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Objective\ud To assess clinical variability in the management of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses according to different published Doppler reference charts for umbilical artery (UA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler indices and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR).\ud \ud Methods\ud We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Web of Science databases from 1954 to 2018 for studies with the sole aim of creating fetal Doppler reference values for UA, MCA and CPR. The top cited articles for each Doppler parameter were included. Variability in Doppler values at the following clinically relevant cut‐offs was assessed: UA‐pulsatility index (PI) > 95th percentile; MCA‐PI

To determine the image quality and the reliability of an objective scale of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the umbilical artery (UA) Doppler evaluation within a multicenter randomized controlled trial: "Revealed versus concealed criteria for placental insufficiency in unselected obstetric population in late pregnancy: Ratio 37" METHODS: 20 patients were randomly selected (2 images per patient, UA and MCA) from each of the 6 participating centres. A total of 240 images were evaluated by 6 different experts and scored on an objective scale of 6 items. The inter- and intra-rater reliability was assessed by Fleiss-modified kappa statistic for ordinal scales.

BACKGROUND: Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is a promising feedstock for the production of 2nd generation biofuels, but efficientenzymatic hydrolysis remains a key challenge ; therefore, new process designs and/or bioreactor designs are crucial to overcomethis hurdle. In this regard, horizontal rotating tubular bioreactors (HRTB) offer the advantage of high substrate loadings whileminimizing the space and energy demand compared with conventional stirred tank reactors. Here, a statistical approach is usedto optimize the hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp in laboratory experiments, and it is shown that such a process can be implementedin a HRTB.RESULTS:Usingthedesignofexperiments(DOE)method, thereactionconditionsoffourcommercialenzymemixtures(UltrazymAFP-L, Viscozyme L, Pectinase and Cellulase) was optimized for the degradation of SBP in small-scale experiments. UsingUltrazymAFP-Lasthemostefficientmixture, a10 LscaleconversionwasperformedinaHRTB.Atasubstrateloadingof135 g L−1and optimized conversion parameters (enzyme load, pH and rotating speed of the reactor), 0.525 W dm−3were needed toachieve solubilisation of 30% of the total mass of initial SBP after 24 h.CONCLUSION: DOE was found to be an easy-to-apply method that allowed optimizing the conditions for enzymatic hydrolysisof SBP, resulting in a higher sugar yield. The results could be transferred to an HRTB, which is a suitable system for enzymaticconversion and efficient saccharification of semi-solid or solid substrates with relatively low energy consumption.

Objective To evaluate whether maintenance treatment with vaginal progesterone after an arrested preterm labour reduces the incidence of preterm delivery. Design Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Twelve tertiary care centres in Spain. Population A total of 265 women with singleton pregnancy, preterm labour successfully arrested with tocolytic treatment, and cervical length of

Background: The consequences of preterm birth, to the individual and society at large, remain a major financial, emotional, social and personal burden in all countries. A complex infuence network between the family socioeconomic status, nutrition and infant social interactions determines early childhood environment. The socioeconomic characteristics of families and households define much of the starting conditions and the posible future development of any newborn. Aim: To develop a socioeconomics indicators inventory specifically focused on preterm children, in order to characterize their early childhood environment to evaluate potential social affordances of infants under 24 months of age. Methods: The process was divided into four phases: questionnaire development (items and domains generation), pilot testing, validation and exploratory analysis. The final version of the PRE-SCHOOL questionnaire consisted of 190 items, each related to one or more of eight domains (personal data, family situation, health status, economical situation, level of education, social network, leisure and residence conditions). For the exploratory and validation analysis, 52 children were recruited. The parent interview was conducted by two specially trained social workers when the child reached 24 months of age. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was high for all domains (Cronbach’s a coefficient of 0.964). Conclusions: The social and economic contexts define spaces of possibility that directly affect the evolution and life development of each newborn. The PRE-SCHOOL socioeconomics indicators inventory improves the anamnesis process in preterm infants at risk of cognitive impairement. We need to increased socioecnomical informations of the early childhood enviroment in order to propose focused family-centred cost-effective interventions to improve cognitive development.

The aim of this paper was to determine the enological traits of two commercial yeasts (Fermol Rouge® and Fermol Mediterranée®) in a small scale and to evaluate the possibility of their application in commercial production of blackberry wine. Fermentation activity was monitored by measuring CO2 evolution and CO2 production rate during microfermentation of blackberry juice performed at 23°C. Blackberry wines produced by two different yeasts were analyzed in order to compare their composition differences. Fermentations were carried on to complete sugar consumption by both yeast strains. Levels of volatile acids formed by the two yeasts were significantly different and differences in concentrations of residual sugars, malic acid, lactic acid and pH-value were highly significant. There were no significant differences between concentrations of ethanol, total acids and glycerol in blackberry wines produced by both yeasts. Chemical composition of the produced blackberry wines was in accordance with the Croatian fruit wine legislation. Good fermentative properties and low potential of H2S production of both commercial yeasts could be beneficial for blackberry wine production.