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3. Familial aggregation of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery scores in a large sample o outpatients with schizophrenia and their unaffected relatives

Author

Mucci A., Galderisi S., Green M. F., Nuechterlein K., Rucci P., Gibertoni D., Rossi A., Rocca P., Bertolino A., Bucci P., Hellemann G., Spisto M., Palumbo D., Aguglia E., Amodeo G., Amore M., Bellomo A., Brugnoli R., Carpiniello B., Dell'osso L., Di Fabio F., Di Giannantonio M., Di Lorenzo G., Marchesi C., Monteleone P., Montemagni C., Oldani L., Romano R., Roncone R., Stratta P., Tenconi E., Vita A., Zeppegno P., Maj M., Piegari G., Vignapiano A., Caputo F., Plescia G., Montefusco V., Mancini M., Attrotto M. T., Paladini V., Atti A. R., Barlati S., Galluzzo A., Mussoni C., Pinna F., Sanna L., Primavera D., Signorelli M. S., Minutolo G., Cannavo D., Acciavatti T., Santacroce R., Corbo M., Altamura M., La Montagna M., Carnevale R., Pizziconi G., Rossi R., Santarelli V., Giusti L., Malavolta M., Salza A., Murri M. B., Calcagno P., Bugliani M., Serati M., Orsenigo G., Gramaglia C., Gattoni E., Cattaneo C., Campagnola N., Ferronato L., Piovan C., Tonna M., Bettini E., Ossola P., Gesi C., Landi P., Rutigliano G., Biondi M., Girardi P., Buzzanca A., Zocconali M., Comparelli A., Mancinelli I., Niolu C., Ribolsi M., Siracusano A., Corrivetti G., Bartoli L., Diasco F., Bolognesi S., Goracci A., Fagiolini A., Bellino S., Cardillo S., Bracale N., Mucci, A., Galderisi, S., Green, M. F., Nuechterlein, K., Rucci, P., Gibertoni, D., Rossi, A., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Bucci, P., Hellemann, G., Spisto, M., Palumbo, D., Aguglia, E., Amodeo, G., Amore, M., Bellomo, A., Brugnoli, R., Carpiniello, B., Dell'Osso, L., Di Fabio, F., Di Giannantonio, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Marchesi, C., Monteleone, P., Montemagni, C., Oldani, L., Romano, R., Roncone, R., Stratta, P., Tenconi, E., Vita, A., Zeppegno, P., Maj, M., Piegari, G., Vignapiano, A., Caputo, F., Plescia, G., Montefusco, V., Mancini, M., Attrotto, M. T., Paladini, V., Atti, A. R., Barlati, S., Galluzzo, A., Mussoni, C., Pinna, F., Sanna, L., Primavera, D., Signorelli, M. S., Minutolo, G., Cannavo, D., Acciavatti, T., Santacroce, R., Corbo, M., Altamura, M., La Montagna, M., Carnevale, R., Pizziconi, G., Rossi, R., Santarelli, V., Giusti, L., Malavolta, M., Salza, A., Murri, M. B., Calcagno, P., Bugliani, M., Serati, M., Orsenigo, G., Gramaglia, C., Gattoni, E., Cattaneo, C., Campagnola, N., Ferronato, L., Piovan, C., Tonna, M., Bettini, E., Ossola, P., Gesi, C., Landi, P., Rutigliano, G., Biondi, M., Girardi, P., Buzzanca, A., Zocconali, M., Comparelli, A., Mancinelli, I., Niolu, C., Ribolsi, M., Siracusano, A., Corrivetti, G., Bartoli, L., Diasco, F., Bolognesi, S., Goracci, A., Fagiolini, A., Bellino, S., Cardillo, S., Bracale, N., and di Giannantonio, M.

Subjects
Attention, MCCB Italian standardization, reasoning and problem solving, social cognition, verbal learning, working memory, Proband, Adult, Male, Consensus, Psychometrics, Context (language use), social cognition, Verbal learning, working memory, 03 medical and health sciences, Attention, MCCB Italian standardization, reasoning and problem solving, verbal learning, Aged, Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, Family, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, Social cognition, medicine, Applied Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Family aggregation, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Settore MED/25, Psychology, MATRICS, Neurocognitive, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

BackgroundThe increased use of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) to investigate cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia fostered interest in its sensitivity in the context of family studies. As various measures of the same cognitive domains may have different power to distinguish between unaffected relatives of patients and controls, the relative sensitivity of MCCB tests for relative–control differences has to be established. We compared MCCB scores of 852 outpatients with schizophrenia (SCZ) with those of 342 unaffected relatives (REL) and a normative Italian sample of 774 healthy subjects (HCS). We examined familial aggregation of cognitive impairment by investigating within-family prediction of MCCB scores based on probands’ scores.MethodsMultivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze group differences in adjusted MCCB scores. Weighted least-squares analysis was used to investigate whether probands’ MCCB scores predicted REL neurocognitive performance.ResultsSCZ were significantly impaired on all MCCB domains. REL had intermediate scores between SCZ and HCS, showing a similar pattern of impairment, except for social cognition. Proband's scores significantly predicted REL MCCB scores on all domains except for visual learning.ConclusionsIn a large sample of stable patients with schizophrenia, living in the community, and in their unaffected relatives, MCCB demonstrated sensitivity to cognitive deficits in both groups. Our findings of significant within-family prediction of MCCB scores might reflect disease-related genetic or environmental factors.

Published
2018

9. Age at onset and social cognitive impairment in clinically stabilized patients with schizophrenia: An ecological cross-sectional study

Author

Caldiroli, A., Marta Serati, Orsenigo, G., Caletti, E., and Buoli, M.

Subjects
schizophrenia, lcsh:RC435-571, lcsh:Psychiatry, gender, Original Article, social cognition, age at onset, cannabis abuse
Abstract

Objective: Purposes of the present study were to assess the social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and to detect if some clinical variables (particularly age at onset) are predictive of general/social cognitive deficit in schizophrenia patients. Method: Thirty-five clinically stabilized schizophrenia outpatients were assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and by Torralva’s social cognition battery. Binary logistic models were performed to find an eventual association between continuous clinical variables and cognitive test failures. The total sample was divided in groups according to dichotomous variables (gender, diagnostic subtypes and type of abuse) and the presence of cognitive deficits was compared between groups by χ2 tests. Results: An earlier age at onset was found to be predictive of frontal cognitive impairment (Tower of London p=0.038, OR=0.702). Female gender was more probably associated with mistakes at MET-HV (χ2= 4.80, p=0.05, phi=0.40) and HOTEL tests (χ2= 5.25, p=0.04, phi=0.4) than male one. Cannabis abusers showed more frequently deficits on verbal fluency (χ2= 9.35, p=0.04, phi=0.52) and executive functioning (Tower of London) (χ2= 11.67, p=0.02, phi=0.58) than alcohol/cocaine ones. Conclusion: Female patients with an early age at onset and cannabis abuse seem to have the worst general and social cognitive profile among patients suffering from schizophrenia

10. Interplay Among Psychopathologic Variables, Personal Resources, Context-Related Factors, and Real-life Functioning in Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Network Analysis

Author

Galderisi, Silvana, Rucci, Paola, Kirkpatrick, Brian, Mucci, Armida, Gibertoni, Dino, Della Rocca, Paola, Rossi, Alessandro, Bertolino, Alessandro, Strauss, Gregory P., Aguglia, Eugenio, Bellomo, Antonello, Murri, Martino Belvederi, Bucci, Paola, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Comparelli, Anna, Cuomo, Alessandro, De Berardis, Domenico, Dell'Osso, Liliana, Di Fabio, Fabio, Gelao, Barbara, Marchesi, Carlo, Monteleone, Palmiero, Montemagni, Cristiana, Orsenigo, Giulia, Pacitti, Francesca, Roncone, Rita, Santonastaso, Paolo, Siracusano, Alberto, Vignapiano, Annarita, Vita, Antonio, Zeppegno, Patrizia, Maj, Mario, Italian Network for Research on Psychoses, Aiello, Carmen, Molle, Debora, Nicita, Alessia, Patriarca, Sara, Pietrafesa, Daria, Longo, Luisa, Falsetti, Andrea, Barone, Marina, Galluzzo, Alessandro, Barlati, Stefano, Deste, Giacomo, Pinna, Federica, Primavera, Diego, Sanna, Lucia, Signorelli, Maria, Minutolo, Giuseppe, Cannavò, Dario, Corbo, Mariangela, Baroni, Gaia, Montemitro, Chiara, Altamura, Mario, La Montagna, Maddalena, Carnevale, Raffaella, Amore, Mario, Calcagno, Pietro, Bugliani, Michele, Parnanzone, Serena, Rossi, Rodolfo, Serrone, Dario, Giusti, Laura, Malavolta, Maurizio, Salza, Anna, Caldiroli, Alice, Mandolini, Gianmario, De Carlo, Vera, de Bartolomeis, Andrea, Gramaglia, Carla, Marangon, Debora, Prosperini, Pierluigi, Pierluigi, Elena, Meneguzzo, Paolo, Giannunzio, Valeria, Tonna, Matteo, Ossola, Paolo, Lidia Gerra, Maria, Gesi, Camilla, Mirko Cremone, Ivan, Carpita, Barbara, Brugnoli, Roberto, Del Casale, Antonio, Corigliano, Valentina, Biondi, Massimo, Zocconali, Monica, Buzzanca, Antonino, Corrivetti, Giulio, Pinto, Gaetano, Diasco, Ferdinando, Fagiolini, Andrea, Goracci, Arianna, Bolognesi, Simone, Niolu, Cinzia, Di Lorenzo, Giorgio, Ribolsi, Michele, Mancini, Irene, Brasso, Claudio, Bozzatello, Paola, Galderisi, Silvana, Rucci, Paola, Kirkpatrick, Brian, Mucci, Armida, Gibertoni, Dino, Rocca, Paola, Rossi, Alessandro, Bertolino, Alessandro, Strauss, Gregory P., Aguglia, Eugenio, Bellomo, Antonello, Murri, Martino Belvederi, Bucci, Paola, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Comparelli, Anna, Cuomo, Alessandro, De Berardis, Domenico, Dell'Osso, Liliana, Di Fabio, Fabio, Gelao, Barbara, Marchesi, Carlo, Monteleone, Palmiero, Montemagni, Cristiana, Orsenigo, Giulia, Pacitti, Francesca, Roncone, Rita, Santonastaso, Paolo, Siracusano, Alberto, Vignapiano, Annarita, Vita, Antonio, Zeppegno, Patrizia, Maj, Mario, Aiello, C., Molle, D., Nicita, A., Patriarca, Paola, Pietrafesa, D., Longo, L., Falsetti, A., Barone, M., Galluzzo, A., Barlati, S., Deste, G., Pinna, F., Primavera, D., Sanna, L., Signorelli, M., Minutolo, G., Cannavò, D., Corbo, M., Baroni, G., Montemitro, C., Altamura, M., La Montagna, M., Carnevale, R., Amore, M., Calcagno, P., Bugliani, M., Parnanzone, S., Rossi, R., Serrone, D., Giusti, L., Malavolta, M., Salza, A., Caldiroli, A., Mandolini, G., De Carlo, V., de Bartolomeis, A., Gramaglia, C., Marangon, D., Prosperini, P., Pierluigi, E., Meneguzzo, P., Giannunzio, V., Tonna, M., Ossola, P., Gerra, M. L., Gesi, C., Cremone, I. M., Carpita, B., Brugnoli, R., Del Casale, A., Corigliano, V., Biondi, M., Zocconali, M., Buzzanca, A., Corrivetti, G., Pinto, G., Diasco, F., Fagiolini, A., Goracci, A., Bolognesi, S., Niolu, C., Di Lorenzo, G., Ribolsi, M., Mancini, I., Brasso, C., Bozzatello, P., Strauss, Gregory P, Galderisi, S., Rucci, P., Kirkpatrick, B., Mucci, A., Gibertoni, D., Rocca, P., Rossi, A., Bertolino, A., Strauss, G. P., Aguglia, E., Bellomo, A., Murri, M. B., Bucci, P., Carpiniello, B., Comparelli, A., Cuomo, A., De Berardis, D., Dell'Osso, L., Di Fabio, F., Gelao, B., Marchesi, C., Monteleone, P., Montemagni, C., Orsenigo, G., Pacitti, F., Roncone, R., Santonastaso, P., Siracusano, A., Vignapiano, A., Vita, A., Zeppegno, P., Maj, M., Patriarca, S., and Cannavo, D.

Subjects
Hospitals, Psychiatric, Male, Network Meta-Analysis, Social Environment, Hospitals, University, 0302 clinical medicine, Activities of Daily Living, Everyday life, Correlation of Data, Original Investigation, Psychopathology, Cognition, Middle Aged, Network Meta-Analysi, Hospitals, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Psychiatric Department, Social competence, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Psychosocial, Social Adjustment, Clinical psychology, Human, Antipsychotic Agents, Adult, Psychiatric Department, Hospital, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Hospital, Social cognition, medicine, Humans, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, Avolition, Cross-Sectional Studie, University, Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Schizophrenia, Socioeconomic Factors, 030227 psychiatry, Antipsychotic Agent, Question How are real-life functioning, psychopathologic variables, cognition, personal resources, and sociodemographic variables connected to each other in community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia? Findings In this network analysis of 740 individuals with schizophrenia, functional capacity and everyday life skills were the most central and interconnected nodes, while positive symptoms were the least interconnected nodes. Real-life functioning was connected with several variables belonging to different domains. Meaning The high centrality of functional capacity and everyday life skills suggests that improving the ability to perform tasks relevant to everyday life is critical for any therapeutic intervention in schizophrenia, and the pattern of network node connections supports the implementation of personalized interventions for individuals with schizophrenia, Psychiatric, Work Skills, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Importance Enhanced understanding of factors associated with symptomatic and functional recovery is instrumental to designing personalized treatment plans for people with schizophrenia. To date, this is the first study using network analysis to investigate the associations among cognitive, psychopathologic, and psychosocial variables in a large sample of community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia. Objective To assess the interplay among psychopathologic variables, cognitive dysfunctions, functional capacity, personal resources, perceived stigma, and real-life functioning in individuals with schizophrenia, using a data-driven approach. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, cross-sectional study involved 26 university psychiatric clinics and/or mental health departments. A total of 921 community-dwelling individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who were stabilized on antipsychotic treatment were recruited from those consecutively presenting to the outpatient units of the sites between March 1, 2012, and September 30, 2013. Statistical analysis was conducted between July 1 and September 30, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Measures covered psychopathologic variables, neurocognition, social cognition, functional capacity, real-life functioning, resilience, perceived stigma, incentives, and service engagement. Results Of 740 patients (221 women and 519 men; mean [SD] age, 40.0 [10.9] years) with complete data on the 27 study measures, 163 (22.0%) were remitted (with a score of mild or better on 8 core symptoms). The network analysis showed that functional capacity and everyday life skills were the most central and highly interconnected nodes in the network. Psychopathologic variables split in 2 domains, with positive symptoms being one of the most peripheral and least connected nodes. Functional capacity bridged cognition with everyday life skills; the everyday life skills node was connected to disorganization and expressive deficits. Interpersonal relationships and work skills were connected to avolition; the interpersonal relationships node was also linked to social competence, and the work skills node was linked to social incentives and engagement with mental health services. A case-dropping bootstrap procedure showed centrality indices correlations of 0.75 or greater between the original and randomly defined samples up to 481 of 740 case-dropping (65.0%). No difference in the network structure was found between men and women. Conclusions and Relevance The high centrality of functional capacity and everyday life skills in the network suggests that improving the ability to perform tasks relevant to everyday life is critical for any therapeutic intervention in schizophrenia. The pattern of network node connections supports the implementation of personalized interventions.

Published
2018

11. Premorbid academic and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia and its associations with negative symptoms and cognition

Author

Bucci, P., Galderisi, S., Mucci, A., Rossi, A., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Aguglia, E., Amore, M., Andriola, I., Bellomo, A., Biondi, M., Cuomo, A., Dell'Osso, L., Favaro, A., Gambi, F., Giordano, G. M., Girardi, P., Marchesi, C., Monteleone, P., Montemagni, C., Niolu, C., Oldani, L., Pacitti, F., Pinna, F., Roncone, R., Vita, A., Zeppegno, P., Maj, M., Patriarca, Sara, Pietrafesa, Daria, Aiello, Carmen, Longo, Luisa, Barone, Marina, Romano, Raffaella, Atti, Anna Rita, Barlati, Stefano, Deste, Giacomo, Valsecchi, Paolo, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Tusconi, Massimo, Puddu, Laura, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, Cannavò, Dario, Minutolo, Giuseppe, Corbo, Mariangela, Montemitro, Chiara, Baroni, Gaia, Altamura, Mario, La Montagna, Maddalena, Carnevale, Raffaella, Murri, Martino Belvederi, Calcagno, Pietro, Bugliani, Michele, Pizziconi, Giulia, Logozzo, Francesca, Rossi, Rodolfo, Giusti, Laura, Salza, Anna, Malavolta, Maurizio, Orsenigo, Giulia, Grassi, Silvia, De Bartolomeis, Andrea, Gramaglia, Carla, Gattoni, Eleonora, Gambaro, Eleonora, Tenconi, Elena, Ferronato, Luisa, Collantoni, Enrico, Tonna, Matteo, Ossola, Paolo, Gerra, Maria Lidia, Carmassi, Claudia, Cremone, Ivan Mirko, Carpita, Barbara, Buzzanca, Antonio, Girardi, Nicoletta, Frascarelli, Marianna, Del Casale, Antonio, Comparelli, Anna, Corigliano, Valentina, Siracusano, Alberto, Di Lorenzo, Giorgio, Ribolsi, Michele, Corrivetti, Giulio, Bartoli, Luca, Del Buono, Gianfranco, Fagiolini, Andrea, Bolognesi, Simone, Goracci, Arianna, Mancini, Irene, Bava, Irene, Cardillo, Simona, Bucci P., Galderisi S., Mucci A., Rossi A., Rocca P., Bertolino A., Aguglia E., Amore M., Andriola I., Bellomo A., Biondi M., Cuomo A., dell'Osso L., Favaro A., Gambi F., Giordano G.M., Girardi P., Marchesi C., Monteleone P., Montemagni C., Niolu C., Oldani L., Pacitti F., Pinna F., Roncone R., Vita A., Zeppegno P., Maj M., Patriarca S., Pietrafesa D., Aiello C., Longo L., Barone M., Romano R., Atti A.R., Barlati S., Deste G., Valsecchi P., Carpiniello B., Tusconi M., Puddu L., Signorelli M.S., Cannavo D., Minutolo G., Corbo M., Montemitro C., Baroni G., Altamura M., La Montagna M., Carnevale R., Murri M.B., Calcagno P., Bugliani M., Pizziconi G., Logozzo F., Rossi R., Giusti L., Salza A., Malavolta M., Orsenigo G., Grassi S., De Bartolomeis A., Gramaglia C., Gattoni E., Gambaro E., Tenconi E., Ferronato L., Collantoni E., Tonna M., Ossola P., Gerra M.L., Carmassi C., Cremone I.M., Carpita B., Buzzanca A., Girardi N., Frascarelli M., Del Casale A., Comparelli A., Corigliano V., Siracusano A., Di Lorenzo G., Ribolsi M., Corrivetti G., Bartoli L., Del Buono G., Fagiolini A., Bolognesi S., Goracci A., Mancini I., Bava I., Cardillo S., Bucci, P., Galderisi, S., Mucci, A., Rossi, A., Rocca, P., Bertolino, A., Aguglia, E., Amore, M., Andriola, I., Bellomo, A., Biondi, Maria, Cuomo, Anna, Dell'Osso, L., Favaro, A., Gambi, F., Giordano, G. M., Girardi, P., Marchesi, C., Monteleone, P., Montemagni, C., Niolu, C., Oldani, L., Pacitti, F., Pinna, F., Roncone, R., DE VITA, Anna, Zeppegno, P., Maj, M., Patriarca, Sara, Pietrafesa, Daria, Aiello, Carmen, Longo, Luisa, Barone, Marina, Romano, Raffaella, Atti, Anna Rita, Barlati, Stefano, Deste, Giacomo, Valsecchi, Paolo, Carpiniello, Bernardo, Tusconi, Massimo, Puddu, Laura, Signorelli, Maria Salvina, Cannavò, Dario, Minutolo, Giuseppe, Corbo, Mariangela, Montemitro, Chiara, Baroni, Gaia, Altamura, Mario, La Montagna, Maddalena, Carnevale, Raffaella, Murri, Martino Belvederi, Calcagno, Pietro, Bugliani, Michele, Pizziconi, Giulia, Logozzo, Francesca, Rossi, Rodolfo, Giusti, Laura, Salza, Anna, Malavolta, Maurizio, Orsenigo, Giulia, Grassi, Silvia, De Bartolomeis, Andrea, Gramaglia, Carla, Gattoni, Eleonora, Gambaro, Eleonora, Tenconi, Elena, Ferronato, Luisa, Collantoni, Enrico, Tonna, Matteo, Ossola, Paolo, Gerra, Maria Lidia, Carmassi, Claudia, Cremone, Ivan Mirko, Carpita, Barbara, Buzzanca, Antonio, Girardi, Nicoletta, Frascarelli, Marianna, Del Casale, Antonio, Comparelli, Anna, Corigliano, Valentina, Siracusano, Alberto, Di Lorenzo, Giorgio, Ribolsi, Michele, Corrivetti, Giulio, Bartoli, Luca, Del Buono, Gianfranco, Fagiolini, Andrea, Bolognesi, Simone, Goracci, Arianna, Mancini, Irene, Bava, Irene, Cardillo, Simona, Biondi, M., Cuomo, A., Vita, A., and Casale, Antonio

Subjects
Male, avolition, Severity of Illness Index, cognitive functioning, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Academic Performance, Medicine, Psychopathology, Depression, primary negative symptoms, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scale, avolition, cognitive functioning, poor emotion expression, premorbid adjustment, primary negative symptoms, poor emotion expression, premorbid adjustment, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Memory, Short-Term, Schizophrenia, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, medicine.symptom, Psychosocial, Social Adjustment, Clinical psychology, Human, Adult, primary negative symptom, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition Disorder, Memory, Social cognition, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive skill, Social Behavior, Aged, Cognition Disorders, Motivation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Settore MED/25 - Psichiatria, Avolition, business.industry, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Short-Term, business, Neurocognitive, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective The study aimed to explore premorbid academic and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia, and its associations with the severity of negative symptoms and neurocognitive impairment. Method Premorbid adjustment (PA) in patients with schizophrenia was compared to early adjustment in unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls. Its associations with psychopathology, cognition, and real-life functioning were investigated. The associations of PA with primary negative symptoms and their two factors were explored. Results We found an impairment of academic and social PA in patients (P ≤ 0.000001) and an impairment of academic aspects of early adjustment in relatives (P ≤ 0.01). Patients with poor PA showed greater severity of negative symptoms (limited to avolition after excluding the effect of depression/parkinsonism), working memory, social cognition, and real-life functioning (P ≤ 0.01 to ≤0.000001). Worse academic and social PA were associated with greater severity of psychopathology, cognitive impairment, and real-life functioning impairment (P ≤ 0.000001). Regression analyses showed that worse PA in the academic domain was mainly associated to the impairment of working memory, whereas worse PA in the social domain to avolition (P ≤ 0.000001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that poor early adjustment may represent a marker of vulnerability to schizophrenia and highlight the need for preventive/early interventions based on psychosocial and/or cognitive programs.

Published
2018

12. Age at Onset and Social Cognitive Impairment in Clinically Stabilized Patients with Schizophrenia: An Ecological Cross-Sectional Study.

Author

Caldiroli A, Serati M, Orsenigo G, Caletti E, and Buoli M

Abstract

Objective: Purposes of the present study were to assess the social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and to detect if some clinical variables (particularly age at onset) are predictive of general/social cognitive deficit in schizophrenia patients. Method: Thirty-five clinically stabilized schizophrenia outpatients were assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and by Torralva's social cognition battery. Binary logistic models were performed to find an eventual association between continuous clinical variables and cognitive test failures. The total sample was divided in groups according to dichotomous variables (gender, diagnostic subtypes and type of abuse) and the presence of cognitive deficits was compared between groups by χ2 tests. Results: An earlier age at onset was found to be predictive of frontal cognitive impairment (Tower of London p=0.038, OR=0.702). Female gender was more probably associated with mistakes at MET-HV (χ2= 4.80, p=0.05, phi=0.40) and HOTEL tests (χ2= 5.25, p=0.04, phi=0.4) than male one. Cannabis abusers showed more frequently deficits on verbal fluency (χ2= 9.35, p=0.04, phi=0.52) and executive functioning (Tower of London) (χ2= 11.67, p=0.02, phi=0.58) than alcohol/cocaine ones. Conclusion: Female patients with an early age at onset and cannabis abuse seem to have the worst general and social cognitive profile among patients suffering from schizophrenia.

Published
2018

13. Cognitive correlates of neuroimaging abnormalities in the onset of schizophrenia: A case report.

Author

Grassi S, Orsenigo G, Serati M, Caletti E, Altamura AC, and Buoli M

Abstract

Increasing evidence shows that cognitive impairment and brain abnormalities can appear early in the first episodes of schizophrenia, but it is currently debated how brain changes can correlate with clinical presentation of schizophrenic patients. Of note, this report describes the case of a young schizophrenic male presenting parietal magnetic resonance/positron emission tomography abnormalities and cognitive impairment, documented by specific neuropsychological tests. In our knowledge only few studies have investigated if neuropsychological abnormalities could be concomitant with both structural and functional neuroimaging. This case shows that impairment in specific cognitive domains is associated with structural/functional brain abnormalities in the corresponding brain areas (frontal and parietal lobes), supporting the hypothesis of disconnectivity, involving a failure to integrate anatomical and functional pathways. Future research would define the role of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in psychiatric nosography and, in particular, their role in the early phases of illness and long-term outcome of schizophrenic patients., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: Professor Altamura has served as a consultant or on Advisory Boards for Roche, Merck, Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen/Cilag and Lundbeck. Drs Grassi, Orsenigo, Serati, Caletti and Buoli do not have any affiliation with or financial interest in any organization that might pose a conflict of interest with the present article.

Published
2017
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14. Neuropsychology, social cognition and global functioning among bipolar, schizophrenic patients and healthy controls: preliminary data.

Author

Caletti E, Paoli RA, Fiorentini A, Cigliobianco M, Zugno E, Serati M, Orsenigo G, Grillo P, Zago S, Caldiroli A, Prunas C, Giusti F, Consonni D, and Altamura AC

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the extent of impairment in social and non-social cognitive domains in an ecological context comparing bipolar (BD), schizophrenic (SKZ) patients and healthy controls (HC). The sample was enrolled at the Department of Psychiatry of Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan; it includes stabilized SKZ patients (n = 30), euthymic bipolar patients (n = 18) and HC (n = 18). Patients and controls completed psychiatric assessment rating scales, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and the Executive and Social Cognition Battery (ESCB) that contains both ecological tests of executive function and social cognition, in order to better detect cognitive deficits in patients with normal results in standard executive batteries. The three groups differed significantly for gender and substance abuse, however, the differences did not influence the results. BD patients showed less impairment on cognitive performance compared to SKZ patients, even in "ecological" tests that mimic real life scenarios. In particular, BD performed better than SKZ in verbal memory (p < 0.0038) and BACS symbol coding (p < 0.0043). Regarding the ESCB tests, in the Hotel task SKZ patients completed significantly less tasks (p < 0.001), showed a greater number of errors in Multiple Errands Test (MET-HV) (p < 0.0248) and a worse performance in Theory of Mind (ToM) tests (p < 0.001 for the Eyes test and Faux pas test). Both patients' groups performed significantly worse than HC. Finally, significant differences were found between the two groups in GAF scores, being greater among BD subjects (p < 0.001). GAF was correlated with BACS and ESCB scores showing the crucial role of cognitive and ecological performances in patients' global functioning.

Published
2013
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