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4. Coalitions in theory and reality: a review of pertinent variables and processes

Author

Bissonnette, Annie, Perry, Susan, Barrett, Louise, Mitani, John C, Flinn, Mark, Gavrilets, Sergey, and de Waal, Frans BM

Subjects
alliances, mathematical models, empirical data, primates, recruitment, fitness, dominance, cooperation, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Zoology, Behavioral Science & Comparative Psychology
Abstract

Coalitions and alliances are ubiquitous in humans and many other mammals, being part of the fabric of complex social systems. Field biologists and ethologists have accumulated a vast amount of data on coalition and alliance formation, while theoretical biologists have developed modelling approaches. With the accumulation of empirical data and sophisticated theory, we are now potentially able to answer a host of questions about how coalitions emerge and are maintained in a population over time, and how the psychology of this type of cooperation evolved. Progress can only be achieved, however, by effectively bridging the communication gap that currently exists between empiricists and theoreticians. In this paper, we aim to do so by asking three questions: (1) What are the primary questions addressed by theoreticians interested in coalition formation, and what are the main building blocks of their models? (2) Do empirical observations support the assumptions of current models, and if not, how can we improve this situation? (3) Has theoretical work led to a better understanding of coalition formation, and what are the most profitable lines of inquiry for the future? Our overarching goal is to promote the integration of theoretical and field biology by motivating empirical scientists to collect data on aspects of coalition formation that are currently poorly quantified and to encourage theoreticians to develop a comprehensive theory of coalition formation that is testable under real-world conditions.

Published
2015

13. Generation times in wild chimpanzees and gorillas suggest earlier divergence times in great ape and human evolution

Author

Langergraber, Kevin E., Prüfer, Kay, Rowney, Carolyn, Boesch, Christophe, Crockford, Catherine, Fawcett, Katie, Inoue, Eiji, Inoue-Muruyama, Miho, Mitani, John C., Muller, Martin N., Robbins, Martha M., Schubert, Grit, Stoinski, Tara S., Viola, Bence, Watts, David, Wittig, Roman M., Wrangham, Richard W., Zuberbühler, Klaus, Pääbo, Svante, and Vigilant, Linda

Published
2012

14. Genetic and 'cultural' similarity in wild chimpanzees

Author

Langergraber, Kevin E., Boesch, Christophe, Inoue, Eiji, Inoue-Murayama, Miho, Mitani, John C., Nishida, Toshisada, Pusey, Anne, Reynolds, Vernon, Schubert, Grit, Wrangham, Richard W., Wroblewski, Emily, and Vigilant, Linda

Published
2011

19. Lethal aggression in Pan is better explained by adaptive strategies than human impacts

Author

Wilson, Michael L., Boesch, Christophe, Fruth, Barbara, Furuichi, Takeshi, Gilby, Ian C., Hashimoto, Chie, Hobaiter, Catherine L., Hohmann, Gottfried, Itoh, Noriko, Koops, Kathelijne, Lloyd, Julia N., Matsuzawa, Tetsuro, Mitani, John C., Mjungu, Deus C., Morgan, David, Muller, Martin N., Mundry, Roger, Nakamura, Michio, Pruetz, Jill, Pusey, Anne E., Riedel, Julia, Sanz, Crickette, Schel, Anne M., Simmons, Nicole, Waller, Michel, Watts, David P., White, Frances, Wittig, Roman M., Zuberbuhler, Klaus, and Wrangham, Richard W.

Subjects
Adaptation (Biology) -- Psychological aspects, Chimpanzees -- Behavior, Zoological research, Aggressive behavior in animals -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Observations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) provide valuable comparative data for understanding the significance of conspecific killing. Two kinds of hypothesis have been proposed. Lethal violence is sometimes concluded to be the result of adaptive strategies, such that killers ultimately gain fitness benefits by increasing their access to resources such as food or mates (1-5). Alternatively, it could be a non-adaptive result of human impacts, such as habitat change or food provisioning (6-9). To discriminate between these hypotheses we compiled information from 18 chimpanzee communities and 4 bonobo communities studied over five decades. Our data include 152 killings (n = 58 observed, 41 inferred, and 53 suspected killings) by chimpanzees in 15 communities and one suspected killing by bonobos. We found that males were the most frequent attackers (92% of participants) and victims (73%); most killings (66%) involved intercommunity attacks; and attackers greatly outnumbered their victims (median 8:1 ratio). Variation in killing rates was unrelated to measures of human impacts. Our results are compatible with previously proposed adaptive explanations for killing by chimpanzees, whereas the human impact hypothesis is not supported., Substantial variation exists in rates of killing across chimpanzee study sites (2-5,10-12). The human impact and adaptive strategies hypotheses both seek to explain this variation, but have contrasting predictions, which [...]

Published
2014
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25. Age Patterning in Wild Chimpanzee Gut Microbiota Diversity Reveals Differences from Humans in Early Life

Author

Reese, Aspen T., primary, Phillips, Sarah R., additional, Owens, Leah A., additional, Venable, Emily M., additional, Langergraber, Kevin E., additional, Machanda, Zarin P., additional, Mitani, John C., additional, Muller, Martin N., additional, Watts, David P., additional, Wrangham, Richard W., additional, Goldberg, Tony L., additional, Emery Thompson, Melissa, additional, and Carmody, Rachel N., additional

Published
2021
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27. Description of Candidate Models in Mating Success Analysis from The development of affiliative and coercive reproductive tactics in male chimpanzees

Author

Reddy, Rachna B., Langergraber, Kevin E., Sandel, Aaron A., Vigilant, Linda, and Mitani, John C.

Abstract

This document provides additional detail on our model comparison analysis that investigated factors influencing mating success. Specifically, we describe how we constructed each of the 15 candidate models and justifies their inclusion in our analysis.

Published
2020
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28. Supplementary Figure 1 from Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees

Author

Negrey, Jacob D., Thompson, Melissa Emery, Langergraber, Kevin E., Machanda, Zarin P., Mitani, John C., Muller, Martin N., Otali, Emily, Owens, Leah A., Wrangham, Richard W., and Goldberg, Tony L.

Subjects
fluids and secretions, viruses
Abstract

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of viruses identified in fecal samples from Kibale chimpanzees.

Published
2020
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31. Simultaneous outbreaks of respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees caused by distinct viruses of human origin

Author

Negrey, Jacob D., primary, Reddy, Rachna B., additional, Scully, Erik J., additional, Phillips-Garcia, Sarah, additional, Owens, Leah A., additional, Langergraber, Kevin E., additional, Mitani, John C., additional, Emery Thompson, Melissa, additional, Wrangham, Richard W., additional, Muller, Martin N., additional, Otali, Emily, additional, Machanda, Zarin, additional, Hyeroba, David, additional, Grindle, Kristine A., additional, Pappas, Tressa E., additional, Palmenberg, Ann C., additional, Gern, James E., additional, and Goldberg, Tony L., additional

Published
2019
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33. Advances in the Study of Behavior : Volume 48

Author

Mitani, John C. and Mitani, John C.

Abstract

Advances in the Study of Behavior was initiated over 40 years ago to serve the increasing number of scientists engaged in the study of animal behavior. This volume makes another important contribution to the development of the field by presenting theoretical ideas and research findings to professionals studying animal behavior and related fields. Initiated over 40 years ago to serve the increasing number of scientists engaged in the study of animal behavior Makes another important contribution to the development of the field Presents theoretical ideas and research to those studying animal behavior and related fields

Published
2016

36. Fearing a Planet Without Apes

Author

Mitani, John C.

Subjects
Wildlife conservation -- Finance -- Laws, regulations and rules, Apes -- Protection and preservation -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Company financing, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

John C. Mitani is a professor of anthropology at the University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Mich. VIEWERS of this summer's Hollywood blockbuster ''Rise of the Planet of the Apes'' may [...]

Published
2011

39. Genetic and ‘cultural’ similarity in wild chimpanzees

Author

Langergraber, Kevin E., primary, Boesch, Christophe, additional, Inoue, Eiji, additional, Inoue-Murayama, Miho, additional, Mitani, John C., additional, Nishida, Toshisada, additional, Pusey, Anne, additional, Reynolds, Vernon, additional, Schubert, Grit, additional, Wrangham, Richard W., additional, Wroblewski, Emily, additional, and Vigilant, Linda, additional

Published
2010
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42. Molecular Ecology and Natural History of Simian Foamy Virus Infection in Wild-Living Chimpanzees

Author

Liu, Weimin, primary, Worobey, Michael, additional, Li, Yingying, additional, Keele, Brandon F., additional, Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic, additional, Guo, Yuanyuan, additional, Goepfert, Paul A., additional, Santiago, Mario L., additional, Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N., additional, Neel, Cecile, additional, Clifford, Stephen L., additional, Sanz, Crickette, additional, Kamenya, Shadrack, additional, Wilson, Michael L., additional, Pusey, Anne E., additional, Gross-Camp, Nicole, additional, Boesch, Christophe, additional, Smith, Vince, additional, Zamma, Koichiro, additional, Huffman, Michael A., additional, Mitani, John C., additional, Watts, David P., additional, Peeters, Martine, additional, Shaw, George M., additional, Switzer, William M., additional, Sharp, Paul M., additional, and Hahn, Beatrice H., additional

Published
2008
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