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2. Effects of Animated Instructional Packages on Achievement and Interest of Junior Secondary School Student in Algebra

Author

Ojo, S. G.

Abstract

This study explored the use of animation in the classroom by investigating whether or not students taught with animation will achieve better than recorded teaching. This study adopted non-equivalent control group, quasi experimental design. Eighty (80) Junior Secondary School 2 students (40 males, 40 females) from two co-educational private junior secondary schools in Bwari Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory (in Nigeria) were involved. Gender of the students and availability of functional computers determined the choice of schools hence purposive sampling was used to select six schools that have functional computer laboratories out of which two schools were randomly sampled using simple balloting with replacement. The purposive sampling means the sampling that adequately addresses the purpose of research which means in this case means schools with boys and girls and having functional computer systems. Two instruments were used for this study, namely Algebra Achievement Test (AAT) and Interest Inventory (MII). The findings showed that teaching algebra with animation can enhance achievement and interest of students in algebra. Gender had no significant influence on the performance of students exposed to animation. The implication of these findings is that teachers now have alternative strategy to teach a concept in junior secondary school. Based on the findings, it was recommended that workshops, seminars and conferences should be organized for teachers to implement the findings of this study in the classroom.

Published
2022

3. Numerical analysis on mechanical ventilation impact on indoor air quality in a basement

Author

Benjamin E. Anyaegbuna, Anthony O. Onokwai, Ndubueze T. Anyaegbuna, Sunday Iweriolor, Ikechukwu D. Anyaegbuna, Isaac K. Adegun, Ojo S. Fayomi, Desmond E. Ighravwe, and Morakinyo K. Onifade

Subjects
Bank building basement, Carbon dioxide, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), Indoor air quality, Radon, Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Science
Abstract

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in confined spaces like bank vaults and basements is influenced by complex factors such as building layout and HVAC systems. This study examines how mechanical ventilation impacts IAQ in a bank building's occupied basement vault, addressing significant challenges posed by pollutant exposure in these air-tight environments. This study advances safe IAQ in confined spaces, crucial for occupant health and safety, using CFD (ANSYS Fluent Workbench 16.0) and CONTAM 3.2 software for multi-zone ventilation and air quality analysis. It analysed three indoor pollutants: Radon (Rn), Carbon dioxide (CO2), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5), enhancing the reliability and applicability of the findings. The findings indicated that the simulated indoor pollutants concentrations did not exceed the indoor air quality guideline levels. The CFD simulations predicted average steady-state values of 27.2 Bq/m3 for Radon, 574.80 ppm for CO2, and 69.36 µg/m3 for PM2.5 in the basement. For different outdoor air floor rates, an optimal ventilation rate of 4.7 ACH and a cooling load of 17 kW were determined to maintain Radon concentrations below 15 Bq/m3. This provides a practical and actionable solution for maintaining safe IAQ in confined spaces, which is a significant step forward compared to similar studies. These results align with other experimental research, validating the use of numerical techniques in indoor air quality studies. By optimizing HVAC systems to maintain IAQ and minimize energy consumption, the study supports SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) by enhancing energy efficiency, SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by reducing exposure to indoor pollutants, and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by improving air quality management in confined spaces. The findings are particularly relevant for Africa, offering practical solutions, informing policy direction, and supporting the African Union's Agenda 2063 and SDGs 3, 7, and 11.

Published
2024
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6. Model order reduction applied to heat conduction in photovoltaic modules

Author

Ojo, S. O., Grivet-Talocia, S., and Paggi, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Modelling of physical systems may be a challenging task when it requires solving large sets of numerical equations. This is the case of photovoltaic (PV) systems which contain many PV modules, each module containing several silicon cells. The determination of the temperature field in the modules leads to large scale systems, which may be computationally expensive to solve. In this context, Model Order Reduction (MOR) techniques can be used to approximate the full system dynamics with a compact model, that is much faster to solve. Among the several available MOR approaches, in this work we consider the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM), which we apply with a suitably modified formulation that is specifically designed for handling the nonlinear terms that are present in the equations governing the thermal behaviour of PV modules. The results show that the proposed DEIM technique is able to reduce significantly the system size, by retaining a full control on the accuracy of the solution., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures

Published
2015
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11. Examination of Reinforcement Steel Bars Exposed to the Atmosphere

Author

Abere D, Ojo S A, Yahaya I O, Ayeni Ts, Abubakar U B S, Uzuh F U, Adamu U W, and Adejo O H

Subjects
Atmosphere, Materials science, genetic structures, Metallurgy, Reinforcement
Abstract

Reinforcement steel bars are often exposed to the atmosphere before use in concrete structures. This exposure results in corrosion of these reinforcement bars. Corrosion of reinforcement bars is a common form of degradation of reinforced concrete structures. The electrochemical attack affects the mechanical properties of steel rebars. This study analysed the effect of exposing reinforcing steel bars to the atmosphere. The bars were divided into two; one part was exposed to the atmosphere for a period of four months during the rainy season while the other was unexposed. Afterwards; some mechanical, corrosion and metallographic tests were carried out on the steel samples. The results obtained showed that the hardness, impact strength and ductility increased with exposure while the yield and tensile strengths decreased with exposure. The exposed bar had high corrosion rates than the unexposed bar in 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) while in 1M sodium chloride (NaCl), the corrosion rates for both the exposed and unexposed bars did not follow a particular trend

Published
2020
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14. Development of an In-Situ Composite Doped Coating for Corrosion Protection and Mechanical Properties Enhancements in Process Engineering

Author

Enejoh T. Omeje, Ojo S. I. Fayomi, and Oluwasegun T. Joshua

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Composite number, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Tribology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Indentation hardness, Corrosion, Surface coating, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Process engineering has been seen as one of the vital tools for improving surface coating phenomena for advance application. In an attempt to improve the mechanical, physical and chemical performance of the steel structure for ex-tended application, Zn-CeO2/ZnCeO2-Al2SiO5 thin film composite was fabri-cated on mild steel using direct electrolytic route. Process variation of Al2SiO5 particulate ranges from 5 to 15 g per litre. The embedded coating was charac-terized using Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical effect of the developed alloy was characterized through linear potentiodynamic polarization experiment and the performances of samples were examined in simulated 3.5% sodium chloride. The microhardness verification study proves that there is sig-nificant improvement in hardness trend. The tribological assessment indicated that there is less plastic deformation as a result of the counter body. In all, Zn-CeO2/Zn-CeO2-Al2SiO5 exhibits good stability, with agglomeration and great built up of crystal at the interface.

Published
2019
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17. Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Mimosa Pudica on Experimentally-Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia

Author

John A. O. Ojewole, R A Bejide, O S Adewole, Ojo . S. K, I O Olabanji, Adelodun S.T, Arayombo Babatunde E, A K Adefule, and K A Salako

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Mimosa pudica, Urology, H&E stain, Hyperplasia, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Sperm, Muscle hypertrophy, Prostate-specific antigen, Medicine, business, Testosterone, Corn oil
Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, a non-cancerous condition of unknown etiology, is the most common prostatic disease in men globally. The present study investigated the possible ameliorative effects of aqueous extracts of Mimosa pudica on experimentally-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats. Twenty adult, male Wistar rats weighing 120-180 g were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C, D) of five animals each. Group A, normal control, was given corn oil only; Group B rats were hormone-treated. Groups C and D rats were hormone and extract treated, and received continuous doses of 300 μg and 80 μg of testosterone and estradiol, respectively, on alternate days for three weeks subcutaneously in the inguinal region. The extract-treated rats received an additional 400 mg/kg b. w and 800 mg/kg b. w. of M. pudica orally for another four weeks. Immediately after induction of benign prostatic hypertrophy, some animals were randomly selected and sacrificed for gross inspection of prostate enlargement, prostate specific antigen analysis (PSA) and sperm count evaluation. These procedures were repeated again after four weeks of extract treatment. The prostates were excised and processed routinely for paraffin embedding and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results obtained showed significant (P

Published
2018
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24. Distribution of metals in Labeo coubie (Ruppel, 1832) from a National Park river in Nigeria.

Author

Adelakun, K. M., Ibrahim, A. O., Joshua, D. A., Adedeji, A. S., Sulyman, A., and Ojo, S. B.

Abstract

This study assesses heavy metals distribution in body parts of Labeo coubie (African carp) from River Oli, in Kainji Lake National Park as pollution index of the ecosystem. Fish parts samples (gills, muscles and vertebra bone) were prepared and specifically analyzed for the levels of Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe and Cd using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of metals in the samples at different concentrations ranged from 0.001±0.000 μg/g for Cd to 224.87±4.07 μg/g of Fe in the fish gill. There is significant (p<0.05) differences in the Pb, Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations across the different fish parts with gills accumulated the highest levels metals while Cr levels significantly (p<0.05) differed in the fish body parts and accumulated more in the muscles (10.75±0.15 μg/g). The mean concentrations of metal elements in the fish parts had shown some distinguish connection in its distributions with Pb and Cu; Gills > Muscles > Vertebra bones, Fe and Zinc; Gills > Vertebra bones > Muscles while Cr was distributed in Muscles > Gill > Vertebra bones. However, it is revealed that Labeo coubie, a euryphagus fish probably absorb these metals through ingestion of contaminated food or absorption by the gills and bioaccumulate in different fish parts. It is therefore established that River Oli is contaminated with heavy metals as presence of these metals in fish is an indication of its immediate environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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25. Ocean climate data for user community in West and Central Africa: Needs, opportunities, and challenges

Author

Ojo, S. O

Subjects
Documentation And Information Science
Abstract

The urgent need to improve data delivery systems needed by scientists studying ocean role in climate and climate characteristics has been manifested in recent years because of the unprecedented climatic events experienced in many parts of the world. Indeed, there has been a striking and growing realization by governments and the general public indicating that national economies and human welfare depend on climate and its variability. In West and Central Africa, for instance climatic events, which have resulted in floods and droughts, have caused a lot of concern to both governments and people of the region. In particular, the droughts have been so widespread that greater awareness and concern have become generated for the need to find solutions to the problems created by the consequences of the climatic events. Particularly in the southern border regions of the Sahara Desert as well as in the Sahel region, the drought episodes considerably reduced food production and led to series of socioeconomic problems, not only in the areas affected by the droughts, but also in the other parts of West Africa. The various climatic variabilities which have caused the climatic events are no doubt related to the ocean-atmosphere interactions. Unfortunately, not much has been done on the understanding of these interactions, particularly as they affect developing countries. Indeed, not much has been done to develop programs which will reflect the general concerns and needs for researching into the ocean-atmosphere systems and their implications on man-environmental systems in many developing countries. This is for example, true of West and Central Africa, where compared with the middle latitude countries, much less is known about the characteristics of the ocean-atmosphere systems and their significance on man-environmental systems of the area.

Published
1992

29. Social Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Analysis of Diaspora Social Investments

Author

Ojo, S, Ndhlovu, TP, Ndinda, C, Ojo, S, Ndhlovu, TP, and Ndinda, C

Abstract

There has been a growing interest in “social entrepreneurship”, but very few analyses have attempted to go beyond definitional disagreements in capturing the role of the diaspora within a theoretical and evidence-based framework. It is in this context that this chapter systematises competing perspectives on social entrepreneurship, that is, the neo-liberal conception, the institutional/social organisation framework and the agenda of social transformation. On the basis, we proceed to analyse how far so-called “social impact investments” in Sub-Saharan Africa by the diaspora has contributed to poverty alleviation and a fundamental social transformation. Our study will not only clarify competing viewpoints, but also place the diaspora at the centre of this process. While great strides have been made in the institutional context by the African diaspora such as Mutombo and Akon in making the world a better place, there are limitations to what they can do. Indeed, our alternative social transformation conception of social entrepreneurship teases out these limitations, politically and socially.

Published
2016

30. Struggle for Men's Minds Abroad.

Author

Davis, Saville, Miller, Raymond W., Jayanty, S. M., Lwin, M. K. M., Maegli, J. U., Nakpil, J. M., Ojo, S. O., Takeno, Y., and Vassiliadis, A. S.

Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in developing countries, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, FOREIGN investments, SOCIOLOGY of economic development, ECONOMIC systems, INTERNATIONAL trade -- Social aspects, TECHNICAL assistance, PROPAGANDA, ECONOMIC development projects, FIVE year plans, BUSINESS & politics, POLITICAL economic analysis, ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL cooperation
Abstract

The article states that undeveloped countries need knowledge and technical skills, as well as foreign investment, to improve living standards and that food, clothing, and housing should be available before propaganda is offered. Examples include: the city of Cebu in the Philippines where, according to the Bell Report, democracy is succeeding; Burma where there is a socialist form of government which experimented unsuccessfully with Communist ideology; and India, which has resources for development, is expected to seek technical aid from the West, and does not provide economic assistance to foreign investors. Topics include economic development in Greece, Nigeria, Guatemala, and Japan and the perception of American business and investors as imperialists.

Published
1952

31. Effect of Season on the Reproductive Organs of the Female African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus) in Zaria, Nigeria

Author

Ali, M. N, Onyeanusi, B. I, Ayo, J. O, Ojo, S. A, Salami, S. O, Nzalak, J. O, and Byanet, O

Subjects
Reproductive organs, Rata gigante africana, Estación, African giant Rat, Female, Órganos reproductivos, Season, Hembra
Abstract

The study was carried out to determine the effect of season on the female reproductive organs of the African Giant rat using the standard methods, with the aim of obtaining the base-line values. The weights of the oviduct/uterus, vagina and the entire tubular organ were consistently higher during the harmattan season (0.789 ± 0.07 g, 2.708 ± 0.19 g and 3.455 ± 0.25 g, respectively) than the hot dry (0.591 ± 0.02 g, 2.239 ± 0.13 g and 2.831 ± 0.14 g, respectively) and the rainy season (0.723 ± 0.04 g, 2.412 ± 0.01 g and 3.148 ± 0.12 g, respectively). The mean weight and length of the ovary were not significantly different throughout the season, suggesting that the AGR may breed throughout the year. The slight increase in the weight of the tubular organ during the harmattan (November February) and the rainy (June October) season suggests that the seasons may be favourable for breeding, probably because of the abundance of food available to the rodents in the wild during the seasons. The decrease in weights of the organs during the hot-dry season (March May) was, apparently, due to the unfavourable climatic conditions and food scarcity during the season. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide base -line morphometric data on the female reproductive organs of the AGR across the seasons. Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar el efecto de las estaciones en los órganos reproductores femeninos de la rata gigante Africana mediante los métodos estándar, con el objetivo de obtener los valores basales. El peso del oviducto/útero, vagina y el órgano tubular completo fueron consistentemente más altos durante harmattan (la estación seca en Nigeria) (0,789±0,07 g, 2,708±0,19g y 3,455±0,25, respectivamente) que la estación seca-calurosa (0,591 ± 0,02 g, 2.239 ±0,13g y 2.831±0,14, respectivamente) y la estación de lluvias (0,723±0,04 g, 2,412±0,01 y 3,148±0,12 g, respectivamente). La media de peso y longitud del ovario no fueron significativamente diferentes a lo largo de las estaciones, lo que sugiere que la rata gigante africana puede reproducirse durante todo el año. El ligero aumento en el peso del órgano tubular en las estaciones de harmattan (noviembre - febrero) y de lluvias (junio-octubre), sugiere que las estaciones pueden ser favorables para la reproducción, probablemente debido a la abundancia de alimentos disponibles para los roedores silvestres durante estas temporadas. La disminución en el peso de los órganos durante la estación cálida y seca (marzo - mayo) fue, al parecer, debido a las desfavorables condiciones climáticas y la escasez de alimentos durante la estación. En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio proporcionan una línea base de datos morfométricos para los órganos reproductores de la rata gigante africana hembra a través de las estaciones.

Published
2011

44. Effects of ficus exasperata vahl. (moraceae) leaf aqueous extract on the renal function of streptozotocin-treated rats.

Author

Adewole, S. O., Ojo, S. K., Adenowo, T. K., Salako, A. A., Naicker, T., and Ojewole, J. A. O.

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible reno-protective effect of Ficus exasperata leaf aqueous extract (FEE) in a rat experimental paradigm of diabetes mellitus. Forty Wistar rats (weighing 200-230 g) were divided into four (A, B, C, and D) groups, each group consisting of 10 rats. Group A rats served as 'control' animals and received citrate buffer (pH 6.3) solution in quantities equivalent to intraperitoneally-administered volumes of streptozotocin (STZ) and FEE. Diabetes mellitus was induced in Groups B and C rats by intraperitoneal injections of STZ (75 mg/kg). Group C rats were additionally treated with FEE (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) 4 weeks post STZ injections, for 4 consecutive weeks. Group D rats received FEE (100 mg/kg/day p.o.) only for 4 weeks. Post-euthanisation, kidney tissues were excised for histopathological evaluation and processed for light microscopy. Plasma malondialdehyde and tissue nitric oxide were determined. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, nitrite, and albumin concentrations were measured for the evaluation of renal function. The diabetic rats significantly lost more weight and their blood glucose levels were significantly elevated as compared to the 'control' group of animals. Renal dysfunction was evidenced by kidney hypertrophy, decreased renal blood flow, and increased serum creatinine and nitrite concentrations. Furthermore, vascular dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased carotid blood flow, was observed in the diabetic rats. FEE treatment positively ameliorated the alterations in the biochemical variables in the STZ + FEE-treated rats. In conclusion, our findings suggest that FEE treatment ameliorates STZ-induced nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

46. An examination of income generation potential of aquaculture farms in alleviating household poverty: Estimation and policy implications from Nigeria

Author

Kolawole Ogundari and Ojo, S. O.

Subjects
Income poverty,resource- use,productivity,technical efficiency, income poverty, resource- use, productivity, technical efficiency
Abstract

This study examines income generation potential and resource-use efficiency of 120 aquaculture farms in Oyo state Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using gross margin and stochastic frontier production (SFP) model. Result of gross margin (GM) shows that the farms were quite profitable with an average GM of N207, 000 per annum. The SFP model reveals that, elasticities of all considered inputs were positive and significantly different from zero. Returns to scale of 1.16 computed as sum of the inputs elasticities suggests that, an average farm from the study exhibits increasing returns to scale. Further analyses reveal that, an average technical efficiency estimate of about 81% was obtained from SFP model. This suggests that, about 19% potential yield are forgone due to inefficiency from the study. The result of sources of technical efficiency differential shows that extension; education, stocking density, and credit significantly influenced technical efficiency of the farms. Also, result of simulated marginal effects of these variables on technical efficiency shows that extension has the highest marginal effects on the efficiency estimates followed by credit, education, and stocking density. The study, therefore, suggests that, significant level of profit obtained from the study is synonymous to improve efficiency environment observed among the farms as promotion of aquaculture development has the potential in alleviating household income poverty in the country. peerReviewed

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