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The article analyses the form of state of the federal Indian Union, which is rather atypical in the “landscape” of comparative constitutional law. The trend towards centralization of functions and powers, both at federal and state levels, probably constitutes some sort of quasi-federalism, or semi-federalism, or even unionist federalism. Indian pragmatic federalism, which we can mainly characterize as a variant of ethnic federalism, may well lead, in terms of the classification of the forms of state, to consider Indian federalism as unitary federalism, or as the realization of a sui generis unionist state.

The article examines the new trends of Hungarian constitutionalism, which have been realized in the new Fundamental Law and that raises some questions with regard to, among other things, the hierarchy of sources of law. Especially the cardinal laws have been the subject of criticisms both within the Hungarian doctrine that by experts in constitutional law and international organizations in the Western world. From the point of view of comparative constitutional law, it should be noted that reinforced laws are provided in many constitutions, in both Western and Eastern Europe. In order to better understand the role of cardinal laws is useful to consider, first of all and in addition to the new Fundamental Law, the system of pre-existing organic laws of Hungary. Furthermore, it is also interesting to consider, on the one hand, the first cardinal laws approved, and, on the other hand, the orientations of the Hungarian Constitutional Court on organic laws prior to the adoption of the new Fundamental Law.

In a comparative view of the Arctic, Greenland is the only autonomous territory that has the possibility of legally reaching the status of full independence. The funding of the increasing autonomy and, ultimately, of the independence of Greenland is acquired largely from the revenues of mining operations and, more generally, from the exploitation of natural energy sources. However, one must consider the special conditions of the indigenous Inuit, torn between the desire to participate in the development of the Arctic regions, with the related socio-economic benefits, and the willingness not to abandon the traditional lifestyles that are the basis of their indigenous culture.

Innegabilmente, l’istituto di emissione europeo si è caratterizzato per un attivismo negli anni della crisi, tale da far dire a molti commentatori che la soluzione europea alle difficoltà e alle esigenze di natura macroeconomica fosse più nell’alveo della politica monetaria che di quella fiscale. La Banca centrale ha assunto una visibilità non comune in Europa, giungendo ad oscurare in più circostanze i decisori politici. Si può definire una dominanza monetaria? Senza entrare nelle definizioni, l’obiettivo di questo intervento è dimostrare come più che di dominanza si tratti di supplenza. Si dimostrerà come gli altri attori istituzionali del sistema europeo, dietro le quinte, abbiano avallato e supportato l’intraprendenza della BCE nella consapevolezza che fosse l’istituzione più attrezzata per intervenire nelle crisi e provvedere così a colmare delle lacune del sistema.