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The paper is devoted to the problems of improving the system of training and expertise of scientific personnel in the field of library and information sciences. The relevance is due to the decrease in the quality of dissertation research in library science, bibliography and book studies due to the insufficient readiness of young scientific personnel for research activities. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the competence–based approach as the methodological basis for the theoretical design of candidate exam programs and to offer practical tools appropriate for assessing the level of readiness of applicants for the degree of Candidate of Sciences for scientific work in the specialty 5.10.4 – Library Science, bibliography and book studies. The definition of the candidate’s exam in line with the competence approach is given, a system of competence guidelines in the training of graduate students on the specialty 5.10.4 is formed. The control and measuring materials of the candidate’s examination in the specialty 5.10.4, developed and implemented at the Moscow State Institute of Culture, are presented. They are ready for implementation into educational and expert practices of other universities and scientific organizations.

Background: The article presents experimental studies conducted on Wistar rats in the amount of 50 individuals. An artificial gum recession defect was created.Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of creating a gum recession model in the proposed way.Material and methods: Experimental animals at the beginning of the study had an intact oral mucosa: pale pink color, without pathological changes. An experimental model of gum recession was created by excision of V-shaped periodontal tissues from the vestibular surface in the area of the lower jaw incisors of a rat, then a DispodentPak No. 000 retraction thread was applied in the area of the lower central incisors in the circular ligament of the tooth to a depth of 1.5 mm, and Vitrebond dental glass ionomer cement was applied to the vestibular surface of the neck of the tooth of the lower incisors, with at the same time, prednisone is administered intramuscularly at the rate of 12 mg / kg of animal weight on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day. For the experiment, female white rats in the amount of 50 individuals were used as a model. All animals were divided into 2 groups depending on the method of creating a gum recession defect. In the control group of rats, the defect was created according to the standard procedure by conducting a V-shaped incision.Results: When creating the proposed model of experimental gum recession, the clinical and pathomorphological picture is achieved under the influence of local factors: V-shaped gum incision, retraction thread, dental glass ionomer cement. To suppress the processes of self-regeneration of the gums, the optimal dose of prednisone is administered.Conclusions: On the 3rd day of the experiment, a V-shaped defect was observed in animals. On the 10th day, clinical signs of gum recession are determined: a defect with a depth of 2 mm. The average depth of recession in animals was (2 ± 1.7 mm). A relatively short process of modeling a gum recession (no more than a month). In this case, a local lesion of the gum is created, not burdened by any other pathology in the animal, and having both local and general (stress) pathogenetic factors, against the background of changes in the reactivity of the organism, which corresponds to the modern theory of the occurrence of recession as a polyethological disease in humans.

The discovery of stem cells is considered one of the most important achievements of mankind. The ability of any stem cells to produce different cell types makes them a very convenient system for studying the molecular genetic events that cause cell differentiation. Due to their ability to differentiate into any tissue, stem cells can be used to treat a huge number of diseases. Therefore, the comprehensive study of stem cells is one of the most relevant and promising areas of modern medicine.

Unsolved methodological problems of creating a single digital knowledge space are considered. The challenges and offers solutions in the selection area of information modelling and reflection, dialectic of individual and system objects in the structure UDSSK, industry-specific and differentiated approaches in designing UDSSK.

The use of lyophilization as a means of preserving commercial properties of the dried live plague vaccine is closely linked to a number ofresistant microbial cells surviving in the preparation after microbial population exposure to such stress action. Lyophilized live vaccine efficiency, even without violation of storage rules at low temperatures (4 ± 2 – 6 ± 2 оС), decreases gradually due to death of live cells of microorganisms forming the base of a vaccine. Aim: The aim of this study was to enhance resistance of the reference vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV of NIIEG lineage to freeze-drying in vacuum (lyophilization) by different techniques: the use of lyophilization process per se as a selection factor, resistant clone selection from populations of strains which underwent single, double and triple lyophiliation, strain culturing at low temperatures (4 ± 2 – 6 ± 2 °С). Summary and conclusion: It was demonstrated that after double and triple lyophilization the Y. pestis EV strain resistance to the process increased by 3–3.5 times. Clonal selection of twice and three times lyophilized variant facilitated detection of resistant clones and stabilization of this property.The clones selected were characterized by increased immunogenicity, high heat stability, as well as by increased duration of vaccine efficiency (by 2.3 times). A psychrophilic variant of Y. pestis EV strain was obtained in vitro acquiring higher resistance to lyophilization (in 2 times or more) in comparison with the reference strain. The number of psychrophilic variant cells surviving post-liophilization was higher in comparison with the commercial strain. Thus the methods used in this study for selection of strains and clones with the highest resistance to lyophilization from Y. pestis EV reference strain population showed a significant potential for quality improvement of dried live plague vaccine. So, the possibility of receiving of a vaccine of more high quality by means of the ways of selection explained in our work is experimentally confirmed. Effectiveness of these ways creates prerequisites for their use in production of a live plague vaccine.

At present there is strong evidence of the long-term persistence of Yersinia pestis in soil during interepizootic period in nonculturable and L-forms of bacteria. This information helps to reveal the mechanisms of emergence, establishment and extinction of plague foci. Deciphering causes of transformation of plague microbe in rodent burrows is possible only under condition of detailed study of biocenotic relations of plague causative agent with each of the multiple biocenosis components, including microorganisms -permanent inhabitants of the burrow microbiotopes in natural plague foci. Purpose of the study: Study of interactions of microscopic fungi-micromycetes iso-lated from burrow microbiotopes of great gerbil and little souslik in the Ural-Emba interfluve and in Nogai steppe with plague agent and its vectors. Materials and methods: The effect of 74 micromycete species, isolated in natural plague foci, on Yersinia pestis virulent strains was studied in vitro and in vivo (in organisms of X. skrjabini fleas). In the experiments in vitro fungi metabolites were applied on the lawns of Y. pestis test-cultures with subsequent recording of the size of lysed zones. Fleas were challenged in tubes with filtering-paper strips impregnated by fungal cultural liquid and then LT100 value was calculated. In the experiments in vivo fungus conidia were applied on the surface of insect cuticle; flea challenging with plague was carried out on agonizing white mice infected by plague microbe. Insect challenge with plague and fungal conidia was alternated in different succession. Results and discussion: Of 74 micromycete strains 78.4% produced antagonistic effect in relation to 1-5 Y. pestis strains. Ashergillus versicolor, A. clavatus, A. sulfereus, Mucor racematus, Penicillium baarnensens, P. sp. relative to P. charlesii, P. sp. relative to P. martensii, P. insectus, P. chrysogenum fungi induced growth suppression of all five test strains of Y. pestis. High antibiotic activity of fungi metabolites was accompanied by insecticidal activity against Xenopsylla skrjabini fleas. Microscopic fungi P. funiculosum, P. cyclopium, P. chrisogenum, P. charlesii. P. canescens, A. versicolor induced 100% flea death on 4-6 day. As a result of insect pretreatment by conidia of P. funiculosum with subsequent challenging with plague microbe block formation in fleas decreased 14 times, and the number of Y. pestis cells after 12 days was 25-33 times less independent of succession, in which insects were challenged with microorganisms. Conclusion. It is supposed that micromycetes could play an important role in natural plague foci, adjusting epizootic activity of plague vectors and causative agent.

The article main idea is to search a new theoretical-methodological tool to explore the position of the library profession in the modern society. As an alternative to structural-functional and traditional social-institutional approaches in librarianship the author offers a neoinstitutional approach and considers the library profession as a modern social institution. It proves that reproduction of the library as a social institution in modern conditions is the result of qualified activity of the library professionals; the structure of library practices is created in the interaction zone of meanings, norms and authorities. Not the structure affects a librarian, but a librarian as an actor can interact with the structure or oppose it, meanwhile the reproduction of social relations possessing relevant characteristics takes place. The author shows how a number of contemporary issues of librarianship is determined by contradictions between the structure reproducing the library only as an institution of material culture, and the librarian as an actor owning both traditions and ideas, beliefs, theories of new content. To study the library profession positions in the occupational structure of modern society a specific instrument - the differentiation of subjects of social action - is applied. At the junction of neoinstitutional and polysystemic approaches at least three pairs of «high resource - low resource subjects» can be distinguished, which determine the content of modern library practices: the status distribution in the chain «a librarian - a mass actor», the professional community differentiation in terms of status-role differences, studying the balance of forces across the information infrastructure of society.

The paper examines the harmonization of information-library education and a new nomenclature of training directions approved by order of the Ministry of Science and education in Russia 12.09.2013 № 1061 («On the list of specialties and fields of training of higher education approval»). This topic is related to the acutest and most relevant theoretical problem of modern library science, namely to define the essence of the library profession. The purpose of the authors is to show that the library profession place in this list is determined by the content and direction of higher education in this sphere, its competency benchmarks. The article designates gaps of librarian training in the system of cultural education and the complexity of forming the systemic view on a united information space, reveals the complex of scientific-bibliographic, scientometric competencies, professional readiness to work with certain types of information resources and categories of users, mastering modern technologies of information-library services. A special attention is paid to the English-language training of the future librarian at the university. It is proved that he should learn a foreign language not only at the level of general cultural and professional competence sufficient to communicate on professional topics. In addition it is important to have the ability for professional work with information resources, to carry out basic information processes in foreign languages. The idea of forming new competences resulting as the expansion of traditional understanding of library, overcoming the collection locality, opportunities and demand of remote access, opening Russian libraries and information centers collections, information files and flows for foreign readers is developed. The practical results of the research are forms and methods of English-language training of future librarians as information specialists.