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Under the direction of Professor Premilla Nadasen at Barnard College, the course “Mississippi Semester,” brings together a small group of undergraduate students in a collaborative action-driven project with Mississippi Low-Income Child-Care Initiative, an advocacy organization of women on welfare and child-care providers, based in Biloxi, MS. Students worked closely with members of Mississippi Low-Income Child-Care Initiative to develop an Economic Security Index for women in Mississippi which the organization will use to educate their constituency and to further their advocacy work.. We have partnered with the Barnard Empirical Reasoning Center to utilize census data and GIS to digitally map the information. We spent seven days in Mississippi to participate in community meetings to get feedback on the economic security index, conduct interviews with residents about their experiences with poverty, and meet with state legislators. Upon returning to New York, students engaged in post-trip recalibration of the index and prepare op-eds for publication. In addition to the history of welfare, students learned survey and interview techniques, GIS mapping, how to write op-eds and will develop a relationship with low-income women. This is an example of how collective community/faculty/student collaboration can equip students with concrete skills and teach them about public policy and community organizing, while simultaneously providing a service to an under-resourced organization. Though this course focused on the state of child care, race relations, economic inequality, and welfare in Mississippi, it offers a new pedagogical approach that can be used as a template for students and educators who desire to engage with contemporary social justice issues. This class flipped the traditional classroom because it was organized around the needs of the community organization rather than an academic research agenda and laid the foundation for a long-term campus-community collaboration. In addition to fostering greater understanding between those inside and outside the academy, it presents a horizontal and collaborative relationship between teacher and students, in which students took charge of and provided leadership around various components of this project. In this way, the course offered multiple approaches to contributing to a social justice agenda.

Geographic concentration of coastal tourism and its associated development impacts are strongly associated with proximity to the littoral zone. Concurrently, this is an area where normative collaboration, policy and science rarely coincide. Poor understandings of interlinks between coastal ecosystems by both pu blic and private entities has led to short-sighted tourist investment which fails to consider beach capacity or resource constraints. The results are the loss of ecosystem services which critically impair the resilience of coastlines, making them susceptible to natural and climate-related risks. Concerns and contestations over natura l resources are entrenched in ecological, economic and social dynamics. However tourism tends to favour the economic, which is inadequate. The potential for high-income, mass and ecotourism is huge along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline which is relatively undeveloped. The objective of this study emphasizes a participatory risk assessment of the tourism sector by interrogating land use-ecology interactions as necessary for optimal relationships between coastal uses and protection of coastal ecosystems. Key findings reveal that there are stressors acti ng cumulatively on individual ecosystems, thus the need to adopt a strategic view to management. Furthermore, the tourism footprint emerged as being larger than the industry itself, implying the potential benefits of integ ration across different sectors, stakeholders and legislation along the coast, with regard to tourism and its associated development.

This article provides information on an aspect of the author’s research on colored women’s experiences of breast cancer and deals specifically with events immediately before and after the initial diagnosis. The experiences of this group of South African women have remained largely undocumented. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 colored women. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The main themes that emerged relate to the discovery of the lump, reaction time, response to diagnosis, the question of whether a lumpectomy or a mastectomy should be conducted, counseling and family reactions. The findings show, inter alia, that these women are not accorded sufficient time to deal with the magnitude of the diagnosis and that access to appropriate counseling is insufficient. This study has implications for health professionals and for women in general and suggests further areas of investigation within the field of breast cancer research.

Objectives: Many patients with type 2 diabetes are uncontrolled on maximum oral treatment. The early introduction of insulin can lower diabetes-related complications. The purpose of this study was to explore the reasons behind a perceived reluctance of patients with type 2 diabetes to commence insulin therapy despite objective evidence for the augmentation of oral treatment with insulin. Secondary objectives were to review the demographic data of these patients, to review the patients' knowledge of their disease and of insulin and to compare the knowledge and difficulties of those who agreed to be initiated on insulin with that of those who refused.Design: The study used an observational analytical design. All uncontrolled patients with type 2 diabetes on maximum oral therapy were interviewed using face-to-face interviews with open- and closed-ended questions.Setting and subjects: The study was conducted over a three-month period at the Phoenix Community Health Centre, a state-run institution, in ...

This article traces the history of domestic worker organizing in the U.S. It challenges the long-standing assumption that these—primarily women of color—cleaners, nannies, and elder care providers are unorganizable and assesses the possibilities and limitations of recent organizing efforts. The nature of the occupation—its location in the home, the isolated character of the work, informal arrangements with employers, and exclusions from labor law protection—has fostered community-based, social movement organizing to build coalitions, reform legislation and draw public attention to the plight of domestic workers. Their successes, as well as the obstacles they encounter, hold lessons for other low-wage service sector workers in a new global economy. Domestic workers have integrated an analysis of race, class, culture, and gender—a form of social justice feminism—into their praxis, thus formulating innovative class-based strategies. Yet long-term reform has remained elusive because of their limited power to shape state policy.

Total reaction cross sections, σ R , on Si were measured near 40 A MeV for the proton-halo candidate 12 N and the two-proton-halo candidate 17 Ne, and were compared with σ R for other light proton-rich nuclei. The A -dependence shows enhanced σ R 's for 12 N and 17 Ne, relative to their neighbors, but the effect is smaller than for 8 B which has been argued to have a proton halo. In general, nuclei with loosely bound last protons ( S p ⩽ 1.5 MeV) have significantly larger σ R 's than their neighbors. Cross sections for charge-removal from 12 N and 17 Ne also were obtained.

Fission fragment (FF), intermediate mass fragment (IMF), and light charged particle (LCP) production have been measured in 40 Ar + 232 Th collisions at E = 15–115 AMeV with the Michigan State University 4π Array. Trends in IMF and LCP production and in calculated excitation energy indicate there is no saturation in the deposited energy in central collisions of this system in the bombarding energy range studied.

We have investigated the utility of high-order azimuthal correlation functions as probes of collective motion from both rotation and flow at intermediate energies. Reaction simulations indicate new and distinct signatures for rotational collective motion which are important for its characterization and its distinction from collective flow. For the system Ar + Sc(35−115A MeV), experimental high-order correlation functions are used for a clear demonstration of the disappearance of collective flow at 93±4 A MeV. The method is direct and circumvents reaction-plane assignment.

High energy photons ( E γ ⩾30 MeV) have been measured in coincidence with light particles observed in a multidetector array for the 40 Ar+ 51 V system at a bombarding energy of E A =65 MeV . Double differential cross sections were obtained as a function of the midrapidity charge representation of the centrality of the collision. The inverse slope parameter increases with centrality more strongly than predicted by a BUU model.

The (He-3, t) charge-exchange reaction has been studied at theta = 0-degree-C and bombarding energies of E(He-3) = 76.5 MeV and 200 MeV. Spectra were measured using magnetic analysis for target nuclei of C-12, C-13, O-16, F-19, Si-28, Si-29, Si-30, Zr-90, Sn-117, Sn-120, (nat)Ta, (nat)W, Au-197, Pb-208, Th-230, Th-232, U-234, U-236, U-238 and Pu-244. The measurements at 76.5 MeV concentrated on the isobaric analog states of several actinide nuclei, particularly on their widths and the branching ratios for proton decay. Cross sections, Q-values and total widths were determined for the transitions to the isobaric analog states. Coulomb displacement energies derived from the measured Q-values display the influence of deformed nuclear shapes. Escape widths GAMMA-up and spreding widths GAMMA-down of the isobaric analog states in five actinide nuclei were deduced from the measured proton-decay branching ratios. They were found to be in agreement with predictions which postulate isospin mixing via the Coulomb force with the (T0-1)-component of the isovector giant monopole resonance. The measurements at 200 MeV were concerned with transitions to isobaric analog states in both light and heavy nuclei, including several actinide nuclei, but Gamow-Teller resonances and transitions to numerous other states were also observed. The measured cross sections for several transitions to isobaric analog states from Si-30 to Pb-208 were used to extract the effective interaction V(tau) for non-spin-flip (He-3, t) charge exchange at E(He-3) almost-equal-to 200 MeV. The interaction strength V(tau) decreases by a factor 0.6 when compared to previously measured values for the energy range E(He-3) = 65 to 90 MeV. An angular distribution from theta(t) = 0-degree to 16-degrees for the transition to the isobaric analog state in Sb-120 measured at E(He-3) = 200 MeV was found to be in very good agreement with microscopic calculations.

A Si detector telescope, in which alternating thick and thin Si elements served as both targets and detectors, was used to measure the energy dependence of the inclusive one-proton-removal cross sections ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1p}$ of $^{8}\mathrm{B}$, $^{9}\mathrm{C}$, and $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ on a Si target. A similar detector telescope was used to measure both ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1p}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2p}$ for $^{9}\mathrm{C}$; ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2p}$ of $^{9}\mathrm{C}$ is more than twice as large as ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1p}$ of $^{9}\mathrm{C}$ and almost as large as ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1p}$ of $^{8}\mathrm{B}$. The measurements were compared with shell model calculations using eikonal reaction theory. The quenching factors ${R}_{s}$ (the ratio of the measurement to the theoretical prediction) for $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ and $^{9}\mathrm{C}$ were near unity, as at higher energies. They also agreed with those measured recently for those nuclei on a C target at $75\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$. For $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ the quenching is greater with ${R}_{s}=0.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$. This is comparable to the value $0.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ deduced at energies above $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{GeV}∕\text{nucleon}$.

First edition, printed version 2003Second edition, electronic version 2018

Generalized isoscaling relationships are proposed that may permit one to relate the isotopic distributions of systems that may not be at the same temperature. The proposed relationships are applied to multifragmentation excitation functions for central Kr+Nb and Ar+Sc collisions., 20 pages, 5 figures

The energy at which the collective transverse flow in the reaction plane disappears, the balance energy ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{bal}}$, is found to increase linearly as a function of impact parameter for $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$${+}^{45}$Sc reactions. Comparison of our measured values of ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{bal}}$(b) with predictions from quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) model calculations agrees better with an approach incorporating momentum dependence in the nuclear mean field. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Collective transverse flow of nuclear matter was measured as a function of the ratio of neutrons to protons ( $N/Z$) of the interacting system for the first time. The collisions of three isotopically pure beams of $A\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}58\mathrm{nuclei}$ with two $A\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}58\mathrm{targets}$ were studied at 55 MeV/nucleon. The results for the flow variables demonstrate the sensitivity of transport models to elementary aspects of the nucleon-nucleon collisions.

We have experimentally studied small impact parameter heavy-ion collisions in the (nearly) symmetry entrance channels $^{12}\mathrm{C}$${+}^{12}$C, $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$${+}^{27}$Al, $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$${+}^{45}$Sc, $^{84}\mathrm{Kr}$${+}^{93}$Nb, and $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$${+}^{139}$La, each at many intermediate beam energies. The results from a number of analyses based on a projection of the ``shapes'' of the experimental events called the sphericity are presented. Comparisons of the relative efficiencies of various experimental methods for the selection of central events are made. The importance of autocorrelations between the sphericity and the various impact-parameter--dependent variables is evaluated. Searches for beam energy-dependent transitions from sequential binary disassembly to multifragmentation in the central events are described. Comparisons to dynamic and hybrid model code calculations will be discussed. The average sphericities of the intermediate mass fragments (IMF's, for which 3\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\lesssim}20), are presented. The possibility that the IMF emission occurs following the formation of transient toroidal or disk-like geometries in the central events is explored. Increases in the average sphericities of the central events for increasing beam energies are observed which is attributed to transitions from sequential binary disassembly to multifragmentation. The transitional beam energies for the central $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$${+}^{45}$Sc, $^{84}\mathrm{Kr}$${+}^{93}$Nb, and $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$${+}^{139}$La reactions are near \ensuremath{\sim}50, \ensuremath{\sim}40, and \ensuremath{\sim}40 MeV/nucleon, respectively.

Fission-like fragments and coincident charged particles have been measured in a 4π geometry over a wide energy range (15–115 A MeV) for the reaction 40 Ar+ 232 Th. The exclusive folding angle distribution data provide direct evidence that fission-like processes following incomplete-fusion are still an appreciable exit channel for beam energies as high as 115 A MeV.