 to 82.1 × 10−3 emu/g. The absorption of the ferrogels showed a bathochromic effect, accompanied by an increase in the bandgap from 2.09 to 2.18 eV with increasing Fe3O4 content in the ferrogels. The ferrogels demonstrated new potency as antibacterial agents against B. subtilis and E. coli, where their antibacterial performance increased with increasing Fe3O4 content.

Abstract: The circulatory system and animals are important materials to learn in elementary school. The purpose of this study is to produce SIPERDA media equipped with augmented reality for the fifth grade of Malang Regency Primary School which is effective, valid, and practical. The development of SIPERDA uses the ADDIE model. The results showed the average for validity from media experts, material experts, and learning experts was 87.2% with the category "Very Valid". Practicality gained from small-scale student responses, small-scale teacher responses, large-scale student responses, large-scale teacher responses by 88% with the category "Very Practical". Whereas the effectiveness is obtained from the average value of the experimental class of 89 and the control class of 83. In addition, the increase in learning outcomes is tested using Ancova which can increase the effective media used. Abstrak: Sistem peredaran darah dan hewan merupakan bahan yang penting untuk dipelajari di Sekolah Dasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan media SIPERDA dilengkapi augmented reality untuk kelas lima Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Malang yang efektif, valid, dan praktis. Pengembangan SIPERDA ini menggunakan model ADDIE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata untuk kevalidan dari pakar media, ahli materi, dan pakar pembelajaran sebesar 87.2% dengan kategori “Sangat Valid”. Kepraktisan yang didapat dari respon siswa skala kecil, respon guru skala kecil, respon siswa skala besar, respon guru skala besar sebesar 88% dengan kategori “Sangat Praktis”. Sementara itu, untuk keefektifan diperoleh dari nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen (Island) sebesar 89 dan kelas control (Ocean) sebesar 83. Selain itu, peningkatan hasil belajar diuji menggunakan Ancova yang dapat meningkatkan media yang efektif digunakan.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of the application of a scientific approach assisted by formative assessment of the motivation and results of physics learning students of class XI. The study used a quasi-experimental research design. The study involved 69 students of class XI. The experimental group received treatment in the form of a scientific approach with formative assessment, while the control class used the lecture method varied with assessment in the form of group assignments. The research instrument used a questionnaire to measure learning motivation and multiple choice tests to measure learning outcomes. The results showed that the formative-assisted approach to scientific learning models influenced learning motivation and physics learning outcomes in class XI students. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penerapan scientific approach berbantuan penilaian formatif terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas XI. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan penelitian eksperimen semu. Penelitian melibatkan 69 siswa kelas XI. Kelompok eksperimen mendapatkan perlakukan berupa pendekatan scientific disertai penilaian formatif, sementara kelas kontrol menggunakan metode ceramah bervariasi disertai penilaian berupa tugas kelompok. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket untuk mengukur motivasi belajar dan tes pilihan ganda untuk mengukur hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model pembelajaran scientific approach berbantuan penilaian formatif berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar Fisika pada siswa kelas XI.

Abstract: Studies about neuroscience reported that women and men have differences in some parts of their brain. Women and men have different ways to encrypt memories, solve problems, and make decisions. This study aimed to explore and raise gender differences in scientific argumentation. There were 80 students (40 female and 40 male students) selected by random sampling technique from two schools in Malang. Each student was given eight essays about Newton’s Law as the instrument of scientific argumentation. To analyze the data, the kruskal-wallis test was conduced (P

Abstract: This research aims to describe the influence of guided inquiry learning models on empirical mental models and mastery of student concepts. This research was designed using a mix method approach or a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research. The research subjects were class IV SD Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Makassar. The results showed that the guided inquiry model had an effect on the mental model and mastery of the concept of fourth grade students of SD Aisyiyah Muhammdiyah 3 Makassar on the material properties of light. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terhadap model mental dan penguasaan konsep siswa. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan pendekatan mix method atau penelitian campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas IV SD Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model inkuiri terbimbing berpengaruh terhadap model mental dan penguasaan konsep siswa kelas IV SD Aisyiyah Muhammdiyah 3 Makassar pada materi sifat-sifat cahaya.

Mental models is an ability that must be possessed by students, so it is necessary to do a meaningful evaluation as a basis for developing students' mental models. However, in Indonesia research on the field of mental models is rarely done because of several factors, one of which is a lack of reference methods that can be used as an evaluation tool. The purpose of this article is to convey methods that can be used to evaluate mental models derived from published articles. The results of our study provide choices of methods that can be used, namely the AC-SMM, SSI, SMD and PDE methods

Scientific reasoning skills help students to explain concepts and argumentations, which is it’s beneficial for student. This article aims to identification pattern of scientific reasoning student that used to solving problems in heat and temperature material. Type of research is descriptive quantitative with 97 students. Instrument is used 4 item essay test of scientific reasoning with reliability 0.726. the scientific reasoning analyze with the rubric that level and category from pattern of correlational reasoning, proportional reasoning, and probabilistic reasoning. Results of research shows that scientific of reasoning skills in correlational reasoning 44.3% students into category of NR (no relationship). Then, in proportional reasoning 24.7% students into category of AD (Additive). In the last, in probabilistic reasoning 62.8% students into category of AP (Approximate). So, the conclusion of the research is students still in low level of category of scientific reasoning skills. Kemampuan penalaran ilmiah membantu siswa untuk menjelaskan suatu konsep dan berargumentasi, yang mana hal tersebut mendatangkan beberapa keuntungan bagi siswa. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola penalaran ilmiah siswa yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan pada materi suhu dan kalor. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan subjek sebanyak 97 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa 4 butir soal uraian penalaran ilmiah dengan reliabilitas 0.726. Analisis penalaran ilmiah sesuai dengan rubrik level dan kategori dari pola correlational reasoning, proportional reasoning, dan probabilistic reasoning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran siswa pada correlational reasoning paling banyak berkategori NR (No Relationship) sebesar 44,3%. Pada proportional reasoning paling banyak siswa berkategori AD (Additive) sebesar 24,7% dan pada probabilistic reasoning siswa paling banyak berkategori AP (Approximate) sebesar 62,8%. Dari hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran ilmiah siswa masih tergolong rendah karena masih berada pada level-level terendah dalam kategori di tiap-tiap pola penalaran ilmiah yang digunakan pada butir soal.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the ability of scientific argumentation of students. The study was conducted on 64 of students X-MIPA class on force and motion. The results of the observation showed that the argument ability of the concept force and motion in students was still very low. The low ability of participants' scientific arguments could also influenced by inappropriate learning models. The learning model applied is a multi-representation based contextual learning model was implemented. The results showed that there was an improve in the ability of scientific argumentation after applying a multi-presentation based contextual learning model. Analysis obtained was 0% at level 17.18% at level 43.75% at level 37.13% at level 4 and 10.94% at level 5. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa. Penelitian dilakukan pada 64 siswa kelas X-MIPA materi gaya dan gerak. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kemampuan argumentasi konsep gaya dan gerak pada siswa masih sangat rendah. Kemampaun argumentasi ilmiah yang rendah juga dipengaruhi oleh model pembelajaran yang kurang tepat. Model pembelajaran yang diterapkan adalah model pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis multirepresentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada peningkatan kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran kontekstual berbasis multirepresentasi. Analisis yang diperoleh 0% pada level 1, 17.18 % pada level 2, 43.75% pada level 3, 37.13% pada level 4 dan 10.94% pada level 5.

Abstract: In the world of physics education, there are still many inconsistency in the representation of physical quantities in daily delivery, both in written and oral. But not many researches are really focused on the issue, so that research is done to understand the consistency of the basic level of physical scale and its representation on the kinematics. The research has been done by mixed method method of embedded correlational design model. The study participants amounted to 20 students in the 3rd semester who have passed the basic physics courses 1. The data were collected using physical consistency knowledge consistency test and its representation, consisting of seven questions with chain answers. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive analysis and qualitative data analysis used data reduction and interpretation. The result of data analysis shows that consistency of knowledge base level representation of physical quantity consisting of consistency of basic knowledge and consistency of basic use physical quantity and its representation still low. The result of the data analysis shows the consistency of knowledge of physical quantity and the use of represetation of physical quantity, all students are at level 5 / KRLV5 (low consistency level 5). Abstrak: Dalam dunia pendidikan fisika masih banyak ditemukan ketidakkonsistenan representasi besaran fisis dalam penyampainnya sehari-hari, baik secara tertulis maupun lisan. Namun, belum banyak penelitian yang benar-benar fokus membahas isu tersebut sehingga penelitian dilakukan untuk memahami pola konsistensi besaran fisis tingkat dasar dan representasinya pada materi kinematika pada mahasiswa. Penelitian telah dilakukan dengan metode mixed method model embedded correlational design. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 20 mahasiswa semester III yang telah lulus matakuliah fisika dasar. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen tes konsistensi pengetahuan besaran fisis dan representasinya yang terdiri dari tujuh soal uraian berantai. Analisis kuantitatif menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis kualitatif menggunakan reduksi dan interpretasi data. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan konsistensi pengetahuan tingkat dasar representasi besaran fisis yang terdiri dari konsistensi pengetahuan dasar dan konsistensi penggunaan dasar besaran fisis dan representasinya masih rendah. Hasil analisis data mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan penggunaan representasi besaran fisis seluruh mahasiswa berada pada level 5/KRLV5 (konsistensi rendah level 5).

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of problem solving ability of student and student mental model on static fluid material. Different student problem solving skills can be seen from the way students represent problem solving. The mental model represents the knowledge created during cognitive activity. This research uses embedded mixed design. The subjects of this study consisted of 30 students of grade XI SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Batu. During the learning of students given the treatment of experiential learning model of Learning. Result of analysis shows Chi-Square test value obtained by 216,500a with Asymp value (2-tailed) equal to 0,041 indicating that there is correlation between problem solving ability and mental model of student.Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dan model mental siswa pada materi fluida statis. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa yang berbeda dapat dilihat dari cara siswa merepresentasikan penyelesaian masalah. Model mental merepresentasikan pengetahuan yang diciptakan selama kegiatan kognitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian embedded mixed method design. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri atas 30 siswa kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Batu. Selama pembelajaran siswa diberikan perlakuan berupa model pembelajaran Experiential Learning. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai uji Chi-Square diperoleh 216,500a dengan nilai Asymp (2-tailed) sebesar 0,041 yang menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan model mental siswa.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the program in improving students’ conceptual understanding. Research subjects were 21 first year Physics Education undergraduate students. Students’ conceptual understanding was assessed through the pretest given after lecture on fluid and posttest given after the use of a recitation program. The results showed that students' conceptual understanding improved significantly with the N-gain of 0.29. The number of problem and multi-contexts problem are the factors causing the success of the recitation program in improving students' conceptual understanding.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas program dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep mahasiswa. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 21 mahasiswa S1 Pendidikan Fisika tahun pertama Universitas Negeri Malang. Peningkatan pemahaman konsep mahasiswa diases melalui pretest yang diberikan setelah perkuliahan topik mekanika fluida dan posttest setelah penggunaan program resitasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman konsep mahasiswa secara keseluruhan meningkat signifikan dengan nilai N-gain 0,29. Jumlah soal latihan yang relatif banyak dan beragam konteks menjadi faktor penyebab keberhasilan program resitasi dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep mahasiswa.

Abstract: Physics learning need to train ability that scientists can apply in developing knowledge, that is scientific argumentation ability. Scientific argumentation ability is very important in preparing students who are literate in science. Unfortunately founded in field scientific argumentation ability students still low. Scientific argumentation ability students mean in first level (unsupported) and second level (phenomenological). Validity of conceptual scintific argumentation students mean in first level (invalid).Abstrak: Pembelajaran fisika perlu melatihkan kemampuan yang bisa diterapkan ilmuwan dalam mengembangkan pengetahuan salah satunya adalah kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah. Kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah sangat penting dalam mempersiapkan siswa yang berliterasi sains. Namun, ditemukan di lapangan bahwa kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa masih tergolong rendah. Kualitas argumentasi ilmiah siswa rata-rata pada level 1 (unsupported) dan level 2 (phenomenological). Validitas konseptual argumentasi ilmiah siswa rata-rata pada level 1 (invalid).

Abstract: This mixed method study aims to determine the improvement of problem solving skills of students related to the topic of heat which learn using the problem-based learning model. The subjects of the study were 36 students of class XI MIPA 2 SMAN 1 Gondang. It is shown that the ability of problem solving students experienced a significant increase of N-gain average score of 0.41 entry in the category of medium, and effect size 1.66 (very strong category). In addition, students' problem solving skills have positive changes at the stage, defining problems: problem schemes, understanding casual relationships in the problem, arguing to learn problem solving, and analogy of problems. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa terkait topik kalor yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah . Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA 2 SMAN 1 Gondang sebanyak 36 anak. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed methods. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan yaitu N-gain skor rata-rata sebesar 0,41 masuk dalam kategori sedang, dan effect size 1,66 (kategori sangat kuat). Selain itu kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa mengalami perubahan yang positif pada tahap, mendefinisikan masalah: problem scema, memahami hubungan casual dalam masalah, argumentasi untuk mempelajari pemecahan masalah, serta menganalogikan masalah

The ability to think critically must be owned by the student in order to face various personal and social problems in his life. The ability to think critically is the ability to think reflectively and reason in decision making. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with the aim to describe students' ability in construct critical thinking. The subjects of the study were the students of class VIII A SMPN 1 Delanggu Klaten regency for the academic year 2016/2017 which amounted to 29 students. The critical thinking instrument developed from the critical thinking of Ennis (2011). The instrument consists of 15 descriptions of the ability to think which consists of 13 aspects. The question instrument used has been validated by an expert lecturer. The analysis is done on the student's answers and is categorized into four categories: True (true), Partially correct (C), Correct (partially incorrect), and Incorrect (S). The results showed that students' critical thinking ability was low. This proves that students' critical thinking skills still need to be trained further in order to be improved. Kemampuan berpikir kritis harus dimiliki oleh siwa agar dapat menghadapi berbagai permasalahan personal maupun sosial dalam kehidupannya. Kemampuan berpikir kritis adalah kemampuan berpikir reflektif dan beralasan dalam mengambil keputusan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam konstruk pemikiran kritis. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII A SMPN 1 Delanggu Kabupaten Klaten tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 29 siswa. Instrumen kemampua berpikir kritis dikembangkan dari kemampua berpikir kritis Ennis (2011). Instrumen berupa 15 soal uraian kemampuan berpikir yang terdiri atas 13 aspek. Instrumen soal yang digunakan telah divalidasi oleh dosen ahli. Analisis dilakukan terhadap jawaban siswa dan dikategorikan ke dalam empat kategori yaitu benar/correctly (B), cukup benar/ partially correct (C), kurang benar/partially incorrect (K), dan salah/ incorrect (S). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa rendah. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa masih perlu dilatihkan lebih lanjut agar dapat ditingkatkan.

Some of the technical problems that appear are obtaining solar cell parameters from I-V curve measurement data. One simple method is using linear graphical fit at zero current or voltage conditions. Although the accuracy of the obtained values is acceptable, other problems may arise regarding the number of parameters which could be obtained. We report a comparison between manual or graphical fit and fit using Shockley’s equation. The single I-V curve under the lighting was inferred to obtain the intrinsic parameters of the solar cells’ performance. The fittings were performed using the nonlinear equation of Shockley by determining some initial values of fittings such as Rs, Rsh, n, I0, Iph, and T. In the case of the Shockley equation fit, the iteration was performed several times to obtain the least possible inferred parameters. We have successfully obtained a better result of nonlinear Shockley fitting compared to the manual linear fit.

Abstract: This study addresses the effect of TPS learning using conceptual scaffolding towards the Physics synthesis problem-solving ability in terms of the initial knowledge of Physics. This research is a quasi-experimental design with 2x2 factorial experiment. The obtained research data were analyzed by using two lanes analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of this study showed that there are no differences in the ability to solve the problem of Physics synthesis between the groups of students who learned through TPS learning with conceptual scaffolding and TPS learning and between groups of students who have different prior knowledge. There is no effect of interaction between TPS learning strategies and conceptual scaffolding with prior knowledge to the ability to solve physics synthesis problem. Key Words: physics synthesis problem, prior knowledge, conceptual scaffolding, TPS Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran TPS dengan scaffolding konseptual terhadap kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah sintesis Fisika ditinjau dari pengetahuan awal Fisika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimen dengan desain faktorial 2 x 2. Data hasil penelitian eksperimen dianalisis dengan analisis variansi (ANAVA) dua jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah sintesis Fisika antara kelompok siswa yang belajar melalui pembelajaran TPS dengan scaffolding konseptual dan pembelajaran TPS dan antara kelompok siswa yang mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan awal berbeda. Tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran TPS dengan scaffolding konseptual dan pengetahuan awal terhadap kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah sintesis Fisika. Kata kunci: masalah sintesis Fisika, pengetahuan awal, scaffolding konseptual, TPS

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of Teams Games Tournament learning model of modified outbound based on Physics learning achievement to students’ learning motivation. The type of the study was quasi-experimental in the form of 2x2 factorials. Subjects of the study are students of 10th grade of SMA Negeri 1 Nganjuk (Public Senior Secondary School). Three classes were randomly assigned as experimental models of modified Teams Games Tournament outbound based and three classes as conventional (control) classes. Instruments used consisting of data collection instruments and also treatment instrument. Hypothesis testing using two-way anova and Tukey test at 5% significance level. The results showed significant difference of achievements in learning physics among students who study using Teams Games Tournament learning model outbound based and conventional one. The results of the study also showed that there are interactions between model of learning and learning motivation towards learning achievements. Physics learning achievements of students who have high motivation, who learn using modified Teams Games Tournament learning model outbound based are not even higher than the conventional one. Whereas the physics learning achievements of students having low motivation who learn using modified Teams Games Tournament learning model outbound based, are higher than the conventional one. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament termodifikasi berbasis outbound terhadap prestasi belajar Fisika ditinjau dari motivasi belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen dalam bentuk faktorial 2x2. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Nganjuk. Secara acak ditetapkan tiga kelas eksperimen model Teams Games Tournament termodifikasi berbasis outbound dan tiga kelas sebagai kelas konvensional (kontrol). Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri atas instrumen pengumpulan data dan instrumen perlakuan. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan Anava dua arah dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Tukey pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara prestasi belajar Fisika yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament termodifikasi berbasis outbound dibanding konvensional. Hasil Penelitian juga menunjukkan ada interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar. Prestasi belajar fisika siswa yang memiliki motivasi tinggi, yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament termodifikasi berbasis outbound tidak lebih tinggi dari konvensional, sedangkan siswa yang mempunyai motivasi rendah, prestasi belajarnya lebih tinggi daripada konvensional.

The purpose of this study was to describe the process of implementing collaborative learning with formative assessment on static fluid materials and diagnosing the mastery of students' static fluid concepts in collaborative learning with formative assessment. So far, the study of static fluid is limited to experimenting and producing students who are unable to solve concrete problems. This research uses mixed methods method. The results showed that collaborative learning with formative assessment consisting of five phases has been successfully implemented in students well and showed positive results on mastery of student concepts. Percentage of mastery of student concept with scientific knowledge category has increased. Conversely students with misconceptions, positive misconceptions, and negative misconceptions decline. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran kolaboratif dengan penilaian formatif pada materi fluida statis dan mendiagnosis penguasaan konsep fluida statis siswa dalam pembelajaran kolaboratif dengan penilaian formatif. Selama ini pembelajaran tentang fluida statis sebatas melakukan percobaan dan menghasilkan siswa yang tidak mampu menyelesaikan soal berbentuk konsep. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed methods. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kolaboratif dengan penilaian formatif yang terdiri atas lima fase telah berhasil diimplementasikan pada siswa dengan baik dan menunjukkan hasil yang positif terhadap penguasaan konsep siswa. Persentase penguasaan konsep siswa dengan kategori pengetahuan ilmiah mengalami kenaikan. Sebaliknya siswa dengan miskonsepsi, miskonsepsi positif, dan miskonsepsi negatif menurun.

Many research studies separately investigated the science process skills between basic process skills and integrated skills. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research regarding science process skills that combined basic skills and integrated skills utilizing Levels of Inquiry model to teach the material of the characteristics and classification of living things. This study employed a mixed methods design of embedded to the seventh grade students of SMPN 9 Pontianak. The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The research findings showed that the Levels of Inquiry model could train and develop students’ science process skills from less skilled to highly skilled. Pretest and posttest results showed significant improvement with N-gain of 0.67 which means that the improvement was in the level of fair. Banyak penelitian yang mengkaji tentang keterampilan proses sains namun masih diteliti secara terpisah antara keterampilan proses dasar dan keterampilan terintegrasi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang keterampilan proses sains yang menggabungkan keterampilan dasar dan terintegrasi dengan menggunakan Levels of Inquiry pada materi ciri-ciri dan klasifikasi makhluk hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed methods desain embedded terhadap siswa kelas VII SMPN 9 Pontianak. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan pembelajaran model Levels of Inquiry dapat melatih dan mengembangkan keterampilan proses sains siswa mulai dari kurang terampil sampai menjadi sangat terampil. Hasil pretes dan postes memperlihatkan peningkatan hasil dengan N-gain sebesar 0.67 berada pada kriteria sedang.

Abstract: This paper consist of research and development of computer-based isomorphic test (Tes Isomorfik Berbasis Komputer, TIBEKOM) for self-diagnostic of misconceptions in force and Newton’s laws. The research has been conducted using a research and development theory adapted from Borg and Gall design and consisted of seven stages. The research subjects include lecturers, teachers, and students. As a result, the product has been available to be implemented. TIBEKOM, as the form of isomorphic test, are able to explore the student’s weaknesses and difficulties. It is also able to uncover the strength and the weakness of the students. Key Words: isomorphic tests, self-diagnostic of misconceptions, force and newton’s laws Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian dan pengembangan Tes Isomorfik Berbasis Komputer (TIBEKOM) sebagai instrumen diagnostik miskonsepsi diri siswa pada materi gaya dan hukum Newton. Metode pe-nelitian dan pengembangan yang digunakan diadaptasikan dari desain Borg dan Gall, dan terdiri atas tujuh tahap. Subjek uji penelitian meliputi dosen, siswa dan guru. Hasil pengembangan TIBEKOM un-tuk diagnostik miskonsepsi diri siswa pada materi gaya dan hukum newton memenuhi kriteria layak. TIBEKOM merupakan soal isomorf yang mampu menggali kelemahan dan kesulitan belajar siswa yang berupa miskonsepsi serta mampu memberikan umpan balik pada siswa terkait dengan hasil tes. Kata kunci: tes isomorfik, diagnostik miskonsepsi diri, gaya dan hukum newton