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1. 2021 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations

Author

Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Liley, HG, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, LW, Avis, SR, Aziz, K, Bendall, JC, Berry, DC, Borra, V, Böttiger, BW, Bradley, R, Bray, JE, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, JN, Cassan, P, Castrén, M, Chang, WT, Charlton, NP, Cheng, A, Chung, SP, Costa-Nobre, DT, Dainty, KN, Davis, PG, de Almeida, MF, de Caen, AR, de Paiva, EF, Deakin, CD, Djärv, T, Douma, MJ, Drennan, IR, Duff, JP, Eastwood, KJ, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, JL, Escalante, R, Fabres, JG, Fawke, J, Finn, JC, Foglia, EE, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, CA, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Heriot, GS, Hirsch, KG, Holmberg, MJ, Hosono, S, Hsieh, MJ, Hung, KKC, Hsu, CH, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, VS, Kawakami, MD, Kim, HS, Kloeck, DA, Kudenchuk, PJ, Lagina, AT, Lauridsen, KG, Lavonas, EJ, Lockey, AS, Hansen, CM, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, CJD, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, RM, Meyran, D, Morley, PT, Morrison, LJ, Nation, KJ, Nemeth, M, Neumar, RW, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O’Neil, BJ, Orkin, AM, Osemeke, O, Parr, MJ, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, JL, Perkins, GD, Perlman, JM, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, JC, Ristagno, G, Roehr, CC, Sakamoto, T, Sandroni, C, Considine, Julie, Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Liley, HG, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, LW, Avis, SR, Aziz, K, Bendall, JC, Berry, DC, Borra, V, Böttiger, BW, Bradley, R, Bray, JE, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, JN, Cassan, P, Castrén, M, Chang, WT, Charlton, NP, Cheng, A, Chung, SP, Costa-Nobre, DT, Dainty, KN, Davis, PG, de Almeida, MF, de Caen, AR, de Paiva, EF, Deakin, CD, Djärv, T, Douma, MJ, Drennan, IR, Duff, JP, Eastwood, KJ, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, JL, Escalante, R, Fabres, JG, Fawke, J, Finn, JC, Foglia, EE, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, CA, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Heriot, GS, Hirsch, KG, Holmberg, MJ, Hosono, S, Hsieh, MJ, Hung, KKC, Hsu, CH, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, VS, Kawakami, MD, Kim, HS, Kloeck, DA, Kudenchuk, PJ, Lagina, AT, Lauridsen, KG, Lavonas, EJ, Lockey, AS, Hansen, CM, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, CJD, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, RM, Meyran, D, Morley, PT, Morrison, LJ, Nation, KJ, Nemeth, M, Neumar, RW, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O’Neil, BJ, Orkin, AM, Osemeke, O, Parr, MJ, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, JL, Perkins, GD, Perlman, JM, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, JC, Ristagno, G, Roehr, CC, Sakamoto, T, Sandroni, C, and Considine, Julie

Published
2022

2. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group

Author

Wyckoff, Mh, Singletary, Em, Soar, J, Olasveengen, Tm, Greif, R, Liley, Hg, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, Lw, Avis, Sr, Aziz, K, Bendall, Jc, Berry, Dc, Borra, V, Bottiger, Bw, Bradley, R, Bray, Je, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, Jn, Cassan, P, Castren, M, Chang, Wt, Charlton, Np, Cheng, A, Chung, Sp, Considine, J, Costa-Nobre, Dt, Couper, K, Dainty, Kn, Davis, Pg, de Almeida, Mf, de Caen, Ar, de Paiva, Ef, Deakin, Cd, Djarv, T, Douma, Mj, Drennan, Ir, Duff, Jp, Eastwood, Kj, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, Jl, Escalante, R, Fabres, Jg, Fawke, J, Finn, Jc, Foglia, Ee, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, Ca, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, Mf, Heriot, G, Hirsch, Kg, Holmberg, Mj, Hosono, S, Hsieh, Mj, Hung, Kkc, Hsu, Ch, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, V, Kawakami, Md, Kim, H, Kloeck, Da, Kudenchuk, Pj, Lagina, At, Lauridsen, Kg, Lavonas, Ej, Lockey, A, Hansen, Cm, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, Cjd, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, Rm, Meyran, D, Morley, Pt, Morrison, Lj, Nation, Kj, Nemeth, M, Neumar, Rw, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O'Neil, Bj, Orkin, Am, Osemeke, O, Parr, Mj, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, Jl, Perkins, Gd, Perlman, Jm, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, Jc, Ristagno, G, Roehr, Cc, Sakamoto, T, Sandroni, C, Sawyer, T, Schmolzer, Gm, Schnaubelt, S, Semeraro, F, Skrifvars, Mb, Smith, Cm, Smyth, Ma, Soll, Rf, Sugiura, T, Taylor-Phillips, S, Trevisanuto, D, Vaillancourt, C, Wang, Tl, Weiner, Gm, Welsford, M, Wigginton, J, Wyllie, Jp, Yeung, J, Nolan, Jp, Berg, Km, Sandroni, C (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Wyckoff, Mh, Singletary, Em, Soar, J, Olasveengen, Tm, Greif, R, Liley, Hg, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, Lw, Avis, Sr, Aziz, K, Bendall, Jc, Berry, Dc, Borra, V, Bottiger, Bw, Bradley, R, Bray, Je, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, Jn, Cassan, P, Castren, M, Chang, Wt, Charlton, Np, Cheng, A, Chung, Sp, Considine, J, Costa-Nobre, Dt, Couper, K, Dainty, Kn, Davis, Pg, de Almeida, Mf, de Caen, Ar, de Paiva, Ef, Deakin, Cd, Djarv, T, Douma, Mj, Drennan, Ir, Duff, Jp, Eastwood, Kj, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, Jl, Escalante, R, Fabres, Jg, Fawke, J, Finn, Jc, Foglia, Ee, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, Ca, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, Mf, Heriot, G, Hirsch, Kg, Holmberg, Mj, Hosono, S, Hsieh, Mj, Hung, Kkc, Hsu, Ch, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, V, Kawakami, Md, Kim, H, Kloeck, Da, Kudenchuk, Pj, Lagina, At, Lauridsen, Kg, Lavonas, Ej, Lockey, A, Hansen, Cm, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, Cjd, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, Rm, Meyran, D, Morley, Pt, Morrison, Lj, Nation, Kj, Nemeth, M, Neumar, Rw, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O'Neil, Bj, Orkin, Am, Osemeke, O, Parr, Mj, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, Jl, Perkins, Gd, Perlman, Jm, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, Jc, Ristagno, G, Roehr, Cc, Sakamoto, T, Sandroni, C, Sawyer, T, Schmolzer, Gm, Schnaubelt, S, Semeraro, F, Skrifvars, Mb, Smith, Cm, Smyth, Ma, Soll, Rf, Sugiura, T, Taylor-Phillips, S, Trevisanuto, D, Vaillancourt, C, Wang, Tl, Weiner, Gm, Welsford, M, Wigginton, J, Wyllie, Jp, Yeung, J, Nolan, Jp, Berg, Km, and Sandroni, C (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611)

Abstract

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Published
2022

3. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams

Author

Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Liley, HG, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, LW, Avis, SR, Aziz, K, Bendall, JC, Berry, DC, Borra, V, Böttiger, BW, Bradley, R, Bray, JE, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, JN, Cassan, P, Castrén, M, Chang, WT, Charlton, NP, Cheng, A, Chung, SP, Considine, Julie, Costa-Nobre, DT, Couper, K, Dainty, KN, Davis, PG, de Almeida, MF, de Caen, AR, de Paiva, EF, Deakin, CD, Djärv, T, Douma, MJ, Drennan, IR, Duff, JP, Eastwood, KJ, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, JL, Escalante, R, Fabres, JG, Fawke, J, Finn, JC, Foglia, EE, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, CA, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Heriot, GS, Hirsch, KG, Holmberg, MJ, Hosono, S, Hsieh, MJ, Hung, KKC, Hsu, CH, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, VS, Kawakami, MD, Kim, HS, Kloeck, DA, Kudenchuk, PJ, Lagina, AT, Lauridsen, KG, Lavonas, EJ, Lockey, AS, Malta Hansen, C, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, CJD, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, RM, Meyran, D, Morley, PT, Morrison, LJ, Nation, KJ, Nemeth, M, Neumar, RW, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O'Neil, BJ, Orkin, AM, Osemeke, O, Parr, MJ, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, JL, Perkins, GD, Perlman, JM, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, JC, Ristagno, G, Roehr, CC, Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Liley, HG, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, LW, Avis, SR, Aziz, K, Bendall, JC, Berry, DC, Borra, V, Böttiger, BW, Bradley, R, Bray, JE, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, JN, Cassan, P, Castrén, M, Chang, WT, Charlton, NP, Cheng, A, Chung, SP, Considine, Julie, Costa-Nobre, DT, Couper, K, Dainty, KN, Davis, PG, de Almeida, MF, de Caen, AR, de Paiva, EF, Deakin, CD, Djärv, T, Douma, MJ, Drennan, IR, Duff, JP, Eastwood, KJ, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, JL, Escalante, R, Fabres, JG, Fawke, J, Finn, JC, Foglia, EE, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, CA, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Heriot, GS, Hirsch, KG, Holmberg, MJ, Hosono, S, Hsieh, MJ, Hung, KKC, Hsu, CH, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, VS, Kawakami, MD, Kim, HS, Kloeck, DA, Kudenchuk, PJ, Lagina, AT, Lauridsen, KG, Lavonas, EJ, Lockey, AS, Malta Hansen, C, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, CJD, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, RM, Meyran, D, Morley, PT, Morrison, LJ, Nation, KJ, Nemeth, M, Neumar, RW, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O'Neil, BJ, Orkin, AM, Osemeke, O, Parr, MJ, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, JL, Perkins, GD, Perlman, JM, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, JC, Ristagno, G, and Roehr, CC

Published
2021

4. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group

Author

Wyckoff, M. H., Singletary, E. M., Soar, J., Olasveengen, T. M., Greif, R., Liley, H. G., Zideman, D., Bhanji, F., Andersen, L. W., Avis, S. R., Aziz, K., Bendall, J. C., Berry, D. C., Borra, V., Bottiger, B. W., Bradley, R., Bray, J. E., Breckwoldt, J., Carlson, J. N., Cassan, P., Castren, M., Chang, W. -T., Charlton, N. P., Cheng, A., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Costa-Nobre, D. T., Couper, K., Dainty, K. N., Davis, P. G., de Almeida, M. F., de Caen, A. R., de Paiva, E. F., Deakin, C. D., Djarv, T., Douma, M. J., Drennan, I. R., Duff, J. P., Eastwood, K. J., El-Naggar, W., Epstein, J. L., Escalante, R., Fabres, J. G., Fawke, J., Finn, J. C., Foglia, E. E., Folke, F., Freeman, K., Gilfoyle, E., Goolsby, C. A., Grove, A., Guinsburg, R., Hatanaka, T., Hazinski, M. F., Heriot, G. S., Hirsch, K. G., Holmberg, M. J., Hosono, S., Hsieh, M. -J., Hung, K. K. C., Hsu, C. H., Ikeyama, T., Isayama, T., Kapadia, V. S., Kawakami, M. D., Kim, H. -S., Kloeck, D. A., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lagina, A. T., Lauridsen, K. G., Lavonas, E. J., Lockey, A. S., Malta Hansen, C., Markenson, D., Matsuyama, T., Mckinlay, C. J. D., Mehrabian, A., Merchant, R. M., Meyran, D., Morley, P. T., Morrison, L. J., Nation, K. J., Nemeth, M., Neumar, R. W., Nicholson, T., Niermeyer, S., Nikolaou, N., Nishiyama, C., O'Neil, B. J., Orkin, A. M., Osemeke, O., Parr, M. J., Patocka, C., Pellegrino, J. L., Perkins, G. D., Perlman, J. M., Rabi, Y., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Roehr, C. C., Sakamoto, T., Sandroni, Claudio, Sawyer, T., Schmolzer, G. M., Schnaubelt, S., Semeraro, F., Skrifvars, M. B., Smith, C. M., Smyth, M. A., Soll, R. F., Sugiura, T., Taylor-Phillips, S., Trevisanuto, D., Vaillancourt, C., Wang, T. -L., Weiner, G. M., Welsford, M., Wigginton, J., Wyllie, J. P., Yeung, J., Nolan, J. P., Berg, K. M., Abelairas-Gomez, C., Barcala-Furelos, R., Beerman, S. B., Bierens, J., Cacciola, Sofia, Cellini, J., Claesson, A., Court, R., D'Arrigo, Sonia, De Brier, N., Dunne, C. L., Elsenga, H. E., Johnson, S., Kleven, G., Maconochie, I., Mecrow, T., Morgan, P., Otto, Q., Palmieri, T. L., Parnia, S., Pawar, R., Pereira, J., Rudd, S., Scapigliati, Andrea, Schmidt, A., Seesink, J., Sempsrott, J. R., Szpilman, D., Warner, D. S., Webber, J. B., West, R. L., Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Cacciola S., D'Arrigo S. (ORCID:0000-0001-6740-3195), Scapigliati A. (ORCID:0000-0002-4044-2343), Wyckoff, M. H., Singletary, E. M., Soar, J., Olasveengen, T. M., Greif, R., Liley, H. G., Zideman, D., Bhanji, F., Andersen, L. W., Avis, S. R., Aziz, K., Bendall, J. C., Berry, D. C., Borra, V., Bottiger, B. W., Bradley, R., Bray, J. E., Breckwoldt, J., Carlson, J. N., Cassan, P., Castren, M., Chang, W. -T., Charlton, N. P., Cheng, A., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Costa-Nobre, D. T., Couper, K., Dainty, K. N., Davis, P. G., de Almeida, M. F., de Caen, A. R., de Paiva, E. F., Deakin, C. D., Djarv, T., Douma, M. J., Drennan, I. R., Duff, J. P., Eastwood, K. J., El-Naggar, W., Epstein, J. L., Escalante, R., Fabres, J. G., Fawke, J., Finn, J. C., Foglia, E. E., Folke, F., Freeman, K., Gilfoyle, E., Goolsby, C. A., Grove, A., Guinsburg, R., Hatanaka, T., Hazinski, M. F., Heriot, G. S., Hirsch, K. G., Holmberg, M. J., Hosono, S., Hsieh, M. -J., Hung, K. K. C., Hsu, C. H., Ikeyama, T., Isayama, T., Kapadia, V. S., Kawakami, M. D., Kim, H. -S., Kloeck, D. A., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lagina, A. T., Lauridsen, K. G., Lavonas, E. J., Lockey, A. S., Malta Hansen, C., Markenson, D., Matsuyama, T., Mckinlay, C. J. D., Mehrabian, A., Merchant, R. M., Meyran, D., Morley, P. T., Morrison, L. J., Nation, K. J., Nemeth, M., Neumar, R. W., Nicholson, T., Niermeyer, S., Nikolaou, N., Nishiyama, C., O'Neil, B. J., Orkin, A. M., Osemeke, O., Parr, M. J., Patocka, C., Pellegrino, J. L., Perkins, G. D., Perlman, J. M., Rabi, Y., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Roehr, C. C., Sakamoto, T., Sandroni, Claudio, Sawyer, T., Schmolzer, G. M., Schnaubelt, S., Semeraro, F., Skrifvars, M. B., Smith, C. M., Smyth, M. A., Soll, R. F., Sugiura, T., Taylor-Phillips, S., Trevisanuto, D., Vaillancourt, C., Wang, T. -L., Weiner, G. M., Welsford, M., Wigginton, J., Wyllie, J. P., Yeung, J., Nolan, J. P., Berg, K. M., Abelairas-Gomez, C., Barcala-Furelos, R., Beerman, S. B., Bierens, J., Cacciola, Sofia, Cellini, J., Claesson, A., Court, R., D'Arrigo, Sonia, De Brier, N., Dunne, C. L., Elsenga, H. E., Johnson, S., Kleven, G., Maconochie, I., Mecrow, T., Morgan, P., Otto, Q., Palmieri, T. L., Parnia, S., Pawar, R., Pereira, J., Rudd, S., Scapigliati, Andrea, Schmidt, A., Seesink, J., Sempsrott, J. R., Szpilman, D., Warner, D. S., Webber, J. B., West, R. L., Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Cacciola S., D'Arrigo S. (ORCID:0000-0001-6740-3195), and Scapigliati A. (ORCID:0000-0002-4044-2343)

Abstract

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Published
2021

5. Evaluation of Commercial RNA Extraction Protocols for Avian Influenza Virus Using Nanopore Metagenomic Sequencing.

Author

Chaves M, Hashish A, Osemeke O, Sato Y, Suarez DL, and El-Gazzar M

Subjects
Animals, Birds virology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing methods, Poultry virology, Chickens virology, Nanopores, Influenza in Birds virology, Influenza in Birds diagnosis, RNA, Viral genetics, RNA, Viral isolation & purification, Nanopore Sequencing methods, Influenza A virus genetics, Influenza A virus isolation & purification, Influenza A virus classification, Metagenomics methods
Abstract

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a significant threat to the poultry industry, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnosis. The current AIV diagnostic process relies on virus identification via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Subsequently, the virus is further characterized using genome sequencing. This two-step diagnostic process takes days to weeks, but it can be expedited by using novel sequencing technologies. We aim to optimize and validate nucleic acid extraction as the first step to establishing Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) as a rapid diagnostic tool for identifying and characterizing AIV from clinical samples. This study compared four commercially available RNA extraction protocols using AIV-known-positive clinical samples. The extracted RNA was evaluated using total RNA concentration, viral copies as measured by rRT-PCR, and purity as measured by a 260/280 absorbance ratio. After NGS testing, the number of total and influenza-specific reads and quality scores of the generated sequences were assessed. The results showed that no protocol outperformed the others on all parameters measured; however, the magnetic particle-based method was the most consistent regarding C T value, purity, total yield, and AIV reads, and it was less error-prone. This study highlights how different RNA extraction protocols influence ONT sequencing performance.

Published
2024
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6. Assessment of temperature and time on the survivability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) on experimentally contaminated surfaces.

Author

Mil-Homens M, Aljets E, Paiva RC, Machado I, Cezar G, Osemeke O, Moraes D, Jayaraman S, Brinning M, Poeta Silva AP, Tidgren L, Durflinger M, Wilhelm M, Flores V, Frenier J, Linhares D, Zhang J, Holtkamp D, and Silva GS

Subjects
Swine, Animals, Temperature, Aluminum, Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Swine Diseases, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
Abstract

Fomites might be responsible for virus introduction in swine farms, highlighting the importance of implementing practices to minimize the probability of virus introduction. The study's objective was to assess the efficacy of different combinations of temperatures and holding-times on detecting live PRRSV and PEDV on surfaces commonly found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. Two PRRSV isolates (MN 184 and 1-4-4 L1C variant) and one PEDV isolate (NC 49469/2013) were inoculated on cardboard and aluminum. An experimental study tested combinations of four temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and six holding-times (15 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours) for the presence of the viruses on each surface type. After virus titration, virus presence was assessed by assessing the cytopathic effects and immunofluorescence staining. The titers were expressed as log10 TCID50/ml, and regression models; half-lives equations were calculated to assess differences between treatments and time to not detect the live virus. The results suggest that the minimum time that surfaces should be held to not detect the virus at 30°C was 24 hours, 40°C required 12 hours, and 50°C required 6 hours; aluminum surfaces took longer to reach the desired temperature compared to cardboard. The results suggest that PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant had higher half-lives at higher temperatures than PRRSV MN 184. In conclusion, time and temperature combinations effectively decrease the concentration of PRRSV and PEDV on different surfaces found in supply entry rooms in swine farms., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Mil-Homens et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
Full Text
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7. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group.

Author

Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Soar J, Olasveengen TM, Greif R, Liley HG, Zideman D, Bhanji F, Andersen LW, Avis SR, Aziz K, Bendall JC, Berry DC, Borra V, Böttiger BW, Bradley R, Bray JE, Breckwoldt J, Carlson JN, Cassan P, Castrén M, Chang WT, Charlton NP, Cheng A, Chung SP, Considine J, Costa-Nobre DT, Couper K, Dainty KN, Davis PG, de Almeida MF, de Caen AR, de Paiva EF, Deakin CD, Djärv T, Douma MJ, Drennan IR, Duff JP, Eastwood KJ, El-Naggar W, Epstein JL, Escalante R, Fabres JG, Fawke J, Finn JC, Foglia EE, Folke F, Freeman K, Gilfoyle E, Goolsby CA, Grove A, Guinsburg R, Hatanaka T, Hazinski MF, Heriot GS, Hirsch KG, Holmberg MJ, Hosono S, Hsieh MJ, Hung KKC, Hsu CH, Ikeyama T, Isayama T, Kapadia VS, Kawakami MD, Kim HS, Kloeck DA, Kudenchuk PJ, Lagina AT, Lauridsen KG, Lavonas EJ, Lockey AS, Malta Hansen C, Markenson D, Matsuyama T, McKinlay CJD, Mehrabian A, Merchant RM, Meyran D, Morley PT, Morrison LJ, Nation KJ, Nemeth M, Neumar RW, Nicholson T, Niermeyer S, Nikolaou N, Nishiyama C, O'Neil BJ, Orkin AM, Osemeke O, Parr MJ, Patocka C, Pellegrino JL, Perkins GD, Perlman JM, Rabi Y, Reynolds JC, Ristagno G, Roehr CC, Sakamoto T, Sandroni C, Sawyer T, Schmölzer GM, Schnaubelt S, Semeraro F, Skrifvars MB, Smith CM, Smyth MA, Soll RF, Sugiura T, Taylor-Phillips S, Trevisanuto D, Vaillancourt C, Wang TL, Weiner GM, Welsford M, Wigginton J, Wyllie JP, Yeung J, Nolan JP, and Berg KM

Subjects
Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Practice Guidelines as Topic, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 therapy, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Emergency Medical Services, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Published
2022
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8. The effect of mode of delivery on health-related quality-of-life in mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Evans K, Fraser H, Uthman O, Osokogu O, Johnson S, and Al-Khudairy L

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Delivery, Obstetric methods, Parturition psychology, Postpartum Period psychology, Quality of Life
Abstract

Background: Previous research is inconclusive on the effects of mode of delivery on maternal health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the current evidence for associations between mode of delivery and postpartum health-related quality-of-life., Methods: Electronic databases MEDLINE ALL (OVID), Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and EMBASE (OVID) were searched for English written articles investigating the relationship between mode of delivery and quality-of-life published form inception to 15th October 2020. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed full texts, and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted where possible., Results: Twenty-one studies, including 19,879 women, met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of 18 studies found HRQoL scores were significantly higher for women after vaginal delivery in comparison to caesarean (emergency and elective combined) (Effect Size (ES) 0.17, 95% CI 0.01-0.25, n = 7665) with highest scores after assisted vaginal delivery (ES 0.21, 95% CI 0.13-0.30, n = 2547). Physical functioning (ES 11.18, 95% CI = 2.29-20.06, n = 1746), physical role (ES 13.10, 95% CI = 1.16-25.05, n = 1471), vitality (ES 6.31, 95% CI = 1.14-10.29, n = 1746) and social functioning (ES 5.69, 95% CI = 1.26-10.11, n = 1746) were significantly higher after vaginal delivery compared to caesarean., Conclusions: Health-related quality-of-life scores were higher for women after vaginal delivery in comparison to caesarean section. Consequently, women should be encouraged to deliver vaginally where possible. The findings of this research should be available to the relevant population to help support informed choice., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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9. Association between vitamin D supplementation or serum vitamin D level and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 including clinical course, morbidity and mortality outcomes? A systematic review.

Author

Grove A, Osokogu O, Al-Khudairy L, Mehrabian A, Zanganeh M, Brown A, Court R, Taylor-Phillips S, Uthman OA, McCarthy N, Kumar S, and Clarke A

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Supplements, Humans, Morbidity, Retrospective Studies, Vitamin D, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Objective: To systemically review and critically appraise published studies of the association between vitamin D supplementation or serum vitamin D level and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19, including clinical course, morbidity and mortality outcomes., Design: Systematic review., Data Sources: MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (OVID), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MedRxiv and BioRxiv preprint databases. COVID-19 databases of the WHO, Cochrane, CEBM Oxford and Bern University up to 10 June 2020., Study Selection: Studies that assessed vitamin D supplementation and/or low serum vitamin D in patients acutely ill with, or at risk of, severe betacoronavirus infection (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2)., Data Extraction: Two authors independently extracted data using a predefined data extraction form and assessed risk of bias using the Downs and Black Quality Assessment Checklist., Results: Searches elicited 449 papers, 59 studies were eligible full-text assessment and 4 met the eligibility criteria of this review. The four studies were narratively synthesised and included (1) a cross-sectional study (n=107) suggesting an inverse association between serum vitamin D and SARS-CoV-2; (2) a retrospective cohort study (348 598 participants, 449 cases) in which univariable analysis showed that vitamin D protects against COVID-19; (3) an ecological country level study demonstrating a negative correlation between vitamin D and COVID-19 case numbers and mortality; and (4) a case-control survey (n=1486) showing cases with confirmed/probable COVID-19 reported lower vitamin D supplementation. All studies were at high/unclear risk of bias., Conclusion: There is no robust evidence of a negative association between vitamin D and COVID-19. No relevant randomised controlled trials were identified and there is no robust peer-reviewed published evidence of association between vitamin D levels and severity of symptoms or mortality due to COVID-19. Guideline producers should acknowledge that benefits of vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 are as yet unproven despite increasing interest., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2021
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10. Information given by websites selling home self-sampling COVID-19 tests: an analysis of accuracy and completeness.

Author

Taylor-Phillips S, Berhane S, Sitch AJ, Freeman K, Price MJ, Davenport C, Geppert J, Harris IM, Osokogu O, Skrybant M, and Deeks JJ

Subjects
COVID-19 epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 Testing methods, Internet, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Specimen Handling methods
Abstract

Objectives: To assess the accuracy and completeness of information provided by websites selling home self-sampling and testing kits for COVID-19., Design: Cross-sectional observational study., Setting: All websites (n=27) selling direct to user home self-sampling and testing kits for COVID-19 (41 tests) in the UK (39 tests) and USA (two tests) identified by a website search on 23 May 2020., Main Outcome Measures: Thirteen predefined basic information items to communicate to a user, including who should be tested, when and how testing should be done, test accuracy, and interpretation of results., Results: Many websites did not provide the name or manufacturer of the test (32/41; 78%), when to use the test (10/41; 24%), test accuracy (12/41; 29%), and how to interpret results (21/41; 51%). Sensitivity and specificity were the most commonly reported test accuracy measures (either reported for 27/41 [66%] tests): we could only link these figures to manufacturers' documents or publications for four (10%) tests. Predictive values, most relevant to users, were rarely reported (five [12%] tests reported positive predictive values). For molecular virus tests, 9/23 (39%) websites explained that test positives should self-isolate, and 8/23 (35%) explained that test negatives may still have the disease. For antibody tests, 12/18 (67%) websites explained that testing positive does not necessarily infer immunity from future infection. Seven (39%) websites selling antibody tests claimed the test had a CE mark, when they were for a different intended use (venous blood rather than finger-prick samples)., Conclusions: At the point of online purchase of home self-sampling COVID-19 tests, users in the UK are provided with incomplete, and, in some cases, misleading information on test accuracy, intended use, and test interpretation. Best practice guidance for communication about tests to the public should be developed and enforced for online sales of COVID-19 tests., Competing Interests: Competing interests: MS reports grants from NIHR Applied Research Collaboration WM; AJS, SB, MP, CD, and JD report funding and support from NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2020
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