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Introduction External iliac arterial dissection after robot‐assisted laparoscopic procedures is an extremely rare complication. It may cause severe adverse outcomes, such as lower limb necrosis. Case presentation A 73‐year‐old man was diagnosed with cT2 ≤ N0M0 bladder cancer and underwent robot‐assisted radical cystectomy. After surgery, he complained of severe left lower leg pain. Computed tomography showed external iliac arterial occlusion. Furthermore, the emergency operation revealed external iliac arterial dissection and occlusion. Conclusion The robot arm does not have any sense of force or touch. Thus, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the traction of blood vessels and contact with major organs.

Introduction Mamushi bites are the most common venomous snakebites in Japan. The clinical course of a common mamushi bite is known, and its alarming complication and cause of death are acute renal failure due to the venom. However, reports of mamushi bites in kidney transplant recipients are lacking, and the clinical course is unknown. Case presentation A 66‐year‐old man who was bitten by a mamushi 3 years after kidney transplantation. Similar to the course of a typical mamushi bite, his severity gradually worsened to its peak 3 days after the bite, after which he turned lightly. A sufficient amount of infusion and continued immunosuppressive drugs were used to avoid acute renal failure. Conclusion Even if the mamushi bite occurs in a kidney transplant recipient, the course and management may be the same as usual by continuing the immunosuppressive drugs and a sufficient amount of infusion.

Introduction Ileal ureteral replacement is one of the treatment options for long ureteral strictures. Most ileal ureteral replacements anastomose the distal side of the ileal segment directly to the bladder. We have reported here an initial case of laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement for preserving the natural anti‐reflux system. Case presentation A 29‐year‐old male presented with right flank pain, and his imaging results revealed multiple strictures of the right upper‐middle ureter. Hence, we performed a laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement surgery. The normal distal ureter was preserved, and the distal side of the ileal segment was anastomosed to it. As such, the natural anti‐reflux system could be completely preserved. Following this, the renal function was maintained, and no urinary tract infection was recorded. Conclusion Laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement, which preserves the natural anti‐reflux system, can be considered as a treatment option for refractory upper‐middle ureteral strictures.

Introduction Primary pure choriocarcinoma of the bladder is extremely rare and should be distinguished from urothelial carcinoma. GATA‐3 is a zinc finger transcription factor and a known sensitive immunostaining marker for urothelial carcinoma. However, its accuracy in the detection of urothelial carcinoma is moderate and it is also an important factor in trophoblast differentiation. Case presentation A 78‐year‐old man presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria for 6 months. Cystoscopy and clinical imaging revealed local bladder carcinoma. He underwent a radical cystectomy and histological diagnosis revealed pure choriocarcinoma (pT2aN0M0) with positive immunostaining, indicating GATA‐3 was present. Systemic chemotherapy could not be applied due to his poor general condition, and he died 7 months after surgery. Conclusion We reported the first case of pure choriocarcinoma of the bladder, which showed positive immunostaining results indicating the presence of GATA‐3.

There is a paucity of definitive evidence that supports the use of enoxaparin to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after urologic laparoscopic surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of postoperative subcutaneous enoxaparin injection in patients who underwent urologic laparoscopic surgery. A total of 63 patients were evaluated from June 2010 to December 2012. All patients received postoperative prophylaxis with enoxaparin (2000 IU twice daily for 5 days). None of the patients treated with enoxaparin developed symptomatic VTE, but two cases (3.2%) of pulmonary embolism were noted before initial enoxaparin administration. Statistically significant differences were observed between the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values and D-dimer levels obtained at baseline and on day 7 after surgery; however, the PT and APTT values did not exceed the normal range. In addition, signs of any adverse events were not encountered in any of the patients treated with enoxaparin. The use of enoxaparin immediately after a surgery may confer valuable thromboprophylaxis benefits for urologic laparoscopic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]