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Activated carbon from agro-industrial waste, namely tea twigs derived from the processing of Camellia Sinensis branches, using a potassium hydroxide activator for CO2 adsorption has been conducted in this study. Various carbonization temperatures (4000C and 5000C) and heating times of 1 h and 3 h were used in this study. The concentration of potassium hydroxide (40 % and 60 %) and the ratios of activator solutions to carbon precursor made from pyrolysis of tea twigs (2:1 and 4:1) were varied for the chemical activation process. The effectiveness results of the obtained activated carbon were characterized through using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyzer and Temperature Programme Desorption-CO2 to determine the surface area and capacity maximum of CO2 adsorption. The optimum condition for the synthesis of activated carbon that produces high surface area was obtained at sample CCS 400/1 A2B1 where biochar carbonized at temperature of 400 °C kept for 1 h with a ratio of activator solution and precursor 4:1 using KOH concentration of 40 %. The highest surface area was obtained 1403 m2 g−1 with pore volume 0.9 m2 g−1 and pore size 1.11 nm and proved the presence of microporous areas in produced activated carbon. The maximum CO2 adsorption capacity obtained in this study was 5.1573 mmol g−1. This result could be related to the higher amount of microporous present in the activated carbon that facilitates the access of CO2 to the active sites at the pores of activated carbon.

Improving the quality of syngas from fine coal waste using the sorption-enhanced gasification process is a novel technology in the production of H2. The effect of CaO on CO2 absorption and H2 increase in the steam fine coal gasification process was determined in a fixed bed gasifier. The steam gasification process took place at 650 °C using bentonite and CaO as catalysts and absorbents. Steam increased the H2 concentration in the syngas to 58 vol%. In-situ CO2 absorption is more effective with the addition of CaO. The maximum percentage of CO2 was absorbed when the Ca/C ratio 2 was 78.33 %. The H2 content in the syngas after the CO2 was absorbed increased rapidly to 75.80 vol% at a Ca-to-carbon-mole ratio (Ca/C) of 1.5 and a steam-to-feedstock ratio (S/F) of 1.5. CaO did not produce significant results for low heating value (LHV) or cold gas efficiency (CGE), with results of 12 MJ/Nm3 and 44.53 %. The dominant water gas shift reaction due to the influence of steam and CaO increased H2/CO up to 9.11, which made the syngas from this work suitable for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.

Indonesia merupakan negara rawan bencana apabila dilihat dari aspek geografis, klimatologis, maupun demografisnya. Letak geografis Indonesia yang berada di antara 2 benua dan 2 samudera menyebabkan potensi bencana meningkat terutama secara geologis. Letak Indonesia pada 3 lempeng, yaitu Lempeng Eurasia, Lempeng Indo-Australia, dan Lempeng Pasifik berkontribusi pada kerawanan bencana tersebut. Kabupaten Blitar dengan proporsi wilayah dataran tinggi yang besar membuat wilayah tersebut menjadi rawan terhadap potensi bencana longsor. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai kajian tingkat risiko bencana tanah longsor di wilayah Kabupaten Blitar melalui analisis kerentanan bencana, kapasitas bencana, dan bahaya yang dipadukan melalui teknik overlay menjadi tingkat risiko bencana tanah longsor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Blitar didominasi oleh area dengan tingkat kerawanan bencana tinggi hingga sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini diharapkan membantu upaya mitigasi pengurangan dampak bencana tanah longsor di Kabupaten Blitar.

Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC., commonly referred to as mountain papaya, belongs to the Caricaceae family and is native to the Andean highlands. In Indonesia, mountain papaya can be found on the Dieng Plateau and has become one of the typical processed products from the Dieng area. The aim of the study is to explore the diversity and phenetic relationship of mountain papaya from the Dieng Plateau based on morphological markers. This study is important to provide information in guiding future conservation efforts. 18 samples were collected from three areas with different altitudes in the Dieng Plateau. In addition, it proved valuable results by elucidating patterns of variation, enabling the identification of distinct groups. A total of 18 samples were collected from three areas with varying altitudes in the Dieng Plateau. Morphological analysis used 22 characters with The Clustering Analysis Method, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Diversity Analysis using Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) software version 3.1A. The results of cluster analysis showed that mountain papaya accessions were grouped into two main clusters and five sub-clusters. Cluster grouping based on sex distribution characters, flower stalk length, and inflorescence density; there is no grouping based on geographical location or altitude. The Shannon's Index Value (H') for mountain papaya shows moderate phenetic diversity. This suggests that the mountain papaya community remains stable within its substrate and its environmental parameters.

The matter of transparency regarding information and data emerges as a pivotal concern in the context of mitigating the COVID-19 epidemic in Indonesia. The regulation of public information transparency in Indonesia is stipulated in Law Number 14 of 2008, which ensures the disclosure of public information. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of the extent to which the Government of Indonesia adheres to the principles outlined in its legislation with regard to the implementation of transparency throughout the pandemic. The approach employed to assess the degree of adherence is normative-empirical analysis. The findings of this research analysis indicate a significant lack of transparency in the public dissemination of COVID-19 information and data in Indonesia. This lack of transparency is inconsistent with the provisions outlined in Law No. 14 of 2008, which governs the publication of public information in the country. The act of downplaying COVID-19 through the dissemination of information, along with the government's decision to withhold comprehensive data, and the prevailing skepticism toward scientific research might be characterized as efforts to impede citizens' access to precise knowledge.

Abstract Background Growing evidence implicates a pro-thrombotic state, caused by ADAMTS13 deficiency, in sepsis-associated organ dysfunction, but pediatric data is limited. Our purpose was to evaluate association of ADAMTS13 with prognosis of pediatric sepsis. Results This was prospective observational study, conducted on 70 children with sepsis and 18 healthy controls. Patients were classified upon Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission into sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups. Serum ADAMTS13 was measured within 24 h of admission. The primary outcome was all-cause PICU mortality. ADAMTS13 was lower among patients than controls [median and interquartile range (IQR): 1.30 (0.88–3.13ng/mL) vs. 6.00 (5.55–6.50 ng/mL); p

This study analyzes the critical role of da'wah in building social awareness, encouraging concrete actions, and empowerment in achieving social justice through a religious approach. The literature research method with a literature analysis review is used in this study as an approach that focuses on extracting, reviewing, and evaluating various literature sources that are relevant to the topic of study. The study's findings stated that da'wah is integral in advancing social awareness, encouraging concrete actions, and forming continuity in the struggle to achieve social justice through a religious approach. With a system based on spiritual values, da'wah can potentially change society's paradigm toward social issues. However, to achieve significant results, da'wah must be seen as an integral component in broader social efforts, focusing on partnerships, local understanding, and patience in overcoming challenges.

The Dieng Plateau is an area used to cultivate Mountain Papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) as a food commodity in Indonesia. Research on diversity and relationships is vital as a first step in Mountain Papaya conservation in the Dieng Plateau. The study aims to determine the genetic diversity and relationship between Mountain Papaya accessions using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences. Fourteen accessions of Mountain Papaya with different sex distributions and altitudes are amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The genetic diversity is analyzed using the DnaSP 5.10.1 program. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach in MEGA 11 is utilized for assessing phylogenetic tree data based on ITS-rDNA regional sequences. With high haplotype diversity (Hd) values of 1.000 ± 0.027 and high nucleotide diversity (π) values of 0.09674 ± 0.00978, Mountain Papaya exhibits a high level of genetic diversity. Three main clades were identified in the phylogram tree based on the 14 ITS-rDNA sequences of Mountain Papaya. The results of this diversity data can support breeding programs intended to boost Mountain Papaya variety production.

Currently the detection of learning styles from the external aspect has not produced optimal results. This research tries to solve the problem by using an internal approach. The internal approach is one that derives from the personality of the learner. One of the personality traits that each learner possesses is prior knowledge. This research starts with the prior knowledge generation process using the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) method. LSI is a technique using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to find meaning in a sentence. LSI works to generate the prior knowledge of each learner. After the prior knowledge is raised, then one can predict learning style using the artificial neural network (ANN) method. The results of this study are more accurate than the results of detection conducted with an external approach.

The no free lunch theory states that no specific heuristic method can effectively solve all problems. This theory has created opportunities for researchers to improve existing heuristic methods or even discover new approaches. One algorithm that has gained considerable attention from researchers is the Symbiotic Organism Search (SOS) algorithm. Its appeal lies in its simplicity and minimal parameter requirements, making it applicable to various problem domains. However, the SOS algorithm also has its limitations. This study focuses on the enhancement of SOS by introducing a modified random weight (MRW) method during the parasitism phase, resulting in the Improved SOS (I-SOS) algorithm. The effectiveness of this algorithm is tested in solving unconstrained problems using 26 benchmark functions and compared to several existing heuristic methods in the literature. The simulation results show that I-SOS outperforms basic SOS as well as several other algorithms.

Disposal of dye wastewater can induce detrimental consequences for human health and the environment. The study aims to synthesize composites consisting of core-shell Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 modified with Ag. The composites comprise a Fe3O4 core, a SiO2 interlayer, and a TiO2 shell, with Ag being mobilized on the surface of the core and shell structures. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2@Ag composite was employed in the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye and antibacterial activity test. The degradation was facilitated by visible light irradiation while considering different factors such as pH solution, the photocatalyst dosage, and the dye's initial concentration. The composite was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The findings indicated that the composite exhibited strong magnetic, measuring 49.4 emu/g, with a band gap of 2.92 eV. The composite showed commendable catalytic properties, with degradation efficiency of 96.52% for Congo red dye under conditions: a pH solution of 4, a dosage of 0.5 g/L, and a dye concentration of 10 mg/L at 100 min of irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation kinetic is align with pseudo-first-order reactions. The composite also exhibits remarkable stability and efficiency with 4.83% decline in degradation efficiency after five cycles. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2@Ag composite exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 250 mg/L. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Research on the study of producing rich beta carotene natural fibers beverage has been done by completely randomized design (CRD) with two replicates. The first factor was the ratio of water spinach stem and melinjo seed skin (S1 = 100:0, S2 = 75:25, S3 = 50:50, S4 = 25:75, S5 = 0:100). The second factor was the addition of carrots juice (W1= 30%, W2= 40%, and W3 = 50%). The parameters observed were fiber content, β-carotene content, water absorption index, oil absorption index, hedonic value of color, flavor and aroma. The statistical analysis was showed that the ratio of water spinach stem and melinjo seed skin provide highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on fiber content, beta carotene content, water absorption index, oil absorption index, hedonic of flavor and aroma as well as had no significant effect (P 0.05) to hedonic of color. The addition of carrot juice provides highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on fiber content, beta-carotene content, water absorption index, oil absorption index, hedonic of aroma, color and flavor.

This study aims to determine the effect of the substitution of tofu flour and corn flour by the addition of sodium bicarbonate in a completely randomized design with two replicates. The first factor is the substitution of tofu flour: corn flour (S) are: S1=100:0, S2=25:75, S3=50:50, S4=75:25, and S5=0:100. The second factor is the effect of adding sodium bicarbonate (P), which consists of three levels, namely: P1=0.00 %, P2=0.20 %, and P3=0.30 %. The observed parameters: protein content, water content, fat content, ash content, and organoleptic texture, color, and flavor. The statistical analysis showed that the substitution of tofu flour: with corn flour provides a highly significant effect (P0.05) on the protein content, water content, fat content, ash content, organoleptic color, flavor, and texture. The effect adding sodium bicarbonate provides a highly significant effect (P0.05) on the protein content, moisture content, fat content, ash content, and organoleptic texture and no significant effect on organoleptic taste and color.

NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO magnetic was successfully synthesized using NiFe2O4, SiO2, and NiO as the core, interlayer, and shell, respectively. NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO under UV light irradiation was used for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye with different pH, catalyst dose, and initial dye concentration. This composite was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDs), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and Point of Zero Charge (pHpzc). The results showed that the composite is a superparamagnetic material with a saturation magnetization value of 44.13 emu/g. It also has a band gap of 2.67 eV with a pHpzc of 6.33. The optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation were at pH of 4; 0.50 g/L catalyst dose, and 10 mg/L initial concentration. NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO degradation efficiency to methyl orange dye was 95.76%. The photocatalytic degradation in different concentrations follows the pseudo-first-order, where the greater the concentration, the smaller the constant rate (k). After five cycles of repeated usage, NiFe2O4/SiO2/NiO has good catalytic performance as well as efficient and favourable of a recyclable photocatalyst. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Case Based Learning (CBL) is learning that is oriented towards effective and interesting problem solving, discussions of specific situations and examples of real events in the business world. The object of the case used is an effort to preserve the environment that affects the business world from an economic, social, political and legal perspective. The activity was carried out at Sungai Karang Mumus School (SKM School), which is located on Jalan Muang Ilir, Betapus Village, Samarinda. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of CBL on the motivation of student learning outcomes. The study used a pre-post-test approach. The total population is 25 students of Master of Management, University of Muhammadiyah East Kalimantan who are members of the environmental management class and use the total sampling technique. Non-parametric statistics, namely the pairing test of the Paired Sample t-test with the Wilcoxon test used in data processing. The results showed that there was a significant difference in student motivation and learning outcomes before applying case-based learning methods and before case-based learning was applied to environmental management courses. Students who are looking to study will have good learning outcomes. Students and then get used to think critically and use prior knowledge in problem solving. This has triggered educators and institutions to apply case-based learning methods as innovative learning.

Abstract Background Nutrition of critically ill children is a frequently ignored issue. The purpose of this study was to describe nutritional practices in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a resource-limited country and evaluate their association with prognosis. Methods This was a prospective observational study, conducted on critically ill children admitted into PICU. Nutritional status was assessed, and nutritional practices (enteral and parenteral) were recorded. The primary outcome was PICU mortality. Results Two hundred twenty-one patients were recruited. Mortality rate was 17.6%. Parenteral nutrition (PN) administration and longer PN duration were associated with mortality (p

Research on motivation of students in speaking English on extracurricular activity has been really conducted but students are still afraid of speaking English.. This manuscript is a research result dealing with motivation of English Education students in Department of Language and Art Education at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tadulako University in speaking English on extracurricular activity. English speaking skill should be developed on extracurricular activity to make ideal atmosphere, but that activity has not been effective yet on all study programs except English Education at that faculty, so that the students have not been able to speak English yet. This research aims at identifying what motivates the university students and how their intention is. Its target is they taste different academic athmosphere to have English skill to interact with English speakers. Respondents of the research were 25 English education students. Its data were collected through Identification (as a procedure) by using Questionnaire (as an instrument) then analysed by using Descriptive Method. The university students join it to be able to communicate in English and get certificate. Those are extrinsic moivation and intrinsic one. Most of them were selfmotivated, so their intrinsic motivations were greater than their extrinsic one. Motivation by themselves or selfmotivator is the greatest. This implies to support decision making in developing English speaking skill of university students. They hopefully carry out and join extracurricular activities to practice their English orally for having English speaking skill proficiently.

This research reports the synthesized CoFe2O4/SiO2/Ag magnetic composite used as a photocatalyst to degrade Congo red dye and antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The catalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS, VSM, UV-DRS, and pHpzc. The effects of photocatalyst dose (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g/L), dye concentration (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L), and irradiation time (0–210 minutes) were all examined as photocatalytic degradation variables. The results showed that the CoFe2O4/SiO2/Ag composite was superparamagnetic with a saturation magnetization of 41.82 emu/g and had a band gap of 1.82 eV. The highest efficiency of decreasing the concentration of Congo red dye of 93.70% was obtained with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, a catalyst dose of 0.5 g/L, and an irradiation time of 180 minutes. This study indicated that the composite had antibacterial properties against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria with the same MIC value of 1.25%. These results indicated that the CoFe2O4/SiO2/Ag composite has significant potential for applications in wastewater treatment.

Halal tourism has received a rejection from several people in Indonesia because it is understood as a form of Islamization of tourism. This rejection is evidence of the lack of literacy in Halal Tourism in the community regarding Halal Tourism. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the rejection of Halal Tourism in several regions of Indonesia and to discover the important role of Halal Tourism literacy in responding to the rejection of Halal Tourism from some communities. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach using document analysis as a data collection technique. The results of this study indicate that Halal Tourism literacy is very important to be able to increase public understanding of Halal Tourism that the concept of Halal Tourism is a universal concept that can be accepted by all religions, societies, cultures, and governments. Halal Tourism Literacy has an important role to socialize that Halal Tourism is not a form of Islamization of tourism but rather an extended service in the tourism industry in Indonesia.

Ikramullah's legendary collection "Jungle" has nine stories in total. The first four stories are based on realism, while the next four stories are symbolic and abstract. An allegorical drama is also part of the book. Human psychology, lust, social injustice, selfishness, poverty, compulsions, hunger, sex desire, virtual love, Man's tampering with nature, human instability are the main themes of these stories. These stories prove that Ikramullah's pen has immense potential for narrative, dialogue, observation, feelings, play of consciousness and subconscious, characterization and imagery. The beauty of all these short stories is that despite the symbolism and abstraction, the story is not lost. This article provides a critical overview of Ikramullah's fictional collection "Jungle".

This article aims to describe the nation-building discourse and movement in Southeast Asia, particularly in Aceh-Indonesia and Pattani-Thailand. The significance of this research lies in the fact that these two regions share similar characteristics. Among them are socio-cultural and religio-political situations as conflict-affected areas with the dynamics of national discourse, and fluctuate views on national integration with the state. Islamic educational institutions in these two regions have contributed significantly in the formation of the nation-state. Dayah in Aceh and Pondok in Pattani not only serve as the centres of Islamic studies and character building for the community, but also function as the stage for social, cultural and political movements. Thus, Dayah and Pondok became the institutions to shape Islamic extremist as well as the agent to strengthen political identity. This article attempts to explain the genealogy of Islamic education and the metamorphosis of national discourse in these two regions. In addition, this article will also reveal the role of local actors in ethno-religious discourses and movements, and the response of the state and its apparatus in efforts to maintain national unity and statehood

Introduction: Stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) is commonly used in Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). However, strong evidence for this practice is lacking and there is a dire need for paediatric randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our aim was to assess the usefulness of SUP with omeprazole in critically ill children. Patients and methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled open-label trial, including 144 children admitted into a PICU with a paediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score of less than 16. We randomly allocated patients to SUP with omeprazole or no SUP. The primary outcome was development of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or nosocomial infection. Results: The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was 27.1%, but clinically significant bleeding developed in only 5.6% of patients. We did not find a significant difference in the incidence of bleeding between the prophylaxis and control groups (27.8% vs 26.4%; P = .85). We also did not find a significant difference between the groups in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (9.6% vs 8.3%; P = .77). The incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) was higher in the prophylaxis group compared to the control group (30.6% vs 12.5%; P = .014). None of the patients developed Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. We did not find significant differences in mortality, length of PICU stay or duration of mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation was an independent predictor of bleeding (OR, 6.4; 95%CI, 2.73–14.9). Conclusion: In PICU patients with mild to moderate organ dysfunction, omeprazole does not seem to be useful for prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding while at the same time increasing the risk of CLABSI. Thus, we recommend restricting SUP to mechanically ventilated children. Resumen: Introducción: La profilaxis de las úlceras por estrés (PUE) se utiliza comúnmente en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (PICU). Sin embargo, no hay pruebas sólidas que apoyen esta práctica y se necesitan urgentemente ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios (ECCA) pediátricos. Nuestro objetivo era evaluar el valor de la PUE con omeprazol en pacientes críticos pediátricos. Pacientes y métodos: Ensayo controlado aleatorio abierto, con inclusión de 144 niños ingresados en la UCI con una puntuación en la escala pediátrica de evaluación del fallo multiorgánico secuencial (pSOFA) inferior a 16. Los pacientes fueron asignados al azar a recibir omeprazol para el PUE o a no recibir profilaxis. La variable de resultado principal fue el desarrollo de hemorragia digestiva alta o infecciones nosocomiales. Resultados: La frecuencia de hemorragia gastrointestinal fue del 27.1%, aunque solo desarrollaron hemorragia clínicamente significativa el 5,6% de los pacientes. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la incidencia de hemorragia entre los grupos de profilaxis y de control (27,8% vs. 26,4%; P = ,85). Tampoco surgieron diferencias significativas en la incidencia de la neumonía asociada al ventilador (NAV) entre ambos grupos (9,6% vs. 8,3%; P = ,77). La incidencia de bacteriemia asociada a catéter venoso central (BACVC) fue mayor en el grupo de profilaxis en comparación con el grupo de control (30,6% vs. 12,5%; P = ,014). Ningún paciente desarrolló diarrea por Clostridium difficile. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la tasa de mortalidad, la duración de la estancia en la UCIP o la duración de la ventilación mecánica. La ventilación mecánica fue un predictor independiente de hemorragia (OR, 6,4; IC 95%: 2,73–14,9). Conclusión: En pacientes ingresados en la UCIP con disfunción orgánica de leve a moderada, el uso de omeprazol parece ineficaz para la prevención del sangrado gastrointestinal a la vez que aumenta el riesgo de BACVC. Se recomienda restringir el PUE a niños sometidos a ventilación mecánica.

Resumen: Introducción: La profilaxis de las úlceras por estrés (PUE) se utiliza comúnmente en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (PICU). Sin embargo, no hay pruebas sólidas que apoyen esta práctica y se necesitan urgentemente ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios (ECCA) pediátricos. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el valor de la PUE con omeprazol en pacientes críticos pediátricos. Pacientes y métodos: Ensayo controlado aleatorizado abierto, con inclusión de 144 niños ingresados en la UCI con una puntuación en la escala pediátrica de evaluación del fallo multiorgánico secuencial (pSOFA) inferior a 16. Los pacientes fueron asignados al azar a recibir omeprazol para el PUE o a no recibir profilaxis. La variable de resultado principal fue el desarrollo de hemorragia digestiva alta o infecciones nosocomiales. Resultados: La frecuencia de hemorragia gastrointestinal fue del 27,1%, aunque solo desarrollaron hemorragia clínicamente significativa el 5,6% de los pacientes. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la incidencia de hemorragia entre los grupos de profilaxis y de control (27,8 vs. 26,4%; p = 0,85). Tampoco surgieron diferencias significativas en la incidencia de la neumonía asociada al ventilador (NAV) entre ambos grupos (9,6 vs. 8,3%; p = 0,77). La incidencia de bacteriemia asociada a catéter venoso central (BACVC) fue mayor en el grupo de profilaxis en comparación con el grupo de control (30,6 vs. 12,5%; p = 0,014). Ningún paciente desarrolló diarrea por Clostridium difficile. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la tasa de mortalidad, la duración de la estancia en la UCIP o la duración de la ventilación mecánica. La ventilación mecánica fue un predictor independiente de hemorragia (OR 6,4; IC 95%: 2,73-14,9). Conclusión: En pacientes ingresados en la UCIP con disfunción orgánica de leve a moderada, el uso de omeprazol parece ineficaz para la prevención del sangrado gastrointestinal a la vez que aumenta el riesgo de BACVC. Se recomienda restringir el PUE a niños sometidos a ventilación mecánica. Abstract: Introduction: Stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) is commonly used in Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). However, strong evidence for this practice is lacking and there is a dire need for paediatric randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our aim was to assess the usefulness of SUP with omeprazole in critically ill children. Patients and methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled open-label trial, including 144 children admitted into a PICU with a paediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score of less than 16. We randomly allocated patients to SUP with omeprazole or no SUP. The primary outcome was development of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or nosocomial infection. Results: The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding was 27.1%, but clinically significant bleeding developed in only 5.6% of patients. We did not find a significant difference in the incidence of bleeding between the prophylaxis and control groups (27.8 vs. 26.4%; p = 0.85). We also did not find a significant difference between the group in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (9.6 vs. 8.3%; p = 0.77). The incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) was higher in the prophylaxis group compared to the control group (30.6% vs. 12.5%; p = 0.014). None of the patients developed Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. We did not find significant differences in mortality, length of PICU stay or duration of mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation was an independent predictor of bleeding (OR 6.4; 95% CI, 2.73-14.9). Conclusion: In PICU patients with mild to moderate organ dysfunction, omeprazole does not seem to be useful for prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding while at the same time increasing the risk of CLABSI. Thus, we recommend restricting SUP to mechanically ventilated children.

Organic acids (3-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-chlorobenzoic acid) were treated with 4-amino-2-chloropyridine and 2-amino-4-chloropyridine as coformers for cocrystallization. Acid/base pairs afforded a cocrystal (3-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-amino-2-chloropyridine, compound 1) and molecular salts (2-amino-4-chloropyridinium 3-chlorobenzoate, 2; 2-amino-4-chloropyridinium 4-chlorobenzoate, 3). The products were characterized with the help of FT-IR, UV/visible spectroscopy, PXRD, and SC-XRD. The position of the Cl-substituent on the phenyl ring was explored with respect to proton transfer between acid/base pairs, and its role in supramolecular chemistry is discussed in detail. The existence of supramolecular assemblies was further reproduced using DFT calculations. Further, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and noncovalent interaction index (NCI) analyses were performed to gain insight into the electronic properties and nature of noncovalent interactions. The prepared compounds were examined for their biological activities against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and were also tested as antioxidant agents (DPPH free radical scavenging). Structural parameters determined experimentally and theoretically are within the expected range, and the biological activities of the resultant compounds are moderate.

The high cost of commercial membranes has boosted the search for alternative materials to be used as a substitute to facilitate the practical application of this technology. One of the most promising alternatives to commercial membranes is ceramic clay-based materials. Their low cost, natural availability, and long-term functional robustness make these cost-effective materials feasible for scaled-up systems. In this work, ceramic membranes containing different amounts of activated carbon were made from oil palm empty-fruit bunch (AC-OPEFB) (20, 15, and 10 wt%) and iron oxide powder (2.5 wt%). These membranes were utilised to remove contaminants of Fe, Mn, Zn, NH3–N, and PO4. The most favourable rejection percentages for each contaminant in this work are 92.03, 97.08, 99.67, 84.56, and 87.10%. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis results show that the membrane surface area has an inverse relationship with AC-OPEFB composition (wt.%) contained in the membrane.

Bio-oil derived from palm empty fruit bunch is not suitable for fuel purpose due to high acidity and low heating. Cr2O3/Zeolite and Cr/C catalysts was developed to upgrade bio-oil through hydrocracking. The catalyst prepared via impregnation method followed by oxidation-reduction. Ammonia and pyridine adsorption used to evaluate acidity as well as crystallinity assessment by using XRD. Hydrocracking reaction conducted in hydrogen gas flow rates 0.5-3.0 L/min, the surface area of Cr/C catalyst found out 1,497.07-1,652.58 m2/g, whilst the temperatures 450 to 700 ℃ and the catalyst weights between 0.5 to 2.5 g. Acidity calculated from ammonia and pyridine adsorption shows Cr2O3/Zeolite has higher value compare to pristine Zeolite. XRD pattern shows Cr2O3/Zeolite has high crystallinity as indicated by sharp and pointed diffraction peaks. The optimum condition of hydrocracking confirmed by lower density of liquid product. The variables obtained by a separate experiments shows that H2 gas flow rate best at 2.5 L/min, temperature of hydrocracking 500 ℃ for Cr2O3/Zeolite and 600oC for Cr/C whereas weight of Cr2O3/Zeolite catalyst is 1.5 g. The Cr/C catalyst that gave low density product possess 1,554.48 m2/g surface area. GCMS data shows increase on the number of straight chain compounds within the hydrocracking product.

Due to their toxicity, Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions in the environment are severe. The hydroxyapatite composite was improved with magnetic MnFe2O4 to remove Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions from an aqueous solution. Hydroxyapatite was extracted from Snakehead (Channa striata) fish bones via alkaline-heat treatment. The hydroxyapatite/MnFe2O4 composite performance was analyzed through XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, BET analysis, and VSM, and the results reveal that the hydroxyapatite/MnFe2O4 composite shows good magnetic properties of 21.95 emu/g. The kinetics evaluation confirmed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was more suitable to describe the adsorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions by hydroxyapatite/MnFe2O4 composite from the solution. The Langmuir isotherm model was suitable to describe the adsorption process of the Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions, where the adsorption capacities for Cd(II) and Ni(II) are 54.3 and 47.4 mg/g, respectively. Desorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions from hydroxyapatite/MnFe2O4 composite using NaCl as the eluent was more effective than EDTA. The findings of this study indicate that hydroxyapatite/MnFe2O4 can reduce Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions in wastewater so that it can recover natural resources.

NiFe2O4 nanoparticles had been successfully synthesized by solution combustion method using urea fuel (organic precursor). The synthesized NiFe2O4 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDs), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and Point of Zero Charge (pHpzc). NiFe2O4 nanoparticles irradiated with visible light were employed to degrade Congo red dye with the following variable: solution pH (3–8), H2O2 concentration (0.5–3 mM), and Congo red concentration (100–600 mg/L). XRD analysis results showed that the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles had a cubic spinel structure. The particle sizes are in the range of 10–40 nm. The magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles determined using VSM showed a magnetization saturation value of 47.32 emu/g. UV-Vis DRS analysis indicated that NiFe2O4 nanoparticles had an optical band gap of 1.97 eV. The success of synthesis was also proven by the EDS analysis results, which showed that the synthesized NiFe2O4 nanoparticles composed of Ni, Fe, and O elements. The removal efficiency of Congo red dye was 96.80% at the following optimum conditions: solution pH of 5.0, H2O2 concentration of 2 mM, Congo red dye concentration of 100 mg/L, and contact time of 60 min. The study of the photodegradation kinetics follows a pseudo-first order reaction with a rate constant value of 0.0853 min−1. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Bagasse is the solid waste derived from the sugar-making process. A large amount of silica in bagasse is a potential source of silica. In this study, extraction of silica from bagasse was carried out in the following steps: pretreatment of bagasse using HCl solution, followed by calcination at varying temperatures (700℃, 800℃, and 900℃) using a furnace. Furthermore, extraction using NaOH solution and precipitation using HCl. Silica characteristics were obtained using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS), and BET surface area. The results showed that calcination temperature affected the characteristics of the silica produced. The silica extracted at 700℃ produced an amorphous phase with a broad peak at an angle of 2θ = 20-24°. It contained the most considerable silica content and surface area, 42.46% and 796.89 cm2/g, respectively. The extracted silica had an average diameter of 5.67 mm and a pore volume of 1.184 cm3/g.

Abstract Background COVID-19 has stroke Brazil harshly, deaths by COVID-19 in Brazil represent almost 13% of the total deaths by COVID-19 in the world, even though Brazilian population represents only 2.6% of the world population. Our aim in this study was to evaluate death and intubation outcomes and risk factors associated with COVID-19, and treatment options focusing on diabetes patients and the use of metformin pre-admission and during hospitalization. Methods In this Brazilian single-center study we evaluated 1170 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Diabetes patients (n = 188) were divided based on their use of pre-hospital and in-hospital metformin (non-met-group and met-group). Results In the total cohort most comorbidities were risk factors for orotracheal intubation and death. The use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine was significantly associated with increased death and intubation risk in uni- and multivariate analysis. Diabetes patients showed worst clinical feature compared with non-diabetes patients. In-hospital non-met-group had increased mortality (20.5%) compared to met-group (3.5%) (p = 0.0002) and univariable cox proportion hazard regression indicated in-hospital metformin reduced mortality (HR = 0.325, p = 0.035). Patients that used pre-hospital metformin showed lower severity parameters at hospital admission. (met-group: 2.45 ± 2.5; non-met-group: 4.25 ± 3.4). In all the groups older patients showed more severe clinical conditions and high risk of death and intubation. Conclusion Even though this is a single-center study, results from other reports have shown a similar trend, indicating that patients that used metformin during hospitalization have a better prognosis and reduced risk of death.

Tolak bala is a religious tradition of the people of Parepare City which is still practiced in several mosques and aims to keep themselves and their families away from all disasters. Tradition that describes a form of religious and cultural adaptation in society. This study tries to describe the form and process of adaptation of da'wah in the implementation of the tradition of rejecting reinforcements which shows the modification of Islamic values on the subject, procession and representation of symbols through the theory of cultural adaptation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach to describe various conditions and social phenomena that occur in the people of Parepare City. Data were collected through the process of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate a modification of Islamic values in the implementation of the tradition of tolak bala carried out by the people of Parepare City. This modification shows that the adaptation of the concept of da'wah bil hal in the intercorrelation of Islam and local culture is not contradictory, but complementary. This harmonization facilitates the transformation of da'wah values in society.