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Marine pollution research in the last 15 years focused on an emerging anthropogenic contaminant: plastic debris and more specifically, microplastics. Since, not only its physical impacts on marine invertebrates were studied, but also its additives. Phthalate, a plasticizer commonly found in the ocean and known endocrine disruptor was already observed in different aquatic invertebrates, but few is known about its presence and possible effects in Porifera physiology. Our study aimed to analyze potential shifts in Hymeniacidon heliophila (Desmosponge) microbiome after exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most common phthalate found in the ocean, in three different doses for 4 and 24 h. Results indicate that alpha diversity had significantly changed between control and exposed organisms but not in all multicomparisons. Microbial community structure changed after exposure as well although most abundant phyla did not vary along the experiment. The core microbiome between control and each exposed organisms contained the vast majority of total ASVs and a few ASVs were exclusive to each experimental group. After DEHP exposure, microbial classes had significant changes and species with phthalate degradation enzymes were identified in a specifically dose dependent manner pointing to a possible bacterial consortium responsible for the phthalate degradation. The bacterial detoxification activity may lead to H. heliophila resistance during DEHP exposure in polluted environmental conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

While bacterial and archaeal communities of sponges are intensively studied, given their importance to the animal's physiology as well as sources of several new bioactive molecules, the potential and roles of associated protists remain poorly known. Historically, culture-dependent approaches dominated the investigations of sponge-protist interactions. With the advances in omics techniques, these associations could be visualized at other equally important scales. Of the few existing studies, there is a strong tendency to focus on interactions with photosynthesizing taxa such as dinoflagellates and diatoms, with fewer works dissecting the interactions with other less common groups. In addition, there are bottlenecks and inherent biases in using primer pairs and bioinformatics approaches in the most commonly used metabarcoding studies. Thus, this review addresses the issues underlying this association, using the term "microeukaryome" to refer exclusively to protists associated with an animal host. We aim to highlight the diversity and community composition of protists associated with sponges and place them on the same level as other microorganisms already well studied in this context. Among other shortcomings, it could be observed that the biotechnological potential of the microeukaryome is still largely unexplored, possibly being a valuable source of new pharmacological compounds, enzymes and metabolic processes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Background and Purpose: Delirium is an acute and fluctuating impairment of attention, cognition, and behavior. Although common in stroke, studies that associate the clinical subtypes of delirium with functional outcome and death are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the influence of delirium occurrence and its different motor subtypes over stroke patients' prognosis., Methods: Prospective cohort of stroke patients with symptom onset within 72 hours before research admission. Delirium was diagnosed by Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit, and its motor subtypes were defined according to the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale. The main outcome was functional dependence or death (modified Rankin Scale>2) at 90 days comparing: delirium versus no delirium patients; and between motor subtypes. Secondary outcomes included modified Rankin Scale score >2 at 30 days and 90-day-mortality., Results: Two hundred twenty-seven patients were enrolled. Delirium occurred in 71 patients (31.3%), with the hypoactive subtype as the most frequent, in 41 subjects (57.8%). Delirium was associated with increased risk of death and functional dependence at 30 and 90 days and higher 90-day mortality. Multivariate analysis showed delirium (odds ratio, 3.28 [95% CI, 1.17-9.22]) as independent predictor of modified Rankin Scale >2 at 90 days., Conclusions: Delirium is frequent in stroke patients in the acute phase. Its occurrence-specifically in mixed and hypoactive subtypes-seems to predict worse outcomes in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first study to prospectively investigate differences between delirium motor subtypes over functional outcome three months poststroke. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between motor subtypes of delirium and functional outcomes in the context of acute stroke.