4 results on '"Muñoz-Romero, Verónica"'
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2. Stratification ratios in a rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol in wheat under different tillage, rotation and N fertilisation rates
- Author
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Melero Sánchez, Sebastiana, López-Bellido, R. J., López-Bellido, L., Muñoz Romero, Verónica, Moreno Lucas, Félix, Murillo Carpio, José Manuel, Franzluebbers, Alan J., Melero Sánchez, Sebastiana, López-Bellido, R. J., López-Bellido, L., Muñoz Romero, Verónica, Moreno Lucas, Félix, Murillo Carpio, José Manuel, and Franzluebbers, Alan J.
- Abstract
Semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions and intensive tillage systems accelerate soil organic matter losses. Therefore, assessing agricultural practices that enhance storage of soil organic matter is needed. Stratification of soil properties with soil depth, expressed as a ratio, could indicate soil quality under different soil management. We measured soil depth stratification ratio (0–5/10–30 cm and 0–5/30– 50 cm) of soil organic C (SOC), total N, active carbon (AC), water soluble carbon (WSC), and soil enzymatic activities [dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and b-glucosidase activity (BGA)] of a Typic Haploxerert in southern Spain. The experimental design consisted of a split–split plot design with three replications and soil properties evaluated at the end of 22 years. Tillage systems included conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT). Dryland, 2-year crop rotations were wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow (WF), wheat– chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (WC), wheat–faba bean (Vicia faba L.) (WFb), wheat–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (WS), and continuous wheat (WW). Nitrogen fertiliser rates were 0, 50 and 150 kg N ha 1. Stratification ratios of total N, WSC, AC, DHA, and BGA were most responsive to tillage systems; NT greater than CT. Stratification ratios of SOC, total N, WSC, AC and BGA were most responsive to crop rotation; WFb and WW greater than WF, WC, and WS. Stratification ratio of BGA was most responsive to N fertiliser rate; higher rates than no fertiliser. Stratification ratios of C and N fractions and enzymatic activities were responsive to choice of denominator used for ratio calculation. Tillage and crop rotation had more influence than N fertiliser rate in affecting stratification ratio of C and N fractions and enzymatic activities. Stratification ratio was relatively low (<2), perhaps due to the large shrinking and swelling characteristics of Vertisols. Stratification ratio of BGA was greater than of all other soil properties, suggesting that it m
- Published
- 2012
3. Effect of tillage system on the root growth of spring wheat
- Author
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Muñoz-Romero, Verónica, primary, Benítez-Vega, Jorge, additional, López-Bellido, Rafael J., additional, Fontán, José M., additional, and López-Bellido, Luis, additional
- Published
- 2009
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4. Incidencia y factores de riesgo de tuberculosis en el trasplante de pulmón: importancia de la profilaxis
- Author
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Guirao Arrabal, Emilio, Muñoz-Romero, Verónica, and Torre-Cisneros, Julián de la
- Subjects
Trasplante pulmonar ,Infección tuberculosa latente ,Cirugía ,Profilaxis ,Enfermedades - Diagnóstico ,Tuberculosis ,Pacientes ,Enfermedades infecciosas ,Enfermedades - Tratamientos ,Factores de riesgo - Abstract
Introducción. Justificación de la hipótesis y los objetivos: La tuberculosispresenta una prevalencia y tasa de incidencia muy altas entre lostrasplantados de órganos sólido, especialmente en el trasplante pulmonar.Esta infección se presenta en dos tercios de los casos en el primer añopostrasplante pero puede ocurrir también pasado este período. En lamayoría de los casos se produce por una reactivación de una infeccióntuberculosa latente adquirida previamente al trasplante. Se han definido unaserie de factores de riesgo generales y para algunos órganos específicos perono para el trasplante pulmonar en concreto. Se suele presentar consintomatología clínica habitual, pero puede también llegarse al diagnósticoen pacientes asintomáticos. La presentación extrapulmonar y diseminada esmás frecuente que en población no trasplantada. La tuberculosis conllevapara estos pacientes altas tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad. Las guíasactuales recomiendan realizar despistaje de una infección tuberculosalatente pretrasplante con el objetivo de disminuir las reactivaciones en elperíodo postrasplante. El tratamiento de la infección tuberculosa latenterecomendado es mediante una pauta de isoniazida durante 9 meses.Hipótesis: La pauta corta 3HR es eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de lainfección tuberculosa latente en pacientes candidatos a trasplante pulmonar.Es posible determinar una serie de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo detuberculosis en el postrasplante pulmonar que nos ayude a diferenciaraquellos pacientes de alto riesgo en los que es necesario priorizar medidaspreventivas.Objetivos: 1. Evaluar la eficacia de una pauta corta 3HR para el tratamientode la infección tuberculosa latente en pacientes candidatos a trasplantepulmonar. 2. Evaluar la seguridad de una pauta corta 3HR como tratamientode la infección tuberculosa latente en pacientes candidatos a trasplantepulmonar. 3. Realizar un análisis de factores de riesgo de tuberculosis enpacientes receptores de un trasplante pulmonar.Material y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de una cohorte de 398trasplantados pulmonares del Hospital Reina Sofía de Córdoba. Serecogieron una serie de variables pre y postrasplante así como datosrelativos al tratamiento de la infección tuberculosa latente, efectos adversosy cumplimentación de la pauta. Se calcularon la prevalencia e incidencia detuberculosis postrasplante. Se realizó un análisis uni y multivariante defactores de riesgo de tuberculosis postrasplante.Resultados: 23 pacientes realizaron tratamiento de la infección tuberculosalatente mediante la pauta 3HR. 20 de ellos completaron la pauta (86.9%) ysólo 2 pacientes no completaron el tratamiento debido a efectos adversos(8.7%). Se diagnosticaron 6 casos de tuberculosis postrasplante (1.5%) loque supuso una tasa de incidencia de 406.3 casos/105 pacientes-año.Ninguno de los pacientes que realizó tratamiento de la infección tuberculosalatente con 3HR desarrolló tuberculosis. En el análisis multivariante seidentificaron como factores de riesgo independientes de tuberculosispostrasplante a la presencia de alteraciones en la TAC pretrasplantesugestivas de tuberculosis residual (OR 11.5, IC 95% 1.9-69.1, p=0.008), eltratamiento postrasplante con azatioprina (OR 10.6, IC 95% 1.1-99.1,p=0.038) y el tratamiento postrasplante con everolimus (OR 6.7, IC 95% 1.1-39.8, p=0.036).Conclusiones: 1. La pauta de tratamiento de la infección tuberculosa latentemediante 3HR es eficaz en la prevención de la tuberculosis postrasplante encandidatos a un trasplante pulmonar. 2. La pauta de tratamiento de lainfección tuberculosa latente mediante 3HR ofrece un buen perfil deseguridad en pacientes candidatos a un trasplante pulmonar. 3. Se hanestablecido una serie de factores de riesgo independientes para el desarrollode tuberculosis en el postrasplante pulmonar, como son la presencia dealteraciones sugestivas de tuberculosis residual en la TAC de tóraxpretrasplante, el tratamiento postrasplante con azatioprina y el tratamientopostrasplante con everolimus., Introduction. Justification of the hypothesis and objectives: Tuberculosishas high prevalence and incidence rate among solid organ transplantrecipients, especially in lung transplantation. This infection occurs in twothirds of cases in the first year after transplantation but can also developafter this period. Most of the cases are reactivation of a latent tuberculosisinfection acquired in the pretransplant period. Some risk factors havepreviously been identified for general solid organ transplant recipients andfor some specific organs, but not for lung transplantation specifically.Tuberculosis usually presents with common clinical symptoms, butasymptomatic patients are also frequent. Disseminated and extrapulmonarypresentation is more common than in non-transplant population.Tuberculosis results in high mortality and morbidity rates for these patients.Current guidelines advocate performing pretransplant screening of latenttuberculosis infection in order to reduce reactivation in the post-transplantperiod. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection is recommended with acourse of isoniazid for nine months.Hypothesis: The short course 3HR is effective and safe for the treatment oflatent tuberculosis infection in candidates to a lung transplantation. It ispossible to identify a number of risk factors for the development oftuberculosis in the lung transplant, in order to differentiate those patients athigh risk in whom it is necessary to prioritize preventive measures.Objectives: 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of a short 3HR course for thetreatment of latent tuberculosis infection in candidates to lungtransplantation. 2. Assess the safety of a short 3HR course as a treatment forlatent tuberculosis infection in candidates to lung transplantation. 3. Performan analysis of risk factors for tuberculosis in patients receiving lungtransplantation.Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 398 lung transplantrecipients at the Reina Sofía Hospital in Córdoba. Pre and post-transplantparameters were collected as well as data concerning the treatment of latenttuberculosis infection, adverse effects and completion of the course.Prevalence and incidence rate of postransplant tuberculosis were calculated.Univariate and multivariate risk factors analysis for postransplanttuberculosis were performed.Results: 23 patients underwent treatment for latent tuberculosis infectionwith 3HR course. 20 of them completed the pattern (86.9%) and only 2patients did not complete treatment due to adverse events (8.7%). 6 cases oftuberculosis after transplantation were diagnosed (1.5%) which representsan incidence rate of 406.3 cases / 105 patient-years. None of the patientswho performed treatment of latent tuberculosis infection with 3HRdeveloped postransplant tuberculosis. In multivariate analysis, several riskfactors for postransplant tuberculosis were identified: lesions in thepretransplant CT suggestive of residual tuberculosis (OR 11.5, 95% CI 1.9-69.1, p = 0.008), post-transplant treatment with azathioprine (OR 10.6, 95%CI 1.1-99.1, p = 0.038) and post-transplant treatment with everolimus (OR6.7, 95% CI 1.1-39.8, p = 0.036).Conclusions: 1. Short 3HR course is effective in preventing postransplanttuberculosis in lung transplant candidates. 2. Short 3HR course provides agood safety profile in lung transplant candidates. 3. Several independent riskfactors for postransplant tuberculosis in lung transplantation, such as thepresence of residual lesions in the pretransplant CT, postranspant treatmentwith azathioprine and everolimus.
- Published
- 2017
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