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Family Corophiidae Leach, 1814 Laticorophium bifurcatum sp. nov. (Fig. 7) Type material. Male holotype, 2.2 mm (NHMUK 2015. 3143), samples from rock and associated seaweeds and hydroids on sides of concrete north tidal gate, within Sea City waterways, 17 March 2014, D.K. Raja. Paratypes, 4 males, 15 females (NHMUK 2015. 3144���3153), same data as holotype. Other material. 15 males, 61 females (NHMUK 2015. 3154���3163), from tunicates attached to concrete sides of north tidal gate in phase A 3 Sea City, 20 April 2014, D.K. Raja; 48 males, 102 females (NHMUK 2015. 3164��� 3173), from sponges growing on concrete sides of North Tidal Gate, phase A 3, Sea City, 8 April 2014, D.K. Raja. Description. Based on male holotype 2.2 mm. Head. Head with short triangular rostrum; Eyes subround. Antenna 1 peduncular articles 1 and 2 subequal, article 1 with two robust setae on the posterior proximal margin, the basal one recurved and two robust setae on the inner proximal margin; article 3 short; peduncular articles clothed with long fine setae; flagellum short, with three articles. Antenna 2 grossly enlarged; peduncular article 4 subrectangular with two strong spines on the posterodistal margin, a short inner one and a longer, recurved outer one; article 5 much more slender and about two thirds length of article 1, posterodistal margin with one spine, sub-distal margin with one spine; flagellum composed of two stout, setose articles. Maxilliped palp well developed, palp article 2 extending beyond end of outer plate. Pereon. Gnathopod 1, dactyl bifid, tip exceeding short, oblique palm. Gnathopod 2, carpus short, deep, posterodistal margin setose; propodus lacking palm; dactylus short, bidentate. Pereopods 3���4 short; basis broad; segment 4 broadened distally, slightly overhanging short article 5. Pereopods 5���6 short, similar in form but bases unequal in size; segment 5 short, with 2 posterolateral clusters of short hook spines. Pereopod 7 not elongate; basis medium broad; dactyl short. Pleon. Urosome segments 1���3 fused, plate-like. Uropod 1 peduncle broad elongate, rami much shorter than peduncle, inner ramus longer than outer, both rami with robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle stout, short; outer ramus shorter than peduncle rounded, with robust and fine setae, inner ramus slender, subequal with peduncle with robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle short with large outer lobe; ramus short subround. Telson small, rounded. Female up to 3.0 mm (sexually dimorphic characters). Antenna 2 peduncular article 4 much less robust than that of male, inner margin with one basal, one medio-distal and one distal robust seta; article 5 shorter and more slender than article 4, lacking spines or robust setae. Remarks. Laticorophium bifurcatum sp. nov. is very close to L. baconi Shoemaker, 1934. It differs in having the male antenna 2 with a strong spine on the posterior margin of article 5. In this respect it superficially resembles Apocorophium acutum (Chevreux, 1908) but unlike that species (and genus) it has a notched urosome, a bidentate dactylus on gnathopod 2 and a strongly lobate peduncle of uropod 3. It also differs from L. baconi in having two robust setae inserted on a swollen posteroproximal region of article 4 of the male antenna 2 as well as having the posterodistal spine on article 4 of the male antenna 2 divergent as opposed to recurved. Distribution. Kuwait, Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on page 410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Leach, W. E. (1814) Crustaceology. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 7, 383 - 429.","Shoemaker, C. R. (1934) Two new species of Corophium from the west coast of America. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 24 (8), 256 - 360.","Chevreux, E. (1908) Diagnoses d'amphipodes nouveaux provenant des campagnes de la Princesse-Alice dans l'Atlantique nord. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 117, 1 - 15."]}

Elasmopus alkhiranensis Myers & Momtazi, 2015 Elasmopus alkhiranensis Myers & Momtazi, 2015: 186, figs 2���6. Material. Male holotype and female paratype, mixed rubble, Ocklemann sledge on mixed rock/sand benthos at station NS04 phase A 1 Sea City, M. Nithyanandan, 21 October 2014; 6 males, North Gate, collected from seaweed and hydroids growing on concrete sides of north tidal gate phase A 3 by diving, D.K. Raja, 19 April 2014; 11 males, 6 females, Nuwaiseeb sand beach 3km south of Sea City at mid tide from sand core, M. Nithyanandan; 2 males, from subtidal seagrass in phase A 1 Sea City taken by Ocklemann sledge and small grab, M. Nithyanandan, 14 October 2014. Distribution. Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, India, Mauritius, Hawaii. Probably also but not confirmed: Suez Canal, Red Sea, East Africa, South Africa, Sri Lanka., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on page 424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Myers, A. A. & Momtazi, F (2015) Elasmopus alkhiranensis sp. nov., a new species of amphipod (Senticaudata, Maeridae) from the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa, 973 (1), 185 - 194."]}

Latigammaropsis pseudojassa sp. nov. (Figs 11���13) Type material. Male holotype 4.3 mm (NHMUK 2015. 3185), floating Sargassam, Sea City, D.A. Jones, 16 October 2011. Paratypes, 5 males, 1 female (NHMUK 2015. 3186���3191), same data as holotype. Other material. 18 males, 9 females (NHMUK 2015.3248 ���3257), mixed rubble, Ocklemann dredge on mixed rock/sand benthos at station NS04 phase A 1 Sea City, M. Nithyanandan, 21.10.2014; 4 males, 2 females (NHMUK 2015. 3258���3263) tunicates collected by diving and removing tunicates attached to concrete sides of north tidal gate in phase A 3 Sea City, D.K. Raja, 20.4. 2014. Etymology. Named for the shape of the male gnathopod 2 that superficially resembles that of some members of the genus Jassa (Ischyroceridae). Description. Based on male holotype 4.3 mm. Head. Head elongate, lateral cephalic lobes strongly produced, rounded; eye lageniform. Mandible palp article 3 shorter than 2, spatulate with long distal setae. Maxilla 1 inner plate with setae along entire margin. Maxilla 2 with oblique setal row. Labium mandibular projections acute. Maxilliped palp elongate, second article extending beyond distal end of outer plate. Antenna 1 about half body length, peduncular article 2 a little longer than 1; primary flagellum subequal with peduncle, with 12 articles; accessory flagellum long with 5 articles. Antenna 2 unknown. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa subsquare, weakly produced forward; basis enlarged, weakly excavated for reception of carpus when folded; carpus moderate, longer than broad; propodus longer than carpus, subrectangular, palm excavate, with blunt posterodistal spine. Gnathopod 2 coxa subrectangular; basis stout, excavated for reception of carpus when folded, strongly setose on anterior margin; carpus very short, cup-shaped; propodus grossly enlarged widening distally, with one strong posterodistal spine and one strong medial spine, anterior margin strongly setose; dactylus enlarged, overlapping palm. Pereopods 3���4 of normal Latigammaropsis form, dactylus short, much less than half length of propodus. Pereopod 5 basis moderately expanded. Pereopods 6���7 missing. Pleon. Uropod 1 peduncle with long, distal, interramal spine, half length of peduncle; inner ramus subequal with peduncle, outer ramus shorter than inner. Uropod 2 lacking interramal spine, peduncle shorter than rami, inner ramus a little longer than outer. Uropod 3 peduncle longer than broad; rami subequal, shorter than peduncle. Telson with each dorsolateral crest bearing a pair of robust setae Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Gnathopod 1 propodus longer than carpus, subovoid, palm oblique; dactylus fitting palm. Gnathopod 2 basis relatively slender; carpus short, cup-shaped; propodus subround with small posterodistal spine, palm evenly rounded; dactylus fitting palm. Remarks. Latigammaropsis pseudojassa sp. nov. shows no close relationship with any described species of the genus. The shape of the male gnathopod 2 is unique. Distribution. Kuwait., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on pages 415-416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752

Maera irregularis sp. nov. (Fig. 19) Type material. Male holotype, 5.0 mm (NHMUK 2015. 3237), Seagrass, Sea City, Kuwait, 20 October 2014, M. Nithyanandan; male paratype (NHMUK 2015. 3238), same data as holotype. Other material. 2 males (NHMUK 2015. 3239���3240), soft benthos, Sea City, Kuwait, 24 October 2012, M. Nithyanandan. Etymology. Named after the irregular formation of the male gnathopod 2 palm. Description. Based on male holotype, 5.0 mm. Head. Eye lobe rounded, eye large, ovate, with loose ommatidea. Antenna 1 peduncle elongate; article 2 longer than article 1; article 3 short, a little over one third length of article 2; accessory flagellum elongate with 5 articles; primary flagellum shorter than peduncle with 16 articles. Antenna 2 much shorter than antenna 1; peduncular article 5 shorter than article 4; flagellum subequal in length with peduncular article 5, with 6 articles. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa weakly produced forward; basis moderately stout; carpus and propodus subequal in length; carpus with notch on anterior margin; propodus palm evenly convex; dactylus fitting palm. Gnathopod 2 enormous, basis stout, excavate on anterior margin for reception of carpus and propodus when folded; carpus short, cup-shaped; propodus four times length of carpus, subrectangular, palm irregular, with two proximal humps separated by a v-shaped excavation, followed by a sloping palp delineated by a small spine, followed by a stout spine; dactylus stout, curved, fitting palm, with long setae on anterior margin. Pereopods 3���7 missing. Pleon. Epimera 1���2 with small posterodistal spine; epimeron 3 with larger, triangular spine. Uropods 1���2, rami subequal, longer than peduncle. Uropod 3 large; peduncle short; rami twice length of peduncle, flattened, leaflike with numerous long setae marginally and distally. Telson almost completely divided, terminally notched, with three short robust setae on each side. Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Unknown. Remarks. M aera irregularis sp. nov. has a male gnathopod 2 superficially similar in the shape to that of Maera lucinae Krapp-Schickel, 2004 from the Gulf of Mexico. In that species, however, the shape of the palm is subtly different. Also in M. lucinae, antenna 1 and 2 are subequal in length, the peduncle of uropod 3 is much longer and the telson has very long robust setae. It shows some similarity to M. edwardsi Chevreux, 1927 from Cape Verde and the Canary Islands and M. hirondellei Chevreux, 1900 from the Azores, but in both those species the male gnathopod palm is a different shape and in M. edwardsi the epimera 1���2 lack spines. Distribution. Kuwait., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on pages 424-427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Krapp-Schickel, G. (2004) Sorting of the old \" Maera sensu lato \" - flock continues: three members change to three different genera. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 28, 23 - 38.","Chevreux, E. (1927) Malacostrac es (suite). III. Crustac es Amphipodes. Expeditions Scientifique du \" Travailleur \" et du \" Talisman \" pendant les annees 1880. 1881, 1882, 1883, 9, 41 - 152.","Chevreux, E. (1900) Campagnes de la Melita. Description d'un amphipode nouveau appartenant au genre Grubia Czerniawski. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 25, 95 - 101."]}

Ceradocus (Denticeradocus) alama sp. nov. (Figs 16–18) Type material. Holotype male, 7.0 mm (NHMUK 2015. 3198) North Gate, collected from seaweed and hydroids growing on concrete sides of north tidal gate phase A 3 by diving. D.K. Raja, 19 April 2014. Paratypes, 6 males, 9 females (NHMUK 2015. 3199–3208), same data as holotype. Other material. 9 males, 7 females (NHMUK 2015. 3209–3218), llBS, grab on bare sand benthos in phase A 1, M. Nithyanandan, 25 May 2014; 7 males, 9 females (NHMUK 2015. 3219–3228), subtidal seagrass in phase A 1 Sea City, Ocklemann sledge and small grab, M. Nithyanandan, 14 October 2014; 2 males (NHMUK 2015. 3235–3236), from sandy benthos in phase A 3 Sea City waterways, Ocklemann sledge, M. Nithyanandan, 20 October 2013. Etymology. Named after a creek (Al-Ama) in the type locality. Description. Based on male holotype 7.0 mm. Head. Eye lobe rounded with sub-ocular notch. Eye medium size, subround. Antenna 1 about two thirds body length; peduncular article 2 longer than 1, article 3 very short; accessory flagellum with 5 articles; primary flagellum longer than peduncle with 26 articles. Antenna 2 a little shorter than antenna 1; peduncular articles 4 and 5 subequal; flagellum with 24 articles. Maxilla 1 inner plate posterior margin fringed with setae. Mandible palp article 1 with acute spine at posterodistal corner; article 3 much shorter than 2 with long distal and marginal setae. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa with very acute anterodistal corner; carpus and propodus subequal in length, strongly setose. Right gnathopod 2 greatly enlarged; coxa subquadrate; basis stout with spine at anterodistal corner; carpus short, cup-shaped; propodus massive, subovoid, palm with short overhanging shelf, followed by a shallow U-shaped excavation, followed by an oblique undefined margin; dactylus stout, curved, fitting palm. Left gnathopod 2 much smaller than right gnathopod 2, similar in form and size to that of female. Pereopod 6 basis posterodistal margin with multiple spines. Pereopod 7 basis posterodistal margin with a single acute spine. Pleon. Pleonal segments 1–3 strongly dorsally spinous with setae inserted between the spines. Epimera 1–3 posterior distal margins strongly spinous, with setae inserted between the spines, posterior margins with robust setae. Urosome segments 1–2 dorsally serrated with setae inserted between the spines. Uropod 1 peduncle a little longer than rami, with basofacial robust seta and with ventrodistal spine; inner ramus marginally longer than outer, slender with marginal and distal robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle a little shorter than rami; inner ramus marginally longer than outer. Uropod 3 peduncle short; rami enlarged, broad, subequal in length. Telson deeply cleft, lobes strongly divergent. Female (sexually dimorphic characters) Gnathopod 2 coxa elongate, rounded, unproduced; basis weakly expanded anteromedially; carpus well developed, about two thirds length of propodus; propodus elongate subovoid, palm oblique, defined by a robust seta; dactylus slender, fitting palm. Remarks. Ceradocus (Denticeradocus) alama sp. nov. resembles C. (D.) serratus (Bate, 1862), as figured by J.L. Barnard 1972 (not Megamoera serrata Bate, 1862) from Australia in the male large gnathopod 2 having a short palmar shelf and in not having a posterodistal defining spine. That species, however, does not have an excavation in the palm of the large male gnathopod 2. It is similar to C. (D.) serratus as figured by Ledoyer (1983) (also not Megamoera serrata Bate, 1862), but that species has a palmar defining corner lacking in C. (D). alama sp. nov. Like C. (D). alama sp. nov., the C. (D). serratus of Ledoyer, 1983 has a palmar excavation, but that excavation is much narrower than in C. (D). alama sp. nov. Ceradocus (D.) serratus of Ledoyer (1983) also lacks the palmar shelf characteristic of C. (D). alama sp. nov. Distribution. Kuwait.

Grandidierella bonnieroides Stephensen, 1948 Grandidierella bonnieroides Stephensen, 1948: 12, fig. 3.��� Myers, 1970: 141.��� Myers, 1981 b: 218.��� Asari & Myers, 1982: 252, figs 9���10.��� Lowry & Stoddart, 2003: 70 (catalogue). Grandidierella megnae.��� Chilton, 1921: 548, fig. 10.��� Stephensen, 1933: 434.��� Shoemaker, 1935: 70. Unciolella lunata.��� Schellenberg, 1928: 669, fig. 207. Grandidierella bonnieri.��� K.H. Barnard, 1935: 299.��� K.H. Barnard, 1951: 708.��� K.H. Barnard, 1952: 279, fig. 1.���Pannikar & Aiyar, 1937: 294.���Schellenberg, a: 215.��� Shoemaker, 1948: 11, fig. 3.��� Ruffo, 1958: 58, figs 8, 9.��� Nayar, 1959: 38, pl. 14, figs 1���5.��� Nayar, 1966: 161, fig. 17 f. ��� Myers, 2009: 271, figs 39���40, pl. 2 C. Material. 5 males, 4 females (NHMUK 2015. 3099���3107), llBS, grab on bare sand benthos in phase A 1, M. Nithyanandan, 25 May 2014; 1 male, 7 females (NHMUK 2015. 3108���3115), tunicate samples taken by diving in Marina in phase A 2, D.K. Raja, 1 April 2014. Remarks. This apparently worldwide species may be a species complex., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on page 408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Stephensen, K. (1948) Amphipods from Curacao, Bonaire, Aruba and Margarita. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao, Aruba, Bonaire and the Venezuelan Islands, 3 (11), 1 - 20.","Myers, A. A. (1970) Taxonomic studies on the genus Grandidierella Coutiere (Crustacea: Amphipoda) with a description of G. dentimera, sp. nov. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20 (1), 135 - 147.","Myers, A. A. (1981) Taxonomic studies on the genus Grandidierella Coutiere (Crustacea, Amphipoda). III. Fijian, Australian and Saudi Arabian species. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Series 4, 3 (A 1), 213 - 226.","Asari, K. P. & Myers, A. A. (1982) Taxonomic studies on the genus Grandidierella Coutiere (Crustacea, Amphipoda). IV. Indian Species. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 (4), 237 - 256. [Paris]","Lowry, J. K. & Stoddart, H. E. (2003) Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida: Amphipoda, Cumacea & Mysidacea. In: Zoological Catalogue of Australia (Eds.), Beesley, P. L. & Houston, W. W. K. Vol. 19.2 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, xii + 531 pp.","Chilton, C. (1921) Amphipoda. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 5, 519 - 558.","Stephensen, K. (1933) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Bonaire, Curacao und Aruba im Jahre 1930. No. 8. Fresh- and brackish-water Amphipoda from Bonaire, Curacao and Aruba. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie un Geographie der Tiere, 64 (3 / 5), 415 - 436.","Shoemaker, C. R. (1935) The amphipods of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, New York Academy of Sciences, 15, 229 - 253.","Schellenberg, A. (1928) Report on the Amphipoda. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22 (5), 633 - 692.","Barnard, K. H. (1935) Report on some Amphipoda, Isopoda, and Tanaidacea in the collections of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 37, 279 - 319.","Barnard, K. H. (1951) New records and descriptions of new species of isopods and amphipods from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 4, 698 - 709. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935108654195","Barnard, K. H. (1952) Description of a new species of amphipod. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33 (2), 279 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359195109519888","Panikkar, N. K. & Aiyar, R. G. (1937) The brackish water fauna of Madras. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, 6 (5), 284 - 336.","Shoemaker, C. R. (1948) The Amphipoda of the Smithsonian-Roebling Expedition to Cuba in 1937. Smithsonian Miscellaneous, 110 (3), 1 - 15.","Ruffo, S. (1958) Amphipodes terrestres et des eaux continentales de Madagascar, des Comores et de La Reunion. (Etudes sur les Crustaces Amphipodes. - L). Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Series A, 12, 35 - 66.","Nayar, K. N. (1959) The Amphipoda of the Madras coast. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, Natural History, Section 6 (3), 1 - 59.","Nayar, K. N. (1966) On the gammaridean Amphipoda of the Gulf of Mannar, with special reference to those of the pearl and chank beds. Proceedings of the Symposium on Crustacea held at Ernakulam from January 12 to 15, 1965, Marine Biological Association of India, 1, 133 - 168.","Myers, A. A. (2009) Aoridae, In: Lowry, J. K. & Myers, A. A. (Eds.), (2009) Benthic Amphipoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, 2260, 220 - 278."]}

Ampithoe ramondi (Audouin, 1826) (Fig. 6) Amphithoe rubricata.��� Della Valle, 1893: pl. XI 11 figs 1���17 (partim). Amphithoe vaillanti.��� Chevreux, 1911: 260 ���261, pl. XX figs 1���4.���K.H. Barnard, 1916: 253.��� Chevreux & Fage, 1925: 333 ��� 334, figs 341���342. Amphithoe ramondi.��� Schellenberg, 1928: 665.��� Shoemaker, 1942: 40.��� J.L. Barnard, 1955: 28 ���29.��� J.L. Barnard, 1965: 25 ���27, figs 15���16.��� Krapp-Schickel, 1969: 327 ���330.��� Krapp-Schickel, 1978: 1, figs 1���2.��� Krapp-Schickel: 1982, 98, figs 66, 67. Material. 1 male, 3 females (NHMUK 2015. 3116���3119), from rock and associated seaweeds and hydroids on sides of concrete north tidal gate, within Sea City waterways, 17.03. 2014, D.K. Raja; 3 females (NHMUK 2015. 3120���3122), from sponges growing on concrete sides of north tidal gate, 8 April 2014, D.K. Raja; 2 males, 5 females (NHMUK 2015. 3123���3129), from tunicates attached to concrete sides of north tidal gate, Sea City, 20 April 2014, D.K. Raja; 3 females (NHMUK 2015. 3130���3132), from tunicate samples taken by diving in Marina in phase A2, 1 April 2014, D.K. Raja. Remarks. Krapp-Schickel (1982), Myers (1985) and Hughes & Lowry (2009) have pointed out that A. ramondi represents a species complex. It is not possible to elucidate this complex here, but present material closely agrees with that described from the Mediterranean Sea by Krapp-Schickel (1982)., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on page 408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Audouin, V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de crustaces de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny, membre de l'Institut; offrant un expose des caracteres naturels des genres, avec la distinction des especes. Description de l'Egypte, Histoire Naturelle, 1, 77 - 98.","Della Valle, A. (1893) Gammarini del Golfo di Napoli. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, 20, 1 - 948, pls. 941 - 961.","Chevreux, E. (1911) Campagnes de la Melita. Les amphipodes d'Algerie et de Tunisie. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 23, 145 - 285, pls. 46 - 120.","Chevreux, E. & Fage, L. (1925) Amphipodes. Faune de France 9, 1 - 488.","Schellenberg, A. (1928) Report on the Amphipoda. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22 (5), 633 - 692.","Shoemaker, C. R. (1942) Amphipod crustaceans collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 101 (11), 1 - 52.","Barnard, J. L. (1955) Gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) in the collections of the Bishop Museum. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 215, 1 - 46.","Barnard, J. L. (1965) Marine Amphipoda of the family Ampithoidae from southern California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 118 (522), 1 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.118 - 3522.1","Krapp-Schickel, G. (1969) Zur Okologie der Amphipoden aus dem Phytal der Nordadria, Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie un Geographie der Tiere, 96, 265 - 448.","Krapp-Schickel, G. (1978) Die Gattung Amphithoe (Crustacea, Amphipoda) im Mittelmeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 48, 1 - 15.","Krapp-Schickel, G. (1982) Family Amphithoidae. Memoires de l'Institute Oceanographique, Monaco, 13, 94 - 110.","Myers, A. A. (1985) Shallow-water coral reef and Mangrove Amphipoda (Gammaridea) of Fiji. Records of the Australian Museum, 5 [Supplement], 1 - 143.","Hughes, L. E. & Lowry, J. K. (2009) Ampithoidae. In: Lowry, J. K. & Myers, A. A. (Eds.), Benthic Amphipoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa, 2260, pp. 153 - 219."]}

Family Hyalidae Bulycheva, 1957 Protohyale arabica sp. nov. (Figs 1���3) Type material. Male holotype, 5.0 mm (NHMUK 2015. 3058), Station A 2, Sea City, Kuwait, seaweeds and associates, 23 March 2010, M. Nithyanandan. Paratypes 32 males, 31 females (NHMUK 2015. 3059���3068), same data as holotype. Other material. 1 male, 2 females (NHMUK 2015. 3069���3071), Sea City, Kuwait, soft benthos, 24 October 2012, M. Nithyanandan. Etymology. Named after the region of the type locality. Description. Based on male holotype, 5.0 mm. Head. Head lobes truncate; eye round. Antenna 1 scarcely half-length of antenna 2; peduncular article 2 subequal with peduncular article 3. Antenna 2 less than half body length. Labium inner plates vestigial. Maxilla 1 inner plate with two stout distal setae; palp extending beyond bases of setae on outer plate. Maxilla 2 without oblique setal row. Mandible lacking palp; lacinia mobilis 5 -dentate. Maxilliped palp long; fourth article extending well beyond tip of outer plate; article 7 very long and whip-like. Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa large without posteroproximal shelf, posterior face with two very stout setae; basis expanded with moderately well developed anterodistal lobe; propodus elongate, longer than carpus, subrectangular; dactylus short, broad. Gnathopod 2 coxa large, subround with weak posteroproximal shelf; basis enlarged with strong anterodistal lobe; carpus very small, triangular; propodus greatly enlarged, subovoid, palm relatively short, only moderately oblique, defined by a strong, subacute spine; dactylus fitting palm. Pereopod 3 basis parallel-sided. Pereopod 5 basis subround with small mid posterior margin notch, crenulate on posterodistal part; dactylus well developed with small seta on posterodistal margin. Pereopod 6 basis subrectangular with small mid posterior margin notch, crenulate on posterodistal part; dactylus well developed with small seta on posterodistal margin. Pereopod 7 basis very expanded, subround, crenulate on posterior margin; dactylus well developed with small seta on posterodistal margin. Pleon. Epimeron 1 rounded. Epimeron 2 subrectangular. Epimeron 3 weakly extended on posterior distal margin into a triangular spine. Uropod 1 peduncle with strong distolateral robust seta; rami a little longer than peduncle, subequal in length. Uropod 2 peduncle short; inner ramus much longer than peduncle and longer than outer ramus. Uropod 3 peduncle more than twice length of single ramus. Telson unarmed. Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Gnathopod 2 basis expanded distally; carpus moderately large, subrectangular; propodus elongate, subrectangular, palm short, oblique; dactylus fitting palm. Remarks. This species is similar to P. corallinicola (Hirayama, 1980), and to P. schmidti (Heller, 1866). It differs from both species, however, in the form of the male gnathopod 2. In P. a r ab i ca sp. nov., the palm is only moderately oblique reaching about one third the length of the posterior margin of the propodus, and is defined by a subacute spine. In P. corallinicola and in P. schmidti, the palm is very oblique, reaching at least half of the posterior margin of the propodus and is defined by an ill-defined rounded hump. It also differs from P. schmidti in the form of the maxilliped palp which is stout in P. schmidti but slender in P. arabica sp. nov. Distribution. Kuwait., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on pages 402-405, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Bulycheva, A. (1957) The sea fleas of the USSR and adjacent waters (Amphipoda: Talitroidea). Keys to the Fauna of the USSR. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, 65, 1 - 185. [in Russian]","Hirayama, A. (1980) Gammaridea Amphipoda of the intertidal reef flat of Ishigaki Island Ryukyu Archipelago. Part 1. Genus Hyale. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 25, 131 - 156.","Heller, C. (1866) Beitrage zur naheren Kenntniss der Amphipoden des Adriatischen Meeres. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 26 (2), 1 - 62."]}

Podocerus mamlahensis sp. nov. (Figs 8���10) Type material. Male holotype, 3.5 mm (NHMUK 2015. 3174) from rock and associated seaweeds and hydroids on sides of concrete north tidal gate, within Sea City waterways, 17 March 2014, D.K. Raja. Paratypes, 11 males, 7 females (NHMUK 2015. 3175���3184), same data as holotype. Etymology. Named after one (Al-Mamlaha) of the three creeks upon which Sea City is based. Description. Based on male holotype 3.5 mm. Head. Eye large, subovoid. Antenna 1 about two thirds body length; peduncular article 1 short; article 2 long, more than twice length of article 1; article 3 shorter than article 2; flagellum subequal in length with peduncular article 3, with 5 articles. Antenna 2 longer than antenna 1 and almost as long as body; peduncular articles 4 and 5 greatly elongated and stout; 5 a little longer than 4; flagellum article 1 elongated; article 2 long but much shorter than article 1; articles 3���4 telescoped. Mandible palp with three articles; article 3 shorter than 2, parallel-sided with dense distal setae and a few scattered setae on posterior and anterior margins. Pereon. Segments 1���6 without dorsal spines or carinae. Segment 7 with small dorsal spine. Gnathopod 1 coxa weakly produced forward, subacute; basis slender; propodus a little longer than carpus, subovoid, palm convex, almost obsolete; dactylus greatly overlapping reduced palm, almost as long as propodus. Gnathopod 2 coxa subquadrangular; basis swollen, less than twice as long as broad; merus posterodistal corner weakly produced; carpus fused with propodus; propodus greatly enlarged, subovoid, palm convex, short, followed by two blunt spines on the posterodistal margin and one smaller blunt spine medially, posterior margin and inner lateral face clothed in long setae; dactylus curved, greatly overlapping palm, opposable to medial spine on posterior margin of propodus. Pereopods 3���7 basis short, subrectangular; dactylus stout. Pleon. Segments 1���2 with dorsal rounded spines that are folded back over the segment behind. Epimera 1���3 small, rounded. Urosome segment 1 elongate, longer than second and third segments combined. Uropod 1 peduncle and rami with many robust setae, inner ramus longer than outer and longer than peduncle. Uropod 2 peduncle short, inner ramus longer than outer. Uropod 3 very reduced with a small reduced ramus. Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Gnathopod 2 coxa deeper than broad; basis stout, anterior margin concave; merus expanded, protruding distally; carpus short, cup-shaped; propodus subovoid, palm and posterior margin weakly crenulate, posterior proximal margin with strong, triangular blunt spine bearing two robust setae; dactylus elongate, curved, opposable to proximal spine of propodus. Remarks. This species appears to be closest to P. zeylanicus Walker, 1904. It resembles that species in the general shape of the male gnathopod 2. It differs from that species, however, in the well developed flap-like rounded spines on the dorsum of pleon segments 1���2. Distribution. Kuwait., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on pages 413-415, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Walker, A. O. (1904) Report on the Amphipoda collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon, in 1902. Ceylon Pearl Oyster Fisheries, 1904, Supplementary Reports, 17, 229 - 300."]}

Family Aoridae Stebbing, 1899 Bemlos acuticoxa sp. nov. (Figs 4, 5) Type material. Male holotype, 6.0 mm (NHMUK 2015. 3072), llBS A 1 25 May 2014, grab on bare sand benthos in phase A 1, M. Nithyanandan. Paratypes, (NHMUK 2015. 3073���3082), 4 males, 15 females, 2 juveniles, same date as holotype. Other material. 10 males, 12 females (NHMUK 2015. 3083���3092, A 3 S 1, sandy benthos in phase A 3 Sea City waterways, Ocklemann sledge, M. Nithyanandan, 20 October 2013; 1 male, 1 female (NHMUK 2015. 3093 - 3094), North Gate, from seaweed and hydroids growing on concrete sides of north tidal gate phase A 3 by diving, D.K. Raja, 19 April 2014; 1 male 3 females (NHMUK 2015. 3095 ���- 3098), collected from tunicate samples taken by diving in Marina in phase A 2 1 April 2014, D.K. Raja. Etymology. Named after the acute coxa 1 of the male gnathopod 1. Description. Based on male holotype 6.0 mm. Head. Head lateral lobes moderately produced, truncate. Eye round. Mandible palp article 3 longer than 2, posterior margin almost straight with comb-setae. Maxilla 1 inner plate with a single, long, pectinate seta. Labium with acute mandibular processes. Antenna 1 longer than 2; peduncular article 2 longer than 1; primary flagellum longer than peduncle with 23 articles; accessory flagellum long, with 6 articles. Antenna 2 peduncular articles 4 and 5 subequal in length. Pereon. Segments 2���4 with strong ventral spines. Gnathopod 1 much larger than 2; coxa subrectangular, strongly produced anterodistally, subacute; basis about four times as long as broad; carpus reduced, cup-shaped; propodus elongate rectangular, posterodistal angle with strong acute tooth separated from short rounded palm by narrow sinus; dactylus greatly overlapping palm. Gnathopod 2 coxa subround; basis elongate, anterior margin weakly concave; carpus a little longer than propodus. Pereopods 3���7 of normal Bemlos form. Pleon. Epimera 2���3 with small posterodistal spine. Uropod 1 peduncle subequal with rami, with long, curved, distoventral spine; inner ramus scarcely longer than outer. Uropod 2 peduncle shorter than rami, with strong distoventral spine about two-thirds length of peduncle; inner ramus longer than outer. Uropod 3 rami much longer than peduncle, outer ramus longer than inner. Telson with each dorsolateral crest bearing a pair of long setae. Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Gnathopod 1 coxa rounded; carpus larger than that of male; propodus shorter than that of male, propodus posterodistal angle with blunt shelf with a strong robust seta at its base, palm, obsolescent. Remarks. This species is very close to Bemlos aequimanus (Schellenberg, 1938), but it differs in several ways. In the male, gnathopod 1 coxa is markedly more produced antero-distally, and the spine on the posterodistal corner of the propodus is longer, reaching the level of the short palm (poorly produced and shorter than the palm margin in B. aequimanus). It also resembles B. teleporus (K.H. Barnard, 1955), but that species has a rounded male coxa 1 and a short posterodistal spine on the propodus of male gnathopod 1. It differs from both B. aequimanus and B. teleporus in the pereonal spines of the male. Bemlos acuticoxa sp. nov. has strong acute spines on segments 2���4 whereas B. aequimanus has short rounded spines on segments 1���3 and B. teleporus has an acute spine on segment 3 only (Ledoyer, 1983, Madagascar). In addition, the anterior margin of the basis of the male gnathopod 2 is weakly concave in B. acuticoxa sp. nov., but more or less straight in both B. aequimanus and B. teleporus. Distribution. Kuwait., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on pages 405-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Stebbing, T. R. R. (1899) Revision of Amphipoda. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 3, 350.","Schellenberg, A. (1938) Litorale Amphipoden des tropischen Pazifiks nach Sammlungen von Prof. Bock (Stockholm), Prof. Dahl (Berlin) und Prof. Pietschmann (Wein). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, Series 3, 16 (6), 1 - 105.","Barnard, K. H. (1955) Additions to the fauna-list of South African Crustacea and Pycnogonida. Annals of the South African Museum, 43 (1), 1 - 107.","Ledoyer, M. (1983) Crustaces amphipodes gammariens. Familles des Acanthonotozomatidae a Gammaridae. Faune de Madagascar, 59 (1), 1 - 598."]}

Cymadusa filosa Savigny, 1816 Cymadusa filosa Savigny, 1816: 51, 109, pl. IV, fig. 1 a, b, e, i, o, u.��� Monod, 1971: 176 ���184, figs 66���78.��� Krapp-Schickel, 1982: 106 ���108, figs 71, 72, key.��� Ledoyer, 1983: 130 ���135, figs 44���46.��� Ledoyer, 1984: 15 ���18, figs 5, 6.��� Lyons and Myers, 1990: 1203, figs 7, 8.��� Peart, 2004: 304, figs 1���4. Ampithoe filosa.��� Audouin, 1826: 93, pl. XI, figs 4, 5. Grubia hirsuta Chevreux, 1900: 95 ���101, figs 1���5.��� Chevreux and Fage, 1925: 339 ���340, fig. 347.��� Schellenberg, 1925: 186 ��� 187. Grubia coei Kunkel, 1910: 97, fig. 38. Grubia filosa.��� Ruffo, 1938: 147, 172.��� Ruffo, 1947: 169 ���173, figs 1���3.��� Ruffo, 1959: 19; Ruffo, 1969: 62 ���63.��� Oliveira, 1953: 358 ���364, figs 22, 23. Grubia sardenta Oliveira, 1953: 365, pls 25, 26. Cymadusa sardenta.��� Sivaprakasam: 1970: 153 ���156, fig. 13. Material. 3 males, 7 females (NHMUK 2015. 3133���3142), grab sample on bare sand benthos in phase A 1, Sea City, 25 May 2014, M. Nithyanandan. Remarks. This species has long caused taxonomic confusion. Peart (2004), redescribed C. filosa and designated a neotype from the Mediterranean Sea (Sardinia). Present material agrees well with Mediterranean material and is therefore attributed to C. filosa Savigny., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on pages 409-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Savigny, J. - C. (1816) Observations generales sur la bouche des arachnidesdes crustaces et des entomostraces. Memories sur les Animaux sans Vertebres, Premiere Partie, 1816, 39 - 117. [Paris]","Monod, T. (1971) Sur quelques crustaces de Tulear (Madagascar). Tethys, 1 [Supplement], 165 - 192.","Krapp-Schickel, G. (1982) Family Amphithoidae. Memoires de l'Institute Oceanographique, Monaco, 13, 94 - 110.","Ledoyer, M. (1983) Crustaces amphipodes gammariens. Familles des Acanthonotozomatidae a Gammaridae. Faune de Madagascar, 59 (1), 1 - 598.","Ledoyer, M. (1984) Les gammariens (Crustacea, Amphipoda) des herbiers de phanerogames marines de Nouvelle Caledonie (region de Noumea). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Series A, Zoology, 129, 1 - 113.","Lyons, J. & Myers, A. A. (1990) Amphipoda Gammaridea from coral rubble in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea: Families Acanthonotozomatidae, Ampeliscidae, Anamixidae, Aoridae and Colomastigidae. Journal of Natural History, 24, 1197 - 1225. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939000770731","Peart, R. A. (2004) A revision of the Cymadusa filosa complex (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Corophioidea: Ampithoidae). Journal of Natural History, 38, 301 - 336.","Audouin, V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de crustaces de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny, membre de l'Institut; offrant un expose des caracteres naturels des genres, avec la distinction des especes. Description de l'Egypte, Histoire Naturelle, 1, 77 - 98.","Chevreux, E. (1900) Campagnes de la Melita. Description d'un amphipode nouveau appartenant au genre Grubia Czerniawski. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 25, 95 - 101.","Chevreux, E. & Fage, L. (1925) Amphipodes. Faune de France 9, 1 - 488.","Schellenberg, A. (1925) Crustacea VIII: Amphipoda. Beitr a ge zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas, 1925, 111 - 204. [Hamburg]","Kunkel, B. W. (1910) The Amphipoda of Bermuda. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 16, 1 - 116.","Ruffo, S. (1938) Studi sui Crostacei Anfipodi. VIII. Gli Anfipodi marine del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. (a) Gli Anfipodi del Mediterraneo. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova, 60, 127 - 151.","Ruffo, S. (1947) Studi sui crostacei anfipodi XIII. Sulle specie mediterranee del gen. Cymadusa Sav. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano, 86, 167 - 177.","Ruffo, S. (1959) Contributions to the knowledge of the Red Sea No. 13. Contributo alla conoscenze degli anfipodi del Mar Rosso (1) (Materiali raccolti a Ghardaqa e nel Golfo di Aqaba). Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa, 20, 1 - 26.","Ruffo, S. (1969) Studi sui crostacei anfipodi. LXVII. Terzo contributo alla conoscenza degli anfipodi del Mar Rosso. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, 17, 1 - 77.","Oliveira, L. P. H. (1953) Crustacea Amphipoda do Rio de Janeiro. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 51, 289 - 376.","Sivaprakasam, T. E. (1970) Amphipoda from the east coast of India - 2 Gammaridea and Caprellidea. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 67 (2), 153 - 170."]}

Dulichiella fresnelii (Audouin, 1826) (Fig. 20) Gammarus fresnelii Audouin, 1826: 93, pl. 11, fig. 3. Amphithoe fresnelii.��� H. Milne Edwards, 1830: 377.���H. Milne Edwards, 1840: 38. Paramoera fresnelii.��� Miers, 1875: 75. Melita fresnelii.��� Della Valle, 1893: 708 (in part).��� Spandl, 1924: 53, fig. 19. Dulichiella fresneli.��� Karaman & Barnard, 1979: 153.��� Barnard & Barnard, 1983: 668 (in part = D. cotesi (Giles, 1890). Dulichiella fresnelii.��� Lowry & Springthorpe, 2007: 27, figs 19���22. Material. 3 males, 2 females (NHMUK 2015. 3241���3245), North Gate, rock and associated seaweeds and hydroids on sides of concrete north tidal gate, within Sea City waterways, collected by diving, D.K. Raja, 19 April 2014; 1 male (NHMUK 2015. 3246), mixed rock/sand, Ocklemann sledge on mixed rock/sand benthos in phase A 1 Sea City, M. Nithyanandan, 18 April 2014; 1 female (NHMUK 2015. 3247), mixed rubble, Ocklemann sledge on mixed rock/sand benthos at station NS04 phase A 1 Sea City, M. Nithyanandan, 21 October 2014. Remarks. Present material agrees well with the original description (Audouin 1826) as well as with a recent redescription in Lowry & Springthorpe (2007)., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Audouin, V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de crustaces de l'Egypte et de la Syrie, publiees par Jules-Cesar Savigny, membre de l'Institut; offrant un expose des caracteres naturels des genres, avec la distinction des especes. Description de l'Egypte, Histoire Naturelle, 1, 77 - 98.","Milne Edwards, H. (1830) Extrait de recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des crustaces amphipodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 20, 353 - 399, pls. 310, 311.","Milne Edwards, H. (1840) Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologe et la classification de ces animaux. Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret, 638 pp. [Paris]","Miers, E. J. (1875) Descriptions of new species of Crustacea collected at Kerguelen's Island by the Rev. A. E. Eaton. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 16, 73 - 76.","Della Valle, A. (1893) Gammarini del Golfo di Napoli. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, 20, 1 - 948, pls. 941 - 961.","Spandl, H. (1924) Expeditionen S. M. Schiff ' Pola' in das Rote Meer. Nordliche und Sudliche Halfte, 1895 / 96 - 1897 / 98. Zoologische Ergebnisse 35. Die Amphipoden des Roten Meeres. Denckschriften Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 99, 19 - 73.","Karaman, G. S. & Barnard, J. L. (1979) Classificatory revisions in gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea), Part 1. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 106 - 165.","Barnard, J. L. & Barnard, C. M. (1983) Freshwater Amphipoda of the World. Vol. I. Evolutionary Patterns. Vol. II. Handbook and Bibliography. Hayfield Associates, Mount Vernon, Virginia, 830 pp.","Lowry, J. K. & Springthorpe, R. T. (2007) A revision of the tropical / temperate amphipod genus Dulichiella Stout, 1912, and the description of a new Atlantic genus Verdeia gen. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Melitidae). Zootaxa, 1424, 1 - 62."]}

Photis hawaiensis J.L. Barnard, 1955 (Figs 14, 15) Photis hawaiensis J.L. Barnard, 1955: 33 ���37, figs 18, 19.��� J.L. Barnard, 1970: 191, 192, fig. 123. Material. 4 males, 2 females (NHMUK 2015. 3192���3197), A 2 S 4 Ocklemann sledge, benthos, Sea City, Kuwait, 22 October 2014, M. Nithyanandan. Remarks. Despite the large distances that separate this material from the only other known locality (Hawaii), this material agrees well with the material described by J.L. Barnard (1955) and later (J.L. Barnard 1970). Anthropogenic dispersal cannot be ruled out., Published as part of Myers, Alan A. & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2016, The Amphipoda of Sea City, Kuwait. ��� The Senticaudata (Crustacea), pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 4072 (4) on page 418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/266752, {"references":["Barnard, J. L. (1955) Gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) in the collections of the Bishop Museum. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 215, 1 - 46.","Barnard, J. L. (1970) Sublittoral Gammaridea (Amphipoda) of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 34, 1 - 286. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.34"]}

Genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 Restricted synonymy. Eurydice Leach 1815: 354, 370.��� Jones, 1971: 201.��� Bruce 1986: 11.��� Brusca et al. 1995: 40.��� Schotte & Kensley 2005: 1232. Type species: Eurydice pulchra Leach 1815, by monotypy. Remarks: Recent diagnoses to the genus have been given by Bruce (1986), Brusca et al. (1995), Kensley and Schotte (1989) and Schotte and Kensley (2005). The genus can be identified by the geniculate antennule peduncle which has article 2 at right angles to article 1; in all species pleonite 5 has completely free lateral margins. The antennal peduncle is 4 -articulate, the frontal lamina is reduced and the clypeus projects ventrally. The maxilliped endite lacks coupling hooks, and the appendix masculina is inserted medially. The uropod rami do not project beyond the pleotelson apex. Further information on the diversity and distribution of the genus is given in the distribution section. Keys to Australian and Indian Ocean species may be found in Bruce (1986) and Schotte and Kensley (2005) respectively, while Bruce and Soares (1996) provide a key for South African species. The present work provides a key to Eurydice found in the Arabian region., Published as part of Jones, David Alan & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2012, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species, pp. 45-57 in Zootaxa 3314 on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210845, {"references":["Jones, D. A. (1971) The systematics and ecology of some sand beach isopods (Crustacea: Eurydicidae) from the coast of Kenya. Journal of Zoology, London, 178, 209 - 222.","Bruce, N. L. (1986) Cirolanidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 6, 1 - 239.","Brusca, R. C., Wetzer, R. & France, S. C. (1995) Cirolanidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Flabellifera) of the tropical eastern Pacific. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 30, 1 - 96.","Schotte, M. & Kensley, B. (2005) New species and new records of Flabellifera from the Indian Ocean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda). Journal of Natural History 39, (16), 1211 - 1282.","Bruce, N. L. & Soares, A. G. (1996) Taxonomy and ecology of sandy beach Eurydice (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the West coast of South Africa. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 37, 77 - 98."]}

Key to species of Eurydice from the Arabian region 1. Uropod endopod twice or almost twice (1.8���2.3) width of exopod and exceeding length of exopod by up to 1.25 times; posterior margin of pleotelson with 2 or 4 robust setae........................................................ 2 - Uropod endopod less than twice (1.5���1.7) width of exopod and exceeding length of exopod by over 1.4 times; posterior margin of pleotelson without robust setae at most simple or plumose setae............................................... 5 2. Antennal flagellum reaching at least to pereonite 5, antennal peduncle article 3 with 6���17 setae; posterior margin of pleotelson with 4 robust setae.................................................................................... 3 - Antennal flagellum reaching only to mid-length of pereonite 1; antennal peduncle article 3 with 5 setae; posterior margin of pleotelson with 2 robust setae.............................................................. Eurydice paxilli 3. Antennal flagellum not reaching beyond pereon; antennal peduncle article 3 with 6���9 setae; posterior margin of pleotelson with 4 robust setae..................................................................................... 4 - Antennal flagellum reaching beyond second pleonite; antennal peduncle article 3 with 17 setae; posterior margin of pleotelson narrow with 4 robust and 8 simple setae............................ Eurydice indicis (India not Arabian region as yet) 4. Antennal flagellum reaching to mid seventh pereonite; posterior margin of pleotelson one third of pleotelson width with 4 robust setae and circa 15 plumose setae................................. Eurydice peraticis (India and Arabian Gulf) - Antennal flagellum reaching fifth pereonite; antennal peduncle article 3 with 6 setae; posterior margin of pleotelson one fifth of width of pleotelson width with 4 robust setae and 6 plumose setae........... Eurydice arabica (Red Sea���Arabian Gulf) 5. Antennal flagellum reaching mid pleon or beyond; peduncle article 3 with 5 setae; pleotelson posterior margin truncate without robust setae but with 6 plumose and 2 simple seta; tip of appendix masculina pointed............................... 6 - Antennal flagellum reaching end of pereon; pedunclular article 3 with 3 setae; pleotelson posterior margin slightly rounded without robust setae but with 6 plumose and 8 simple setae; tip of appendix masculina blunt........................................................................................... Eurydice marzouqui sp. nov. (Arabian Gulf) 6. Antennal flagellum reaching pleonite 2, antennule flagellum reaching pereonite 1; hind margins of pleonites serrated; pleotelson posterior margin with 5 equal apical teeth; appendix masculina with lateral terminal point........................................................................................ Eurydice marisrubri sp. nov. (Red Sea) - Antennal flagellum reaching beyond mid pleotelson, antennule flagellum reaching pereonite 3, hind margins of pleonites smooth; pleotelson posterior margin with 7 apical teeth, central 3 pronounced; appendix masculina with terminal point straight...................................................................... Eurydice tridentata sp. nov. (Red Sea), Published as part of Jones, David Alan & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2012, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species, pp. 45-57 in Zootaxa 3314 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210845

Eurydice peraticis Jones, 1974 (Figs 4 j, 5 c) Eurydice peraticis Jones 1974: 204, fig. 3 a���g.��� Eleftheriou & Jones 1976: 387.��� Bruce 1986: 221.��� Kazmi et al. 2002: 91, fig. 66 a���g. Material examined. 135 males and females juv. (SMF 39707) intertidal sand, Bahrain sta. 85085 A 2, coll. D.A. Jones 1985; 14 males and females juv. (SMF 39708), intertidal sand, Kuwait, sta. 5157 ���01, coll. D.A. Jones 2001. Remarks. These large collections of E. peraticis include male specimens of up to 4.0 mm in length. Examination of the appendix masculina of adult males of 4.0 mm reveal that the appendix masculina has a distinct, pointed apical process, which was absent in the holotype described by Jones (1974). The holotype was 3.3 mm in length and may not have been fully developed, although pereopod 7 was fully setose. The appendix masculina of an adult (4.0 mm) male E. peraticis is shown in Fig. 4 j together with the pleotelson posterior margin (Fig. 5 c)., Published as part of Jones, David Alan & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2012, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species, pp. 45-57 in Zootaxa 3314 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210845, {"references":["Jones, D. A. (1974) The systematics and ecology of some sand beach isopods (family Cirolanidae) from the coasts of Saudi Arabia. Crustaceana, 26 (2), 201 - 211.","Eleftheriou, A. & Jones, D. A. (1976) The genus Eurydice on the west coast of India. Journal Zoological Society, London, 178, 385 - 394.","Bruce, N. L. (1986) Cirolanidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 6, 1 - 239.","Kazmi, Q. B., Schotte, M. & Yousuf, F. (2002) An illustrated key to the Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the northern Arabian Sea, Part-V: Isopoda. Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, 11 (1 & 2), 47 - 116."]}

Eurydice tridentata sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 4 d���f) Eurydice inermis. Bruce & Jones 1978: 397, fig. 6 h (not E. inermis Hansen, 1890). Material examined. Holotype. Male (SMF 34843): sta. RS 112 near Eilat, Israel, Red Sea, ichthyoplankton, coll. L. Fishelson, 4 Feb. 1985. Paratypes: 3 males, 2 females (SMF 34844): sta. RS 112 near Eilat, Israel, Red Sea, ichthyoplankton, coll. L. Fishelson 4 Feb. 1985, same locality as type material 3 males, 2 females R 138 (SMF 39703), R 20 1 male (SMF 39704), RS 136 1 male, 3 females, juv. (SMF 39705) coll. L. Fishelson, 1986. Description. Male holotype: Body, 4.8 mm in length, 3.2 times as long as greatest width at pereonite 5. Cephalon anterior margin rounded, eyes well developed with 7 ocelli horizontally and 5 vertically. Coxae 2���7 with acute angles at posterolateral margins, those of 6���7 produced. Pleonites 2���5 equal in length, pleonite 1 narrow, half length of others. Ventral margins of pleonites 2���5 acute, posterior margin of pleonite 5 straight. Pleotelson 1.3 times wider than long and 4.6 times wider than posterior margin which is truncate and bordered by pronounced teeth. Posterior margin bears 7 apical teeth with the 3 central teeth pronounced; 6 plumose and 2 simple marginal setae are present. Antennule reaching to posterior margin of pereonite 3, peduncle articles 2 and 3 subequal in length, each bearing a single seta on anterior margin; flagellum of 4 articles, article 1 equal in length to articles 2���4 combined; all articles bearing elongate aesthetascs; flagellar article 4 with 5 terminal setae, one of which is stiff and is twice the length of the combined antennular articles. Antenna reaching to midlength of pleotelson; length of peduncular articles 1 and 2 combined just exceeds length of article 3; article 4 just shorter than combined length of articles 1���3. Article 2 anterodistal angle with 3 simple setae, article 3 with 3 setae and article 4 with 8 anterior marginal setae. Flagellum with 23 articles, proximal articles half the length of distal articles; each article with 2 long and 1 short setae on anterodistal angle and a plicate process on posteroproximal angle. Setae on article 21 over half length of article 22, terminal seta equal in length to last 3 flagellar articles. Mandible spine row with 6 spines; molar process anterior margin with 17 spines. Terminal article of mandibular pulp 5 times as long as broad with 9 setae. Article 2 with 2 long setae on posterodistal angle, reaching beyond apex of palp. Maxillule lateral lobe with 13 spines on gnathal surface, medial lobe with 3 stout circumplumose setae and 2 simple setae. Maxilla as for other species in the genus (not figured). Maxilliped palp with all articles entire, terminal article of palp with 10 simple setae; endite with 1 plumose and 2 simple setae. Pereopod 1 moderately setose with robust seta opposing dactylus half length of dactylus; posterior margin of ischium with 2 robust setae. Merus anterodistal angle without robust setae but with 9 simple setae; posterior margin with 5 robust setae. Pereopod 2 similar but with robust seta opposing dactylus only one third length of dactylus. Two robust setae on posterior margin of ischium and 4 on posterior margin of merus, anterodistal margin with no robust setae but 11 simple setae. Pereopod 3 with 2 robust setae on posterodistal margin of propodus; merus with 3 robust setae on posterodistal margin; carpus with 4 robust setae on posterodistal margin and 2 on posterolateral margin. Ischium with 4 robust setae on posterodistal margin and one group of 2 on posterolateral margin; basis with a single robust seta on posterodistal margin and 5 simple setae. Pereopod 7 setose, propodus anterior margin with 6 robust and 4 simple setae; posterior margin with 7 robust and 8 simple setae. Merus with 8 robust and 8 simple setae on the anterior margin and 7 robust and 16 simple setae on the posterior margin. Ischium with 6 robust setae and 9 simple setae on the anterior margin and 5 robust and 6 simple setae on the posterior margin. Pleopod 1 endopod shorter and narrower than exopod; endopod with 25 and exopod with 30 plumose setae; exopod 1.25 times wider than endopod. Pleopod 2 exopod with 25 and endopod with 21 plumose setae. Appendix masculina of even width, slightly curved, terminating in a strong pointed process, distal third covered with microtrichs and extending beyond apex of endopod by one fifth of its length. Uropod endopod 1.3 times length of exopod bearing 10 plumose setae on posterior margin and 6 simple setae on lateral margin; exopod triangular with posterior margin straight and 6 setae on laterodistal angle and 7 plumose setae plus 2 simple setae on posterior margin; extending to posterior margin of pleotelson. Female: As for male but body broader, antennule shorter reaching posterior margin of pereonite 2; antenna shorter, reaching posterior margin of pereonite 4. Colour. Brown in alcohol with large black chromatophores on dorsal surface of body and ventrolateral surfaces of pleonites 1���3. Remarks. The truncate posterior margin of the pleotelson has 7 apical teeth, central 3 prominent, no robust setae, but 6 plumose and 2 simple setae. These characters together with the appendix masculina with a straight pointed apex diagnose E. tridentata sp. nov. Comparison of present material with Bruce & Jones (1978, fig 6 h) Eurydice? inermis shows that the appendix masculina of material from Yanbu, Saudi Arabia is similar to that of E. tridentata and not E. inermis Hansen. The rounded posterior pleotelson margin with 6���9 apical teeth, shorter length of antennae and absence of flagellar plicate processes in E. inermis further separates this species from E. tridentata. The only other species with a truncate pleotelson posterior margin and male antennae reaching the pleotelson is E. orientalis Hansen, 1890. Although the pleotelson posterior margin dentition of this species (Bruce 1986) is very similar to that of E. tridentata, the three central teeth are prominent in E. tridentata and only 6 plumose and two simple setae are present. The terminal process of the appendix masculina is angled and blunt in E. orientalis, but straight and pointed in E tridentata. In E. orientalis the antennule flagellum reaches no further than pereonite 1, but reaches pereonite 3 in E. tridentata, and the antennal flagellum reaches the mid pleotelson in E. tridentata but reaches the end of the pleotelson in E. orientalis. Etymology. The specific name recognises the pronounced three central teeth on the pleotelson posterior margin., Published as part of Jones, David Alan & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2012, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species, pp. 45-57 in Zootaxa 3314 on pages 48-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210845, {"references":["Bruce, N. L. & Jones, D. A. (1978) The systematics of some Red Sea Isopoda (Family Cirolandae) with descriptions of two new species. Journal Zoological Society, London, 185, 395 - 413.","Bruce, N. L. (1986) Cirolanidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 6, 1 - 239."]}

Eurydice marzouqui sp. nov. (Figs 1, 4 a���c) Material examined. Holotype. Male 3.4 mm, (SMF 34840): sta. 5 G- 3 Tarut Bay, Saudi Arabia, seagrass beds, coll. J. McCain, 11 June 1984. Paratypes: 1 male (SMF 34841): Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City Waterways, Kuwait, ichthyoplankton, coll. B. R. Sontakke, 12 May, 2008. 2 females (SMF 34842) sta 7 RG off Manifa, Saudi Arabia, seagrass beds, coll. S.M. Ali, Feb. 1986. Description. Male holotype: Body 2.9 times as long as greatest width at pereonites 4 and 5. Cephalon anterior margin evenly rounded, eyes small with 7 ocelli horizontally and 6 vertically. Coxae 2���7 with acute angles at posterolateral margins. Pleonites of equal length, pleonite 1 slightly concealed by posterior margin of pereonite 7. Ventral margins of pleonites 2���5 acute, posterior dorsal margin of pleonite 5 sinuous, centrally convex. Pleotelson as broad as long, anterior margin 5 times width of posterior margin, which is slightly rounded, and bears 6 apical teeth, 8 simple setae and 6 plumose setae. Antennule barely reaching mid-point of eye, flagellum of 4 articles, article 1 longer than combined length of articles 2���4. Antenna peduncle reaching to pereonite 1; article 1 with 2 setae on anterodistal angle, article 3 with 3 anterodistal setae; article 4 longer than articles 2 and 3 combined; flagellum of 21 articles reaching posterior margin of pereonite 7; flagellum terminal seta is 0.2 length of flagellum. Mandible spine row with 5 spines; molar process anterior margin with 14 spines. Terminal article of mandibular palp twice as long as broad, with 8 setae. Maxillule lateral lobe with 13 robust setae on gnathal surface, medial lobe with 3 stout circum plumose setae and 2 simple setae. Maxilla lateral lobe with 3 setae, middle lobe with 3 setae and medial lobe with 3 plumose and 2 simple setae. Maxilliped palp with all articles entire, terminal article with 6 simple setae; endite with 1 plumose and 2 simple setae. Pereopods 1���3 sparsely setose, pereopod 1 and 3 figured. Pereopod 1 with robust seta opposing dactylus half length of dactylus; posterior margin of ischium with 2 robust setae; merus with single anterodistal robust seta and 2 simple setae. Pereopod 2 similar but with robust seta opposing dactylus only one third length of dactylus. No robust setae on posterior margin of ischium and 3 simple setae only on anterodistal margin of merus. Pereopod 3 with 4 robust setae on the posterodistal margin of propodus and 2 robust setae on posterior margin; merus with 4 posterodistal robust setae; carpus with 3 posterodistal and 2 on the posterolateral margin. Ischium with 3 posterodistal and 2 groups of 2 robust setae on posterior margin; basis with 4 simple setae on posterodistal angle. Pereopod 7 sparsely setose, propodus anterior margin with 6 robust and 1 simple seta; posterior margin with 3 robust and 2 simple setae. Merus with 5 robust and 3 simple setae on anterior margin; posterior margin with 4 robust setae. Carpus with 4 robust and 4 simple setae on anterior margin and 4 robust setae on posterior margin. Ischium with 3 robust and 2 simple setae on anterior margin and 2 robust setae on posterior margin. Pleopod 1 with rami subequal in length, exopod with 17 plumose setae, endopod with 11, exopod 1.5 times wider than endopod. Pleopod 2 exopod and endopod with 17 and 15 plumose setae respectively. Appendix masculina of even width, distally straight, apex rounded, appendix masculina 0.7 as long as endopod, projects beyond endopod by one tenth of its length. Uropod endopod 1.4 times length of exopod, bearing 9 plumose setae on posterior margin and 5 simple setae on lateral margin. Exopod ovate with 4 simple setae on lateral margin and 6 plumose and 3 simple setae on posterior margin. Both rami do not reach pleotelson posterior margin. Female: As for male but body broader, antennae shorter reaching posterior margin of pereon segment 5. Colour. Translucent with black chromatophores on dorsal surface of cephalon, pereon and pleon, extending onto ventrolateral surfaces of pleon. Remarks. The slightly rounded posterior margin of the pleotelson with 6 equal sized apical teeth and an absence of robust setae, combined with straight appendix masculina, with a blunt unornamented apex, are the characters which diagnose E. marzouqui sp. nov. This is the first subtidal species to be recorded from the Arabian Gulf and it is separated from the intertidal species E. peraticis and E. paxilli by the absence of robust setae on the posterior margin of the pleotelson. The absence of robust setae, together with a narrow posterior pleotelson margin, are common features amongst subtidal Eurydice species, but E. marzouqui may be separated from all others by the number of apical teeth, plumose setae and appendix masculina shape. Only E. tarti Bruce 1986 has a similar rounded apex to the appendix masculina, but in E. tarti the appendix masculina is curved and the posterior margin of the pleotelson is acute. The appendix masculina of E. inermis from Greece is reproduced in Figure 5 to show that, unlike that of E. marzouqui, it broadens towards the apex which is triangular. Etymology. This species is named for Fawaz Al-Marzouq who created the Sabah Al-Ahmad Sea City in whose waterways E. marzouqui was discovered., Published as part of Jones, David Alan & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2012, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species, pp. 45-57 in Zootaxa 3314 on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210845, {"references":["Bruce, N. L. (1986) Cirolanidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 6, 1 - 239."]}

Eurydice arabica Jones, 1974 (Fig. 5 a, b) Eurydice arabica Jones 1974: 202, fig. 2 a���g.��� Bruce 1986: 221. Material examined. 3 females (SMF 40852) low tide, subtidal sand, Bahrain sta. 850805 A 5, Mashtan Island, coll. D.A. Jones 1985; 1 juv (SMF 40853) subtidal sand, Kuwait, Al-Ahmad Sea City waterways, sta. NS06 coll. B.R. Sontakke 2009. Remarks. This species has been extensively collected in the Red Sea (Jones 1974; Dexter 1986 / 7; Dexter 1989) from intertidal sand, but present records from Bahrain and Kuwait are the first for the Arabian Gulf. The appendix masculina and pleotelson posterior margin are figured (Fig. 5 a, b), together with those of E. paxilli (Fig. 5 d, e) and E. inermis (Fig. 5 f) to assist with the identification key., Published as part of Jones, David Alan & Nithyanandan, Manickam, 2012, Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eurydice Leach, 1815 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the Arabian region, including three new species, pp. 45-57 in Zootaxa 3314 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210845, {"references":["Jones, D. A. (1974) The systematics and ecology of some sand beach isopods (family Cirolanidae) from the coasts of Saudi Arabia. Crustaceana, 26 (2), 201 - 211.","Bruce, N. L. (1986) Cirolanidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 6, 1 - 239.","Dexter, D. M. (1986 - 87) Sandy beach fauna of Mediterranean and Red Sea coastlines of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula. Israel Journal of Zoology, 34, 125 - 138.","Dexter, D. M. (1989) The sandy beach fauna of Egypt. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 29, 261 - 271."]}