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4. Spectroscopic sizing of interstellar icy grains with JWST

Author

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Dutch Research Council, Royal Astronomical Society, Space Telescope Science Institute (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministry of Education (Taiwan), National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Danish National Research Foundation, European Commission, Dartois, E. [0000-0003-1197-7143], Noble, J. A. [0000-0003-4985-8254], Caselli, P. [0000-0003-1481-7911], Fraser, H. J. [0000-0003-0972-1595], Jiménez-Serra, I. [0000-0003-4493-8714], Maté, Belén [0000-0002-5478-8644], McClure, M. K. [0000-0003-1878-327X], #NODATA#, Pendleton, Y. J. [0000-0001-8102-2903], Sturm, J. A. [0000-0002-0377-1316], Taillard, A. [0009-0006-9236-7978], Wakelam, V. [0000-0001-9676-2605], Boogert, A. C.A. [0000-0001-9344-0096], Drozdovskaya, M. N. [0000-0001-7479-4948], Erkal, J. [0000-0002-8476-1389], Harsono, D. [0000-0001-6307-4195], Ioppolo, S. [0000-0002-2271-1781], Linnartz, H. [0000-0002-8322-3538], McGuire, B. A. [0000-0003-1254-4817], Perotti, G. [0000-0002-8545-6175], Rocha, W. R.M. [0000-0001-6144-4113], Dartois, E., Noble, J. A., Caselli, P., Fraser, H. J., Jiménez-Serra, I., Maté, Belén, McClure, M. K., Melnick, G. J., Pendleton, Y. J., Shimonishi, T., Smith, Z. L., Sturm, J. A., Taillard, A., Wakelam, V., Boogert, A. C.A., Drozdovskaya, M. N., Erkal, J., Harsono, D., Herrero, Víctor J., Ioppolo, S., Linnartz, H., McGuire, B. A., Perotti, G., Qasim, D., Rocha, W. R.M., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Dutch Research Council, Royal Astronomical Society, Space Telescope Science Institute (US), Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministry of Education (Taiwan), National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Danish National Research Foundation, European Commission, Dartois, E. [0000-0003-1197-7143], Noble, J. A. [0000-0003-4985-8254], Caselli, P. [0000-0003-1481-7911], Fraser, H. J. [0000-0003-0972-1595], Jiménez-Serra, I. [0000-0003-4493-8714], Maté, Belén [0000-0002-5478-8644], McClure, M. K. [0000-0003-1878-327X], #NODATA#, Pendleton, Y. J. [0000-0001-8102-2903], Sturm, J. A. [0000-0002-0377-1316], Taillard, A. [0009-0006-9236-7978], Wakelam, V. [0000-0001-9676-2605], Boogert, A. C.A. [0000-0001-9344-0096], Drozdovskaya, M. N. [0000-0001-7479-4948], Erkal, J. [0000-0002-8476-1389], Harsono, D. [0000-0001-6307-4195], Ioppolo, S. [0000-0002-2271-1781], Linnartz, H. [0000-0002-8322-3538], McGuire, B. A. [0000-0003-1254-4817], Perotti, G. [0000-0002-8545-6175], Rocha, W. R.M. [0000-0001-6144-4113], Dartois, E., Noble, J. A., Caselli, P., Fraser, H. J., Jiménez-Serra, I., Maté, Belén, McClure, M. K., Melnick, G. J., Pendleton, Y. J., Shimonishi, T., Smith, Z. L., Sturm, J. A., Taillard, A., Wakelam, V., Boogert, A. C.A., Drozdovskaya, M. N., Erkal, J., Harsono, D., Herrero, Víctor J., Ioppolo, S., Linnartz, H., McGuire, B. A., Perotti, G., Qasim, D., and Rocha, W. R.M.

Abstract

Clouds of gas and dust in the Galaxy are nurseries in which stars and planetary systems are born. During their journey from the diffuse interstellar medium to the protoplanetary disks, molecular solids accumulate on cold dust grains by accretion and surface chemistry. These so-called icy grains will continuously evolve, notably by collision and aggregation processes, modifying their sizes. Our ‘Ice Age’ James Webb Space Telescope observations of the dense Chamaeleon I cloud reveal that this growth starts early, before the protostellar phase, substantially modifying the ice band profiles in the spectra. Spectral analysis confirms that the grains reach micrometre sizes, implying myriad changes in local microphysics, including mass transfer from small to large grains, reduction in the grain surface available for chemistry and modification of the penetration and propagation of radiation fields. Deformation of the observed profiles complicates the determination of chemical abundance. Observing the extensive icy grain growth in dense clouds quantitatively constrains the grain size evolution before star and planet formation.

Published
2024

5. The role of turbulence in high-mass star formation: Subsonic and transonic turbulence are ubiquitously found at early stages

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Science Foundation (US), National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Wang, Chao, Wang, Ke, Xu, Feng-Wei, Sanhueza, Patricio, Liu, Hauyu Baobab, Zhang, Qizhou, Lu, Xing, Fontani, Francesco, Caselli, Paola, Busquet, Gemma, Tan, Jonathan C., Li, Di, Jackson, James M., Pillai, Thushara G. S., Ho, Paul, Guzmán, Andrés E., Yue, Nannan, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Science Foundation (US), National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Wang, Chao, Wang, Ke, Xu, Feng-Wei, Sanhueza, Patricio, Liu, Hauyu Baobab, Zhang, Qizhou, Lu, Xing, Fontani, Francesco, Caselli, Paola, Busquet, Gemma, Tan, Jonathan C., Li, Di, Jackson, James M., Pillai, Thushara G. S., Ho, Paul, Guzmán, Andrés E., and Yue, Nannan

Abstract

[Context] Traditionally, supersonic turbulence is considered to be one of the most likely mechanisms slowing the gravitational collapse in dense clumps, thereby enabling the formation of massive stars. However, several recent studies have raised differing points of view based on observations carried out with sufficiently high spatial and spectral resolution. These studies call for a re-evaluation of the role turbulence plays in massive star-forming regions., [Aims] Our aim is to study the gas properties, especially the turbulence, in a sample of massive star-forming regions with sufficient spatial and spectral resolution, which can both resolve the core fragmentation and the thermal line width., [Methods] We observed NH3 metastable lines with the Very Large Array (VLA) to assess the intrinsic turbulence., [Results] Analysis of the turbulence distribution histogram for 32 identified NH3 cores reveals the presence of three distinct components. Furthermore, our results suggest that (1) sub- and transonic turbulence is a prevalent (21 of 32) feature of massive star-forming regions and those cold regions are at early evolutionary stage. This investigation indicates that turbulence alone is insufficient to provide the necessary internal pressure required for massive star formation, necessitating further exploration of alternative candidates; and (2) studies of seven multi-core systems indicate that the cores within each system mainly share similar gas properties and masses. However, two of the systems are characterized by the presence of exceptionally cold and dense cores that are situated at the spatial center of each system. Our findings support the hub-filament model as an explanation for this observed distribution.

Published
2024

6. Additional file 1 of Inhibiting NR5A2 targets stemness in pancreatic cancer by disrupting SOX2/MYC signaling and restoring chemosensitivity [Dataset]

Author

European Research Council, European Commission, Regione Piemonte, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Zheng, Quan, Tang, Jiajia, Aicher, Alexandra, Bou Kheir, Tony, Sabanovic, Berina, Ananthanarayanan, Preeta, Reina, Chiara, Chen, Minchun, Gu, Jian-Min, He, Bin, Alcalá, Sonia, Behrens, Diana, Lawlo, Rita T., Scarpa, Aldo, Hidalgo, Manuel, Sainz, Bruno Jr., Sancho, Patricia, Heeschen, Christopher, European Research Council, European Commission, Regione Piemonte, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Zheng, Quan, Tang, Jiajia, Aicher, Alexandra, Bou Kheir, Tony, Sabanovic, Berina, Ananthanarayanan, Preeta, Reina, Chiara, Chen, Minchun, Gu, Jian-Min, He, Bin, Alcalá, Sonia, Behrens, Diana, Lawlo, Rita T., Scarpa, Aldo, Hidalgo, Manuel, Sainz, Bruno Jr., Sancho, Patricia, and Heeschen, Christopher

Published
2023

7. On the origin and evolution of RNA editing in metazoans

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Villum Fonden, European Research Council, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki [0000-0001-6547-5304], Zhang, Pei, Zhu, Yuanzhen, Guo, Qunfei, Li, Ji, Zhan, Xiaoyu, Yu, Hao, Xie, Nianxia, Tan, Huishuang, Lundholm, Nina, Garcia-Cuetos, Lydia, Martin, Michael D., Antó, Meritxell, Su, Yi-Hsien, Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki, Martindale, Mark Q., Yu, Jr-Kai, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Zhang, Guojie, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Villum Fonden, European Research Council, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki [0000-0001-6547-5304], Zhang, Pei, Zhu, Yuanzhen, Guo, Qunfei, Li, Ji, Zhan, Xiaoyu, Yu, Hao, Xie, Nianxia, Tan, Huishuang, Lundholm, Nina, Garcia-Cuetos, Lydia, Martin, Michael D., Antó, Meritxell, Su, Yi-Hsien, Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki, Martindale, Mark Q., Yu, Jr-Kai, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., and Zhang, Guojie

Abstract

[Summary] Extensive adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs is the hallmark of metazoan transcriptional regulation. Here, by profiling the RNA editomes of 22 species that cover major groups of Holozoa, we provide substantial evidence supporting A-to-I mRNA editing as a regulatory innovation originating in the last common ancestor of extant metazoans. This ancient biochemistry process is preserved in most extant metazoan phyla and primarily targets endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formed by evolutionarily young repeats. We also find intermolecular pairing of sense-antisense transcripts as an important mechanism for forming dsRNA substrates for A-to-I editing in some but not all lineages. Likewise, recoding editing is rarely shared across lineages but preferentially targets genes involved in neural and cytoskeleton systems in bilaterians. We conclude that metazoan A-to-I editing might first emerge as a safeguard mechanism against repeat-derived dsRNA and was later co-opted into diverse biological processes due to its mutagenic nature.

Published
2023

8. NGC 2022, a case study of a multiple-shell planetary nebula

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (Brasil), Montoro-Molina, B., Guerrero, Martín A., Santamaría, E., Toalá, J. A., Chu, Y. -H., Ramos-Larios, G., Infante-Sainz, R., Akhlaghi, M., Eskandarlou, S., López-Sanjuan, C., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (Brasil), Montoro-Molina, B., Guerrero, Martín A., Santamaría, E., Toalá, J. A., Chu, Y. -H., Ramos-Larios, G., Infante-Sainz, R., Akhlaghi, M., Eskandarlou, S., and López-Sanjuan, C.

Abstract

We present a detailed study of the physical properties, history of mass loss, and chemical abundances of the planetary nebula NGC 2022. New imaging observations obtained with the OAJ/JAST80 and NOT/ALFOSC confirm the presence of a faint ∼88 arcsec halo surrounding a double-layered elliptical structure that consists of a bright 21.4 × 16.7 arcsec inner shell and a 32 arcsec diameter envelope. The long-slit high-dispersion echelle observations obtained with MES on the OAN-SPM 2.1-m telescope can be well described by a shape model with expansion velocities of 43 ± 3 and 34 ± 3 km s-1 along the major and minor axes of the elliptical inner shell, respectively. In addition, a deep long-slit high-dispersion echelle observation made with the KPNO 4-m telescope detected line-splitting in the faint halo, revealing an expansion velocity of 15.5 ± 2 km s-1. We have also used new intermediate-dispersion optical spectra with the NOT, complemented with IUE data, to study the chemical abundances of each shell. The abundances of the three shells are typical of a Type II in the Peimbert classification of PNe and do not exhibit any notable anomalies. Finally, we estimate the total mass of NGC 2022 to be ≈0.9 M⊙>, which consists of 0.64 M⊙> from the CSPN and 0.1, 0.11, and 0.1 × M⊙> from the ionized inner shell, outer shell, and halo, respectively. © 2023 The Author(s).Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2023

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