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14. Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Youth With and Without Chronic Pain.

Author

Law, Emily F., Bromberg, Maggie H., Noel, Melanie, Groenewald, Cornelius, Murphy, Lexa K., and Palermo, Tonya M.

Subjects
UNDERAGE drinking, TOBACCO use, TEENAGERS, CHRONIC pain, PREFRONTAL cortex, LONELINESS in adolescence
Abstract

Objective To compare rates of alcohol and tobacco use in youth with and without chronic pain and to identify risk factors for use. Methods Participants included 186 youth (95 mixed chronic pain; 91 without chronic pain; 12–18 years old) who reported current alcohol and tobacco use, pain intensity, activity limitations, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. Results Adolescents with chronic pain were less likely to use alcohol compared with adolescents without chronic pain (7.4% vs. 22%), and as likely to use tobacco (9% vs. 8%). Across groups, youth with higher depressive symptoms, less loneliness, and fewer activity limitations were more likely to endorse alcohol and tobacco use. Exploratory analyses revealed that risk factors for substance use differed among youth with and without chronic pain. Conclusions Chronic pain may not increase risk for tobacco and alcohol use in adolescents. Research is needed to understand use of other substances in this medically vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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15. Observed Macro- and Micro-Level Parenting Behaviors During Preadolescent Family Interactions as Predictors of Adjustment in Emerging Adults With and Without Spina Bifida.

Author

Murray, Caitlin B., Amaro, Christina M., Devine, Katie A., Psihogios, Alexandra M., Murphy, Lexa K., and Holmbeck, Grayson N.

Subjects
PARENTING, CHILD rearing, PARENT-child relationships, PRETEENS, SPINA bifida, ATTITUDE (Psychology)
Abstract

Objective To examine observed autonomy-promoting and -inhibiting parenting behaviors during preadolescence as predictors of adjustment outcomes in emerging adults with and without spina bifida (SB). Methods Demographic and videotaped interaction data were collected from families with 8/9-year-old children with SB (n = 68) and a matched group of typically developing youth (n = 68). Observed interaction data were coded with macro- and micro-coding schemes. Measures of emerging adulthood adjustment were collected 10 years later (ages 18/19 years; n = 50 and n = 60 for SB and comparison groups, respectively). Results Autonomy-promoting (behavioral control, autonomy-relatedness) and -inhibiting (psychological control) observed preadolescent parenting behaviors prospectively predicted emerging adulthood adjustment, particularly within educational, social, and emotional domains. Interestingly, high parent undermining of relatedness predicted better educational and social adjustment in the SB sample. Conclusions Parenting behaviors related to autonomy have long-term consequences for adjustment in emerging adults with and without SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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16. How does pain work? A qualitative analysis of how young adults with chronic pain conceptualise the biology of pain

Author

Hayley B. Leake, G. Lorimer Moseley, Lexa K. Murphy, Caitlin B. Murray, Tonya M. Palermo, Lauren C. Heathcote, Leake, Hayley B, Moseley, G Lorimer, Murphy, Lexa K, Murray, Caitlin B, Palermo, Tonya M, and Heathcote, Lauren C

Subjects
young adults, childhood-onset chronic pain, pain science education, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, chronic pain, PSE
Abstract

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Background: Pain science education (PSE) is commonly integrated into treatments for childhood-onset chronic pain. A core component of PSE is learning about, and often reconceptualizing, the biology of chronic pain. Yet, few interventions have been developed specifically for young adults and little is known about how young adults conceptualize the biology of pain. This study used a qualitative methodology to examine how young adults with childhood-onset chronic pain understand the biology of pain, and the language they use in this meaning-making process, which may inform future interventions tailored to this age group. Methods: We identified a cohort of young adults with childhood onset chronic pain, and a subset of 17 young adults with continuing chronic pain completed individual, semi-structured interviews. Telephone interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: We generated four themes that capture participants' conceptualizations of the biology of pain: (1) Something is wrong with the body, (2) An injury has not healed, (3) Nerves fire when they should not, (4) An overactive stress system. Conclusion: These conceptualizations, and the language used by young adults with childhood-onset chronic pain to describe them are discussed. Recommendations are provided for how PSE interventions can be tailored for young adults. Significance: This study provides new qualitative insights reflecting a variety of ways that young adults with childhood-onset chronic pain conceptualize pain. Some conceptualizations of pain align with modern pain science principles (altered function of nervous and endocrine systems) while others conflict (unhealed injury). Health professionals can use these findings to tailor their pain education interventions by leveraging concepts that ‘stick’ for youth, being aware of, and interrogating, common misconceptions, and offering language and metaphors familiar to youth.

Published
2022

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