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Science communication that fosters shared understanding, co-creation of meaning, and prompts large-scale change, is far from a one-way transmission of information. Rather, it is a multifaceted system that integrates different forms of knowledge and ways of knowing, attends to the complexity of social and environmental challenges, and conveys strong verbal and nonverbal skills (Brown et al., 2010). In this paper, the authors argue that effective science communication requires "engagement" rather than traditional knowledge transfer, and highlight the relevance of social considerations to accomplish effective engagement. The authors offer primary pathways for engagement that are key to spanning the boundary between science and society, and specify concrete suggestions for communication centers to implement these pathways. The authors conclude by discussing examples wherein social factors played a role in successful engagement.

Background: This paper reviews nationally representative public opinion surveys on artificial intelligence (AI) in the United States, with a focus on areas related to health care. The potential health applications of AI continue to gain attention owing to their promise as well as challenges. For AI to fulfill its potential, it must not only be adopted by physicians and health providers but also by patients and other members of the public., Objective: This study reviews the existing survey research on the United States' public attitudes toward AI in health care and reveals the challenges and opportunities for more effective and inclusive engagement on the use of AI in health settings., Methods: We conducted a systematic review of public opinion surveys, reports, and peer-reviewed journal articles published on Web of Science, PubMed, and Roper iPoll between January 2010 and January 2022. We include studies that are nationally representative US public opinion surveys and include at least one or more questions about attitudes toward AI in health care contexts. Two members of the research team independently screened the included studies. The reviewers screened study titles, abstracts, and methods for Web of Science and PubMed search results. For the Roper iPoll search results, individual survey items were assessed for relevance to the AI health focus, and survey details were screened to determine a nationally representative US sample. We reported the descriptive statistics available for the relevant survey questions. In addition, we performed secondary analyses on 4 data sets to further explore the findings on attitudes across different demographic groups., Results: This review includes 11 nationally representative surveys. The search identified 175 records, 39 of which were assessed for inclusion. Surveys include questions related to familiarity and experience with AI; applications, benefits, and risks of AI in health care settings; the use of AI in disease diagnosis, treatment, and robotic caregiving; and related issues of data privacy and surveillance. Although most Americans have heard of AI, they are less aware of its specific health applications. Americans anticipate that medicine is likely to benefit from advances in AI; however, the anticipated benefits vary depending on the type of application. Specific application goals, such as disease prediction, diagnosis, and treatment, matter for the attitudes toward AI in health care among Americans. Most Americans reported wanting control over their personal health data. The willingness to share personal health information largely depends on the institutional actor collecting the data and the intended use., Conclusions: Americans in general report seeing health care as an area in which AI applications could be particularly beneficial. However, they have substantial levels of concern regarding specific applications, especially those in which AI is involved in decision-making and regarding the privacy of health information., (©Becca Beets, Todd P Newman, Emily L Howell, Luye Bao, Shiyu Yang. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 04.04.2023.)