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In this work, the impacts of OFF-state gate bias (VGS,OFF) on dynamic on-resistance (RON) are systematically investigated in commercial Schottky-type p-GaN Gate high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Double-pulse tester (DPT) and PIV system are adopted to evaluate the dynamic RON with various OFF-state gate and drain bias (VDS,OFF) under hard- and soft-switching conditions. More negative VGS,OFF can aggravate the dynamic RON degradation under both soft- and hard-switching, especially when switching with a high VDS,OFF. The impacts of VGS,OFF on switching transients and OFF-state stress are investigated separately to reveal the underlying mechanisms, which are found to be associated with the generation and movements of holes. OFF-state gate bias of the voltage-driving scheme needs to be carefully considered according to the identified mechanisms in terms of dynamic on-resistance degradation.

Short-term energy deficits impair anabolic hormones and muscle protein synthesis. However, the effects of prolonged energy deficits on resistance training (RT) outcomes remain unexplored. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of PubMed and SportDiscus for randomized controlled trials performing RT in an energy deficit (RT+ED) for ≥3 weeks. We first divided the literature into studies with a parallel control group without an energy deficit (RT+CON; Analysis A) and studies without RT+CON (Analysis B). Analysis A consisted of a meta-analysis comparing gains in lean mass (LM) and strength between RT+ED and RT+CON. Studies in Analysis B were matched with separate RT+CON studies for participant and intervention characteristics, and we qualitatively compared the gains in LM and strength between RT+ED and RT+CON. Finally, Analyses A and B were pooled into a meta-regression examining the relationship between the magnitude of the energy deficit and LM. Analysis A showed LM gains were impaired in RT+ED vs RT+CON (effect size (ES) = −0.57, p = 0.02), but strength gains were comparable between conditions (ES = −0.31, p = 0.28). Analysis B supports the impairment of LM in RT+ED (ES: −0.11, p = 0.03) vs RT+CON (ES: 0.20, p < 0.001) but not strength (RT+ED ES: 0.84; RT+CON ES: 0.81). Finally, our meta-regression demonstrated that an energy deficit of ~500 kcal · day−1 prevented gains in LM. Individuals performing RT to build LM should avoid prolonged energy deficiency, and individuals performing RT to preserve LM during weight loss should avoid energy deficits >500 kcal day−1.

Study Design: Biomechanical study.Purpose: To quantitatively investigate the effect of screw size on screw fixation in osteoporotic vertebrae with finite element analysis (FEA)Overview of Literature: Osteoporosis poses a challenge in spinal instrumentation; however, the selection of screw size is directly related to fixation and is closely dependent on each surgeon’s experience and preference.Methods: Total 1,200 nonlinear FEA with various screw diameters (4.5–7.5 mm) and lengths (30–50 mm) were performed on 25 patients (seven men and 18 women; mean age, 75.2±10.8 years) with osteoporosis. The axial pullout strength, and the vertebral fixation strength of a paired-screw construct against flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were examined. Thereafter, we calculated the equivalent stress of the bone-screw interface during nondestructive loading. Then, using diameter parameters (screw diameter or screw fitness in the pedicle [%fill]), and length parameters (screw length or screw depth in the vertebral body [%length]), multiple regression analyses were performed in order to evaluate the factors affecting various fixations.Results: Larger diameter and longer screws significantly increased the pullout strength and vertebral fixation strength; further, they decreased the equivalent stress around the screws. Multiple regression analyses showed that the actual screw diameter and %length were factors that had a stronger effect on the fixation strength than %fill and the actual screw length. Screw diameter had a greater effect on the resistance to screw pullout and flexion and extension loading (β =0.38–0.43, p

A stepped split triple-gate SOI LDMOS with P/N strip (P/N SSTG SOI LDMOS) is proposed, which has ultralow specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) and low switching losses. The proposed device has a triple-gate (TG) and stepped split gates (SSGs). P strip, N-drift and oxide trench are alternately arranged in the Z direction. Meanwhile, the SSGs are located in the oxide trench of the N-drift region and are distributed in steps. Firstly, the TG increases the channel width (Wch) and has the effect of modulating current distribution, resulting in lower Ron,sp and higher transconductance (gm). Secondly, the SSGs serve as the field plate to assist the depletion of the N-drift region, increasing the optimal doping concentration of the N-drift region (Nd-opt) and further reducing the Ron,sp. Moreover, the SSGs also have the effect of modulating the electric field distribution to maintain a high breakdown voltage (BV). Meanwhile, gate-drain charge (QGD) and switching losses are reduced on account of the introduction of the SSGs. Thirdly, in the off-state, the P strip and SSGs multidimensional assisted depletion of the N-drift region, which greatly increases the Nd-opt. The highly doped N-drift region provides a low-resistance path for the current, which also further reduces Ron,sp. Compared with triple-gate (TG) SOI LDMOS with almost equal breakdown voltage, the Ron,sp and QGD of P/N SSTG SOI LDMOS are reduced by 62% and 63%, respectively.

To achieve lower specific ON-resistance ( ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ ), a novel accumulation lateral double-diffused MOSFET (ALDMOS) characterized by a convex-shaped field plate (CFP) structure is proposed and investigated experimentally. The CFP structure above the ${N}$ -drift region consists of two diodes, with its contact regions embedding into the drain and source region. Hence, the proposed device could shrink the drift length and utilize the drift region effectively to sustain the same level of breakdown voltage in the OFF-state. Furthermore, the CFP structure enables to form a continuous electron accumulation layer at the drift surface in the ON-state. Consequently, the proposed CFP ALDMOS could obtain an ultralow ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ and achieve a better tradeoff relationship between BV and ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ . The experimental results show that the CFP ALDMOS realizes a BV of 448 V and ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ of 16.9 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ cm2 with an extremely high figure of merit of 11.87 MW/cm2, decreasing ${R}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON},\text {SP}}}$ by 55.6% compared with theoretical triple-REduced SURface Field (RESURF) LDMOS at the same BV.

The topicality of works for testing roofs on resistance to external fire influence for creation the conditions of improving the level of fire safety for construction in Ukraine is shown. The expediency of introducing in Ukraine а separate method for the extended application of test results of roofing materials , namely the test method № 2 in accordance with DSTU CEN/ТS 1187: 2016 "Methods of testing roofs by external fire (CEN/TS 1187: 2012, IDT)" was confirmed. For the first time in Ukraine, at the level of European approaches, the design and working design documentation of а test stand for testing of roofs on resistance to external fire influence has been developed. The general appearance and composition of the stand, including the ignition source, are given. Technical characteristics of the stand have been determined. The parameters of gas supply to the ignition source are substantiated and experimentally confirmed. Technical characteristics of the created stand allow to саrrу out tests of roofs test specimens with standardized size of basis, thickness of the test specimen to 200 mm and weight to 30 kg. The means of measuring equipment necessary for carrying out tests are given. The procedure of calibration of the stand, the procedure of carrying out tests and requirements for evaluation of test results are given. Materials for verification of the stand have been prepared, the results of which will certify the basic parameters, technical characteristics and actual values of standardized metrological indicators guaranteed bу the developer and manufacturer of the stand for testing of roofs on resistance to external fire influence in accordance with the requirements and methods given in DSTU CEN/TS 1187: 2016. Suggestions for further use of test results on the created stand are given.

The carrier transport, ferroelectric and resistance switching properties of Bi0.9Er0.1Fe0.99Mn0.01O3/Zn1−xCuxO (BEFM/ZCuxO, x = 0.00–0.09) composite films were studied to elucidate the correlation between ferroelectricity and resistance switching and the formation mechanism of resistance switching behavior. BEFM/ZCuxO films are a combination of bulk conduction and interfacial conduction, and interface conduction is dominant. The BEFM/ZnO thin film exhibits a rectifying diode effect, and BEFM can regulate the carrier transport at the interface through ferroelectric polarization to achieve the regulation of resistance state. However, the ferroelectricity of the BEFM/ZCuxO composite films has almost disappeared, and its resistance switching behavior can be achieved by adjusting the change of the interface barrier through the transport of oxygen vacancies. The resistance switching effect of BEFM/ZCuxO composite films may have potential applications in the field of non-volatile storage and multifunction storage.

Vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease, caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae, is one of the cocoa diseases responsible for decreasing cocoa production and declining cocoa plantation area in Indonesia. Planting cocoa clones with partial resistance to VSD has been useful in managing the disease. These have been produced by grafting or budding selected resistant genotype of cocoa onto unselected seedlings. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rootstock × scion combinations on VSD resistance through top grafting. The experiment used five rootstocks and scions selected from five clones, namely: MCC-01, Sulawesi 1 (S-1), M-05, RB, BB-01 and the disease evaluation was carried out under natural infection conditions for 18 months. The experimental area was surrounded by cocoa trees from a severely VSD-infested cocoa farm. M-05 performed well for suppression of VSD incidence and severity as a scion regardless of the genotype of the rootstocks followed by Sulawesi 1 (S-1). The rootstocks M-05 and S-1 did not significantly reduce VSD incidence or severity on the susceptible scions from different clones such as MCC-01, RB and BB-01. MCC-01 showed a higher incidence and severity of VSD as a scion regardless of the rootstock genotype. This research proves that rootstocks from cocoa genotypes considered resistant, moderately susceptible, or susceptible to VSD, have little effect on cocoa scion resistance to VSD. Cocoa scion genotypes play a crucial role in VSD resistance.

The effect of microelement manganese top-dressing on resistance of soft wheat to powdery mildew № pathogen was studied. То study the effect of the element manganese on the development of the pathogen, wheat seedlings were fed with а 0,2% solution of КМn04. Infected plants not fed with the test solution served as control.Observations on the intensity of germination of conidia of the powdery mildew pathogen on wheat leaves showed that the spomlation of conidia in the variant with feeding with 0,2% КМn04 solution was lower than in the control variant. We found that in the control variant without the use of а КМn04 solution, the colonies of powdery mildew fungus were characterized Ьу abundant spomlation, the formation of а halo was observed. In the experimental variant the growth and reproduction of conidia proceeded more slowly and halos were not noticeaЫe. In this study in the control variant ofthe experiment, the predominance of conidial chains in the colonies ofthe powdery mildew pathogen was noted in comparison with the variant with feeding.Thus, it was found that feed solution of0,2% КМn04 leads to а decrease in the formation of appressoria and the number of visiЫe colonies of the powdery mildew pathogen on wheat leaves. The presented results confIГm that top-dressing with microelement manganese enhances resistance ofwheat against powdery mildew.

We present a comprehensive study of the ON-resistance ( ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ) of Ga2O3 trench-MOS Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), with a focus on the effect of sidewall interface trapping. Capacitance–voltage characteristics of MOS-capacitors and current–voltage characteristics of trench SBDs were all repeatedly measured under increasing forward-bias stress voltage to at least +15 V. Both reveal an increase in negative charges trapped near the MOS interface under increasing forward bias, as well as slow detrapping. The slow detrapping in trench SBDs causes a current collapse and a delayed turn-on behavior in the trench SBDs due to sidewall depletion. Through modeling of the fresh ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , we found that the sidewall depletion can be eliminated under sufficiently high forward bias. Interestingly, the dynamic ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ under the forward-bias stress is lower than the fresh ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ . Such an anomalous behavior is well-explained by analytical calculation of the apparent differential ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , which can be lowered by a modulation of fin-channel conductivity under forward bias. This study highlights the importance of sidewall interface quality in trench-MOS SBDs and calls for scrutiny on the interpretation of the apparent differential ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ , as artificially low values may arise due to the voltage dependence of ${R} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ .

Our research evaluates the efficacy of higher in comparison with moderate animal-based protein intake on resistance exercise training-induced muscle strength, clinical biomarkers, and gut microbiota in middle-aged adults through a dietary counseling-controlled intervention. Higher protein intake did not potentiate training adaptations, nor did the intervention effect disease biomarkers. Both diet and exercise modified gut microbiota composition. Collectively, moderate amounts of high-quality, animal-based protein is sufficient to promote resistance exercise adaptations at the onset of aging.

An accumulation-mode lateral double-diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) is proposed and its mechanism is investigated in this article. To optimize the tradeoff between breakdown voltage (BV) and specific ON-resistance ( ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ ), the idea of separating the breakdown area from the conduction path is designed. The N-type buffer layer is adopted to obtain ideal reverse characteristics for accumulation-mode LDMOS. The electrons are introduced to eliminate the dependence of the ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ on the doping concentration of the drift region. Simulation results show that the ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ of the proposed LDMOS is 6.83 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ with the BV of 460 V, which is less than 30.2 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ that of the conventional LDMOS with the BV of 223 V for the same drift region length of $20~\mu \text{m}$ . Moreover, the ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ of ac-NBL LDMOS is only 2.07 $\text{m}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{{2}}$ , which is reduced by 93% compared with the conventional LDMOS with the same BV of 223 V. A better tradeoff between BV and ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ can be obtained by eliminating the dependence of ${R}_{\text {on,sp}}$ on the doping concentration, and the ${R}_{\text {on},\text {sp}}$ of ac-NBL LDMOS increases much more slowly than that of conventional LDMOS as BV increases.

espanolObjetivo: Es responsabilidad de los medios, como servicio publico, adaptarse a la realidad tecnologica multimedia, para seguir desempenando con eficacia su labor informativa. Sin embargo, cualquier proceso de cambio en una organizacion, implica una resistencia inicial y un proceso de adaptacion de los profesionales. Analizamos el proceso de resistencia al cambio, sus causas, consecuencias y posibles estrategias de prevencion, a traves de situaciones reales en un medio audiovisual (RTVE).Metodologia:Revision bibliografica sistematica de la literatura sobre la resistencia al cambio en los medios ante la introduccion de nuevas tecnologias y de la experiencia publicada sobre tres escenarios: digitalizacion de Informativos, Redaccion Digital Centralizada en los centros territoriales y efectos de la pandemia COVID-19. Discusion-Resultados:Se exponen mecanismos implicados en la resistencia al cambio, como ciertas caracteristicas de los profesionales (trayectoria profesional, experiencia con nuevas tecnologias) y del proceso (cambios de rol que implican salir de la zona de confort del profesional). Se presentan los mecanismos de oposicion al cambio (huelgas, rechazo encubierto) y las estrategias preventivas que resultaron eficaces (implicacion de los profesionales en el diseno del proceso, eficacia de los dinamizadores o refuerzos positivos en la forma de incentivos). Conclusiones:La profesionalidad y veterania de la plantilla pudo haber contribuido al rechazo al cambio, aunque ha garantizado el implantarlo con escasa conflictividad. Como estrategias eficaces para superar la resistencia se presentan los refuerzos positivos, la implicacion en el diseno de los profesionales y el aumento de la comunicacion bidireccional fundamentada en las propias tecnologias (redes sociales) EnglishObjective: It is the responsibility of the media, as a public service, to adapt to the multimedia technological reality, in order to continue to carry out their informative work effectively. However, any process of change in an organization implies an initial resistance and a process of adaptation by the professionals. We analyze the processof resistance to change, its causes, consequences and possible prevention strategies, through real situations in an audiovisual media (RTVE).Methodology: Systematic bibliographic review of the literature on resistance to change in the media in the face of the introduction of new technologies and the experience published on three scenarios: A new Digitalized and Centrally-accessible Information in territorial centers and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.Discussion-Results: Mechanisms involved in resistance to change are exposed, such as certain characteristics of the professionals (professional career, experience with new technologies) and of the process (role changes out of the professional's comfort zone). The mechanisms of opposition to change (strikes,disguised rejection) and the preventive strategies that were effective (involvement of professionals in the design of the process, effectiveness of facilitators or positive reinforcements in the form of incentives) are presented.Conclusions: The professionalism and seniority of the staff could have contributed to the rejection of the change, although it has guaranteed to implement it with little conflict. As effective strategies to overcome resistance, positive reinforcement, involvement in the design of professionals and the increase in two-way communication based on the technologies themselves (social networks) are presented

Flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl] is a notorious broadleaf weed that is widely distributed in winter wheat–growing areas of China and has evolved resistance to tribenuron-methyl mainly due to target-site resistance (TSR) mutations in acetolactate synthase (ALS). In the current research, two ALS genes were identified in tribenuron-methyl–susceptible (TS) or tribenuron-methyl–resistant (TR) D. sophia. Resistance mutations of Asp-376-Glu and Pro-197-Ala were identified on ALS1 and ALS2 isozymes in TR D. sophia, respectively. The TR D. sophia evolved 10,836.3-fold resistance to tribenuron-methyl and displayed cross-resistance to multiple ALS-inhibiting herbicides with different chemical structures. Dose response experiments and ALS activity assay indicated that two mutated ALS isozymes contributed differentially in resistance to tribenuron-methyl, flucetosulfuron, and pyribenzoxim. In addition, the relative expression level of the ALS1 gene was 2.2- and 1.6-fold higher than ALS2 genes in TR D. sophia at 1 and 7 d after tribenuron-methyl treatment, respectively. In contrast, the relative expression level of ALS1 and ALS2 in TS D. sophia is similar. This is the first research that explored different roles of ALS isozymes in resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, which might provide a new perspective for the weed resistance management.

Esophageal manometry is one of the main axes in diagnostic armamentarium that deals with esophageal motility disorders, next to endoscopic and radiological methods. Traditional, conventional manometry, has greatly been replaced by a modern technique, high resolution manometry which enables not only better spatiotemporal signal resolution and compatibility, but also shortens the time of the procedure which is extremely important for patients undergoing it. Two catheters are being used, solid state and water perfused. Both record pressures within the esophageal lumen and both esophageal sphincters. Contemporary technology has also enabled incorporation of impedance sensors into the catheter. Impedance is based on resistance changes to liquid or food boluses.These changes help in bolus transit evaluation, reducing the need for ionization procedures. Each examined bolus (liquid or solid) is evaluated according to Chicago classification criteria and parameters that are within these criteria. According to the third version of the Classification, functional esophageal disorders are divided into EGJ outflow obstruction disorders, major peristaltic and minor peristaltic disorders. Introduction of this methodology, but also the continuous update of Chicago classification, help in timely diagnosis and further treatment of all the more frequently diagnosed functional esophageal disorders.

Long-term hypothermic storage of animal blood can lead to the loss of its quality and can cause complications in recipient animals after transfusion, so the search for new methods of increasing the preservation of erythrocytes after hypothermic storage continues. The article presents the data of the ozonation effect on the preservation rate of ovine and human erythrocytes during hypothermic storage with Alsever’s solution and mannitol medium. Hemolysis, osmotic fragility and distribution density of ovine and human erythrocytes by the sphericity index were determined at different stages of hypothermic storage. The ovine erythrocytes in the control had a lower osmotic resistance compared to human erythrocytes; however, their osmotic fragility did not change significantly after hypothermic storage for 8 weeks, and for human erythrocytes, it significantly increased. Storage of ovine and human erythrocytes longer than 8 weeks led to a sharp hemolysis, while the level of hemolysis of ovine erythrocytes was lower than that of human erythrocytes. Preservation of ozonated erythrocytes is higher than non-ozonated ones during prolonged hypothermic storage. The effect of ozonation on the preservation rate of red blood cells depended on the composition of the preservation media. Hypothermal storage of human erythrocytes in Alsever’s solution for up to 8 weeks led to a shift in the density of distribution according to the sphericity index towards spheroidization of cells; in a medium with mannitol, the number of flattened cell forms increased. After 8 weeks of hypothermic storage of ovine erythrocytes, most of the cells had high sphericity indices. Pretreatment of human and sheep erythrocytes with ozone allows the distribution of cells to be kept closer to the control during long-term storage, which is especially pronounced in mannitol medium. Ovine erythrocytes retained the ability to form rosettes with human T-lymphocytes after hypothermic storage for up to 12 weeks. Thus, ozone pretreatment and the use of mannitol as part of hypothermic storage medium could be an approach to improve the quality of preserved ovine erythrocytes.

As a sovereign maritime country, Indonesia has an obligation to protect, maintain, and manage marine and fishery resources. Patrol boats as the primary means of monitoring marine and fishery resources are needed in response to several problems and threats that may occur, such as illegal fishing, destructive fishing, violations of zoning in fisheries conservation areas and others. Apart from having to be adequate on the number of units, the patrol boats must also have suitable technology to support pursuit operations and suppress violations. The main objective of this research is to investigate the total resistance and intact stability behavior of the developed axe bow hull geometry for the patrol boat hull. The preliminary design is started with the determination of the principal dimension of the patrol boat. Then the hull geometry configurations were made with the variation of the depth of bow and the water line spline type. In the case of the depth of bow, the bow with the additional depth of 30%, 40% and 50% of the draft was investigated. Otherwise, the water line spline type was configured as convex spline, concave spline and straight spline. According to the numerical analysis, the axe bow hull with the depth of bow of 30% and the straight spline type was presented the smallest total resistance performance. However, in the case of intact stability performance, all developed axe bow hull presented a similar righting moment lever arm (GZ curve). It is indicated that the total resistance of the axe bow hull is influenced by the depth of bow and water line spline type. Furthermore, those variables have a slight influence on intact stability performance.

A GaN-based vertical superjunction high electron mobility transistor (SJ HEMT) with a composite structure (CS-SJ HEMT) is proposed and analyzed by Silvaco TCAD to improve the breakdown voltage and specific on-resistance (RonA). In this paper, CS-SJ HEMT is compared with SJ HEMT with traditional structure (TS-SJ HEMT), SJ HEMT with only particular doping pillars (DP-SJ HEMT) and SJ HEMT with only special P-gate (SP-SJ HEMT). The particular doping pillars mean the doping concentration of n-pillar increases with a gradient from top to bottom, and the concentration of p-pillar is the same as the middle of n-pillar, which reduces the RonA by only 4%. The special P-GaN cap layer can reduce the RonA by 10%, and it can even increase the on-state current in the saturation region. The CS-SJ HEMT combines both doping pillars and special P-gate structures, and the RonA can be reduced by 14%. By the optimized design, the RonA can be reduced by 30% with BV = 2580 V, or the RonA can be reduced by 21% with BV = 2720 V. These results show that the composite structure of SJ HEMT contributes to improving the BV and RonA and propose a useful approach for improving the vertical HEMTs.

The paper presents experimental studies of an asymmetric multi-bolted connection at the preloading state. Design assumptions and structure of a stand for testing forces in bolts in a multi-bolted connection were introduced. The tightening process was conducted with a wrench, monitoring the values of the forces in the bolts using a calibrated measuring system based on resistance strain gauges. The measurement data was processed using the Matlab R2018b Simulink program. Two methods of bolt tightening were tested: in one pass (in which the bolts were tightened in a specific sequence and each bolt was tightened immediately to the full preload value) and in several passes (in which the bolts were also tightened sequentially but the full preload value was applied to the bolts in three tightening cycles). The influence of the method and sequence of bolt tightening on the distribution of force values in bolts during and at the end of the preloading state was investigated. The results were statistically processed and summarized in the form of diagrams showing the distributions of normalized force values in the bolts for all the considered tightening cases. The tests were carried out for the selected connection and an assembly method was proposed which would make it possible to achieve the most even distribution of the force values in the bolts at its end, and thus before the connection exploitation state.

An ultralow specific on-resistance ( ${R} _{\mathrm{ on,sp}}$ ) accumulation-mode LDMOS (ALDMOS) is proposed and investigated by simulations and experiments. The proposed ALDMOS features two separated integrated diodes (SID) above the N-drift surface, which forms high density electron accumulation layer in the on-state. Meanwhile, the SID not only assists depleting the N-drift to increase the N-drift doping centration ( ${N} _{\mathrm{ d}}$ ) in the off-state, but also modulates the lateral electric field to improve the breakdown voltage (BV). Thus, the proposed SID ALDMOS could achieve ultralow ${R} _{\mathrm{ on,sp}}$ and maintain high BV simultaneously. The layout and key fabrication processes of the SID ALDMOS are demonstrated. The measured results show that the SID ALDMOS realizes a BV of 483V and ${R} _{\mathrm{ on,sp}}$ of 29.3m $\boldsymbol{\Omega } $ .cm2, with a high FOM value of 7.96MW/cm2. Its ${R} _{\mathrm{ on,sp}}$ is decreased by 33.7% compared with triple RESURF LDMOS at the same BV.

The search for safe and effective drugs that can influence the course and correction of metabolic syndrome, especially in the older age group, has drawn attention to the possibilities of using an antioxidant from the bioflavonoid group, quercetin. The search for literature data indicates the absence of clinical studies on the use of quercetin in order to increase resistance to hypoxia in elderly people with metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study. To establish the response to an acute hypoxic test in the elderly people with metabolic syndrome after a course of quercetin in comparison with the control group. The object was 110 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome criteria, of which 55 people took quercetin (drug “Kvertin” PAO SPC «Borshchahivskiy CPP», 80 mg three times a day for 3 months), and 55 people took placebo and formed a control group. Methods. Anthropometric measurements; biochemical study with determination of glucose in blood plasma, lipids in blood serum; measurement of blood pressure; hypoxic test to determine resistance to hypoxia. Results. The course use of quercetin led to a less significant decrease in SрO2 in the main group of patients during the hypoxic test. Also, in the main group, after treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, both at the beginning of HP and at 20 minutes of HP compared to the baseline level and the control group. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the double product – an indicator that indirectly characterizes the level of oxygen consumption by the myocardium in the main group compared to the control group. Conclusions. Course use of quercetin significantly increases the body’s resistance to hypoxia in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome. The antihypoxic effect of quercetin can be used to correct conditions associated with oxygen deficiency.

One of the most dangerous diseases on sunflower is downy mildew caused by oomycete Plasmopara halstedii. Introduction of dominant genes of resistance to this pathogen into a host-plant is the most effective economic and ecologically safe method of this pathogen control. The current DNA-technologies allow controlling these genes presence at the any stage of breeding. Currently, the genes Pl6, Pl13 and Plarg are the most effective ones controlling resistance to the most races of P. halstedii. We approbated known from the literary sources two STS and two SSR-markers of these genes on the lines and breeding samples. Three studied molecular markers – HаP3 (locus Pl6), ORS1008 (locus Pl13) and ORS509 (locus Plarg) – allowed us identifying the mentions genes in lines and breeding samples of VNIIMK. The studied DNA-markers can be interested in marker-associated sunflower breeding on resistance to a downy mildew pathogen.

In this article, the authors attempt to analyze the types of counteraction provided against persons who assist in the administration of justice and determine the possible consequences of such impact. Such concepts as “assistance”, “counteraction”, “abuse of rights”are considered. The author argues for the need to ensure the safety of this category of persons by introducing an independent Chapter in the Criminal procedure code of the Russian Federation devoted to measures to ensure the safety of participants in criminal proceedings and other persons, similar to the procedural legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

This work was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the three growing seasons 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16, to estimate types of gene action controlling the inheritance of wheat resistance to stripe and stem rust diseases as well as to study the inheritance of grain yield character. Genetic materials used in this study included six populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of two bread wheat crosses namely, (Sakha 95 X Shandaweel 1) and (Sakha 95 X Sids 13). Results revealed that additive (a) was higher in magnitude than dominance (d) variance for all charcters. The most predominant type of epistasis was additive X additive (aa) for both diseases; stripe and stem rust resistance. The values calculated for heritability in broad sense were high, while for narrow sense heritability values were moderate to relatively high for the two crosses in all studied characters. Both crosses are promising and higher in magnitude, which had high genetic advance associated with high heritability estimates were detected. Therefore, these two crosses would be useful in breeding programs for improving the studied characters.

objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different remineralizing agents and resin infiltration on resistance to demineralization of artificial enamel lesions using a pH cycling model. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 anterior bovine teeth were randomly assigned to nine groups (n=7). Artificial white spot lesions were created on the labial enamel surface using the demineralizing solution for all groups except for sound enamel group. Different surface treatments were then performed; G1: Artificial saliva, G2: Clinpro White Varnish™, G3: Tooth Mousse®, G4: MI Paste Plus®, G5: Artificial saliva/ ICON®, G6: Clinpro White Varnish™/ICON®, G7: Tooth Mousse®/ ICON®, G8: MI Paste Plus®/ ICON®, G9: sound enamel. All treated artificial enamel lesions were subjected to pH cycling. The whole nine groups were then submitted to cross-sectional microhardness using Vicker’s microhardness test, each specimen was measured at five predetermined depths. ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: Two-Way ANOVA revealed that the type of surface treatment had a significant effect. Meanwhile, depth of measurement had no significant effect on cross-sectional microhardness of artificial enamel lesions. Conclusion: Remineralizing agents are effective in resisting demineralization in treated artificial enamel lesions and their effect is not potentiated by ICON® treatment. Clinical significance: One-month daily application of MI Paste Plus® was efficient to restore and maintain microhardness of enamel.

BackgroundA hallmark of a leader is their ability to manage change—an ever-present feature of organisational life. Indeed, all improvement requires change, and in this context navigating employees’ responses to progress change is a key part of leadership. To support this, research and leadership development have historically focused on how leaders can reduce resistance to change. This review highlights the value of reframing classic conceptions of resistance to change as something negative.ResultWidening understanding of non-acceptance responses to change supports the provision of broader, yet more meaningful advice to leaders and managers about how to engage with employees in ways that can support improvement. To do this, the article identifies why resistance is important in the contemporary context and then outlines three current broad views within research on resistance to change identified by Robyn Thomas and Cynthia Hardy. These influence how resistance is seen and therefore how it is approached. The article considers what leaders can learn and do to more effectively navigate employees’ responses to change, and how reframing resistance applies to the specific context of healthcare.

En el presente número de DIDAC, dedicado a la educación intercultural a nivel superior, queremos compartir la experiencia de dos proyectos de educación y formación intercultural en los que participa el Programa de Interculturalidad y Asuntos Indígenas (PIAI) de la Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México: el Programa de Intercambio Ibero-ISIA y el Seminario sobre Resistencias y Alternativas.El PIAI fue creado en 2006 y desde entonces ha acompañado proyectos de aprendizaje en contextos indígenas y ha colaborado para vincular a los miembros de la Universidad Iberoamericana con las realidades de las comunidades indígenas, sus conocimientos y reivindicaciones, tales como la comunalidad, la defensa del territorio y el derecho a la autodeterminación.

Relevance. It was to study the variability of the degree of defeat of promising varieties of table carrots by diseases of various etiologies during storage for several years, to determine the level of their polymorphism based on resistance to various types of pathogens and the effectiveness of selection based on an individual immunological assessment of uterine root crops.Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was performed in 2017-2020 at the FSBSI "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center" with carrot varietal populations of Margosha and Minor. The identification of the species composition of pathogens, the degree of damage, and the level of resistance of variety specimens were carried out in accordance with appropriate methods and determinants. For the immunological assessment of the resistance of carrot cultivars in vitro, the most virulent isolates of different types of fungi were used from the collection of the Laboratory of Immunity and Plant Protection of the Federal Center for Scientific Research.Results. It was established that in the populations of Margosha and Minor under natural storage conditions, the ratio and degree of spread of economically significant diseases differ significantly in different years. Based on an in vitro immunological assessment, a high polymorphism of the individual resistance of genotypes within both populations to the majority of micromycetes was revealed and the most resistant forms to the most dangerous types of pathogens were identified. Immunological analysis of the resulting offspring confirmed the high efficiency of group selection based on a comprehensive assessment of the stability of individual uterine root crops in vivo and in vitro.

In this study, the device characteristics of dual-gate GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were determined. The research investigated an enhancement-mode (E-mode) GaN HEMT with a second gate connected to the source and located between the main gate and drain. Two dual-gate GaN HEMTs with different second-gate designs, using Schottky or metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) contacts, were simulated and fabricated, and the direct current of the devices was investigated. In device simulation, p-GaN gates were used to achieve E-mode operation in HEMTs. Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation indicated that the saturation drain current (ID, sat) of devices with Schottky and MIS second gates was 88% and 38% lower than that of a single gate structure, while increasing on resistance (Ron) by 31% and 8%, respectively. In device fabrication, a Schottky and MIS second gate were respectively added to an E-mode p-GaN gate HEMT and an E-mode recesses-gate GaN MIS-HEMT. Compared with single-gate structures, the devices with a Schottky and MIS second gates reduced ID, sat by 75% and 32%, respectively, while increasing Ron by 25% and 6%, respectively. The measured electrical characteristics indicate the same trend obtained from TCAD simulation: The dual-gate design can improve the short-circuit capability of GaN HEMTs by reducing the ID, sat under on-state and high-current conditions.

This article proposes a MATLAB-based optimization methodology of the drift region specific ON-resistance ( ${R}_{on,sp}$ ) both for the high-permittivity ( $\text{H}{k}$ ) MOSFETs and superjunction (SJ) MOSFETs with design parameters expressed by breakdown voltage (BV) and aspect ratio (AR). The optimized method has three distinctive features. First, based on the built-in functions in MATLAB, the proposed method is very efficient to accurately obtain the optimized ${R}_{on,sp}$ ( ${R}_{on,sp(opt)}$ ) and the design parameters for both MOSFETs. Second, as the reflection of the process difficulty in the $\text{H}{k}$ or SJ structure, AR is used as one of the design variables. Third, the cubic polynomial functions are used to obtain a more accurate fitting for the optimization. The optimized results demonstrate that for a given BV, the ${R}_{on,sp(opt)}$ for the SJ MOSFET decreases as AR increases, whereas an optimum AR exists for a minimal ${R}_{on,sp(opt)}$ for the $\text{H}{k}$ MOSFET. Extensive comparisons demonstrate that when AR is small and BV is large, the ${R}_{on,sp(opt)}$ for the $\text{H}{k}$ MOSFET could be lower than that for the SJ MOSFET. Parameter designs are performed for the 900-V $\text{H}{k}$ MOSFET and SJ MOSFET. The impacts of important parameter variations on BV and ${R}_{on,sp}$ are also discussed. The validity of the proposed optimization method is demonstrated by the TCAD simulations.

The article analyzes the influence of the relationship of basic subjects with general technical subjects in the learning process for students of marine specialties. It is possible to realize this connection by developing and implementing engineering problems that a student at the BSMA will have to face both in primary courses and in the study of special subjects. Our early research results indicate the effectiveness of the use of such a teaching method as a means of developing students' thinking. Our institution is a specific technical university. Graduates have to work in extremely dangerous situations at sea, and they have to decide the fate of passengers, ship and cargo in a matter of minutes. Therefore, special thinking is an essential feature of a sailor. While studying, along with other subjects, students study various marine equipment, conduct observations of measuring instruments (for example, temperature in the engine room, in turbine pumps, etc.). The article considers the engineering problem - determining the value of the linear temperature coefficient of a thermistor in Excel. Based on the basic data, a graph of the dependence of temperature on resistance is constructed, a linear temperature coefficient and the reliability of the approximation value are determined. It is established whether the device used is laboratory. The corresponding conclusions are made.

With the recent development of material science, high strength steel (HSS) has become a practical solution for landmark buildings and major projects. The current codes for design of bearing-type bolted connections of steel constructions were established based on the research of conventional steels. Since the mechanical properties of HSS are different from those of conventional steels, more works should be done to develop the appropriate approach for the design of bearing-type bolted connections in HSS. A review of the research carried out on bearing-type bolted connections fabricated from conventional steel and HSS is presented. The up-to-date tests conducted at Tongji University on four connection types fabricated from three grades of HSS with nominal yield strengths of 550, 690, and 890 MPa are presented. The previous research on failure modes, bearing resistance and the design with consideration of bolt hole elongation are summarized. It is found that the behavior of bolted connections in HSS have no drastic difference compared to that of conventional steel connections. Although the ductility is reduced, plastic deformation capacity of HSS is sufficient to ensure the load redistribution between different bolts with normal construction tolerances. It is also found that behavior of each bolt of multi-bolt connections arranged in perpendicular to load direction is almost identical to that of a single-bolt connection with the same end distance. For connections with bolts arranged in parallel to load direction, the deformation capacity of the whole connection depends on the minimum value between the end distance and the spacing distances in load direction. The comparison with existing design codes shows that Eurocode3 and Chinese GB50017-2017 are conservative for the design of bolted connections in HSS while AISC 360-16 may overestimate the bearing resistance of bolted connections.

The switching frequencies of the GaN-based power converters have been pushed to several megahertz and even higher. At such high frequencies, the on -resistances of the GaN devices might be much higher than their dc values, especially for the devices with low on -resistances. The frequency-dependent characteristics of the on -resistance are studied through the electrical and thermal experiments for the first time in this article. A device model for the finite element simulation is proposed to illustrate the mechanism. The results show that the frequency-dependent characteristics of the on -resistance are closely related to the current distribution inside the GaN device and affected by the layout. A 4-depth ladder circuit model is proposed to describe the frequency-dependent on -resistance of the GaN devices, and it proves a good accuracy in the frequency range of interest. Beside, two GaN-based 10 MHz dc–dc converters were designed, the only difference of which comes from the layout around GaN devices. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the converter with the optimized layout can be improved by around 2%.

The widespread violation of scientifically based crop rotation and their saturation with sunflower caused an accelerated emergence of more aggressive races of broomrape and powdery mildew. Currently, the researchers from different countries have identified 8 races of broomrape A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. The sunflower varieties and hybrids previously developed at the station and introduced into the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation that are resistant to the broomrape races A, B, C, D, E were greatly affected. Monitoring of the races of broomrape and false powdery mildew, conducted by the ARRIOC researchers, showed the presence of more aggressive broomrape races (F, G, H) and false powdery mildew (330, 710, 730) in the fields of the Rostov Region. The current situation necessitated the development of sunflower hybrids resistant to the new aggressive races of these pathogens. To identify such hybrids, the corresponding initial breeding material has been required. It was important to combine resistance to broomrape and false powdery mildew with other breeding-valuable traits in one genotype. The current paper presents the results of the sunflower initial breeding material on resistance to broomrape and false powdery mildew. The work was carried out in the fields and in the laboratories of DOS, an affiliate of the FSBSI FSC ARRIOC. The breeding material developed at the station was used as the initial material. Using hybridization methods, multiple self-pollination, and reliable estimation of pathogen resistance at all stages of the breeding process, there was selected a promising linear material (I-4/4640, I-4/4764, I-5/2450, I-5/2465 and etc.), which was included into the search for high heterosis hybrid combinations. The hybrid combinations developed with its participation (MLG 45/4640, MLG 121/4764, MLG 65/2444, etc.), when estimated on the fields infected by sunflower broomrape, showed a higher resistance to highly virulent races of the pathogen in comparison with the best foreign hybrids.

This article proposes a new silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)-based electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device suitable for 5-V applications. The proposed ESD protection device has an additional n-p-n parasitic bipolar transistor that provides an extremely short ESD discharge path. Compared with the conventional Low-Voltage-Trigger SCR (LVTSCR) and Low-Ron SCR (LRSCR), it has excellent ON-resistance and improved reverse characteristics. Furthermore, it has structurally enhanced trigger voltage and holding voltage characteristics. A conventional LVTSCR, LRSCR, and the proposed ESD protection device were fabricated with the same width using a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) process to verify the improvement in electrical characteristics and current driving capability of the new device. Transmission line pulsing (TLP) and a hot chuck control system were used to measure and compare the latch-up, electrical characteristics, and temperature reliability of the three devices. The measurements demonstrate that the proposed ESD protection device provides improved reliability and higher area efficiency for 5 V or similar applications.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with a higher versus lower training volume on oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in older women. Thirty-eight older women (≥60 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a group that performed 1 set per exercise (low volume [LV], n = 18) or 3 sets per exercise (high volume [HV], n = 20). The whole-body RT consisted of a 12-week RT program involving 8 exercises performed with sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 days per week. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) were used as OS biomarkers. The composite Z-score of the percentage changes from pre-to posttraining of OS biomarkers according to groups was calculated. A significant main effect of time (p < 0.05) was found for AOPP (LV =-7.3% vs. HV =-12.2%) and TRAP (LV = +1.5% vs. HV = +15.5%) concentrations, without a statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). A significant group vs. time interaction (p < 0.001) was revealed for FOX (LV = +6.4% vs. HV =-8.9%). The overall analysis indicated higher positive changes for HV than LV (composed Z-score: HV = 0.41 ± 1.22 vs. LV =-0.37 ± 1.03; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a greater volume of RT seems to promote superior improvements on OS biomarkers in older women. Metabolism Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory Londrina State University Center for Research in Health Sciences University of Northern Paraná Exercise Science Department Cuny Lehman College Clinical Analyses Laboratory Londrina State University Department of Pathology Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center The Department of Public Health Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University Exercise and Health Laboratory Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance Faculty of Human Kinetics University of Lisbon Department of Pathology Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University Exercise and Nutrition Metabolism Center The Department of Public Health Botucatu School of Medicine São Paulo State University

Mutations conferring resistance to one antibiotic can increase (cross-resistance) or decrease (collateral sensitivity) resistance to others. Antibiotic combinations displaying collateral sensitivity could be used in treatments that slow resistance evolution. However, lab-to-clinic translation requires understanding whether collateral effects are robust across different environmental conditions. Here, we isolated and characterized resistant mutants of Escherichia coli using five antibiotics, before measuring collateral effects on resistance to other paired antibiotics. During both isolation and phenotyping, we varied conditions in ways relevant in nature (pH, temperature, and bile). This revealed that local abiotic conditions modified expression of resistance against both the antibiotic used during isolation and other antibiotics. Consequently, local conditions influenced collateral sensitivity in two ways: By favoring different sets of mutants (with different collateral sensitivities) and by modifying expression of collateral effects for individual mutants. These results place collateral sensitivity in the context of environmental variation, with important implications for translation to real-world applications., mSystems, 6 (6), ISSN:2379-5077

In this article, we report on the analysis of the ON-state behavior of polarization super-junction (PSJ) heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs). Theoretical models for calculating the sheet densities of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) are proposed and calibrated with numerical simulations and experimental results. To calculate the area-specific ON-state resistance ( ${R}_{({\text{ON}, \text{sp}})}$ ) of PSJ HFETs, ohmic gate (OG) structures are considered herein. The calculated results are well fit with the simulated and measured results at different PSJ length ( ${L}_{\text {PSJ}}$ ) conditions at room temperature.

In order to reduce the additional resistance of high-speed amphibious vehicles, Flanks are designed on the concave grooves. As a new drag reduction attachment, the principle of Flanks is analyzed and discussed in detail. In this paper, the HSAV model and Flanks coupling resistance tests are performed based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method and SST k−ω model. The accuracy of the numerical approach is verified by a series of towing tests. Results show that with a fixed installation angle and invariable characteristic parameters, Flanks can significantly reduce the total resistance at high speed, with a maximum drag reduction of 16%. In the meantime, Flanks also affect the attitude and flow field of the vehicle, consequently affecting the resistance composition and the sailing condition. A vehicle model self-propulsion test is designed and carried out, and it qualitatively verifies the drag reduction effect of the Flanks at high speed.