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2. Corals record long-term Leeuwin current variability including Ningaloo Niño/Niña since 1795.

Author

Zinke, J, Rountrey, A, Feng, M, Xie, S-P, Dissard, D, Rankenburg, K, Lough, JM, and McCulloch, MT

Subjects
Animals, Anthozoa, Temperature, Seawater, Water Movements, Oceanography, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Western Australia, Global Warming, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, History, 18th Century, 19th Century, 20th Century, 21st Century
Abstract

Variability of the Leeuwin current (LC) off Western Australia is a footprint of interannual and decadal climate variations in the tropical Indo-Pacific. La Niña events often result in a strengthened LC, high coastal sea levels and unusually warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs), termed Ningaloo Niño. The rarity of such extreme events and the response of the southeastern Indian Ocean to regional and remote climate forcing are poorly understood owing to the lack of long-term records. Here we use well-replicated coral SST records from within the path of the LC, together with a reconstruction of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation to hindcast historical SST and LC strength from 1795 to 2010. We show that interannual and decadal variations in SST and LC strength characterized the past 215 years and that the most extreme sea level and SST anomalies occurred post 1980. These recent events were unprecedented in severity and are likely aided by accelerated global ocean warming and sea-level rise.

Published
2014

4. Submerged Stories from the Sidelines of Archaeological Science: The History and Politics of the Keban Dam Rescue Project (1967-1975) in Eastern Turkey

Author

Dissard, Laurent

Subjects
Archaeology, Middle Eastern studies, Philosophy of science, History of Archaeology, Keban Dam, Laboratories, Politics of Archaeology, Rescue Project, Techniques
Abstract

The Keban Dam Rescue Project was initiated in 1967 to record and study the history of the Keban region in Eastern Turkey about to be inundated. The project brought scholars of several disciplines together to document, in a relatively limited amount of time, the past and the landscape of this threatened Upper Euphrates area. The international and multidisciplinary salvage excavations are perceived today as a turning point for Turkish archaeology. The archaeological excavations seem to mark a rather unstable moment within the history of Turkish archaeology. Nevertheless, if teams were operating under different theoretical paradigms, in the end, they all agreed that knowledge about the history and prehistory of the Keban region needed be produced scientifically, that is in an organized and systematic manner. This dissertation scrutinizes some of archaeology's taken-for-granted scientific techniques which contribute to the emergence of the field laboratory. As experiments are performed in the outdoors laboratory of archaeology, several divides between nature and culture, present and past, the local and the universal simultaneously occur. Archaeologists thus define their object of research as relating to the universal and past culture of humankind, disregarding other objects of potential research belonging to nature or to the local present. The rescue project at Keban allowed certain kinds of evidence to be selected and made visible while others were, if not completely invisible, marginalized. In the Keban site reports, knowledge about a site is placed to the foreground while the conditions of its production are placed to the sidelines. In other words, as archaeologists make their discoveries visible to the world, they simultaneously make themselves invisible. In addition, local people only make unexpected appearances on the margins of the reports. This dissertation uses the scientific accounts of archaeology to make some of these submerged stories come back to the surface. Viewed from a different perspective --or from a different "situated" stand-point-- the agency of archaeologists, the local stories from villages, the negative effects of dam construction, among other things supposedly excluded from the scientific process of archaeology, can be retrieved and placed to the foreground.

Published
2011

6. Functional results in endoscopic Zenker's diverticulum surgery.

Author

Dissard, A., Gilain, L., Pastourel, R., Mom, T., and Saroul, N.

Abstract

Objectives The main objective of this retrospective study was to assess functional results in endoscopic Zenker's diverticulum surgery. The secondary objectives were to assess safety, identify recurrence risk factors, and determine optimal management of recurrence. Material and methods From 2000 to 2014, 50 patients underwent endoscopic surgery for marsupialization of Zenker's diverticulum. Regurgitation and dysphagia were assessed on the FOIS scale, pre- and post-operatively. Recurrences and complications rates were determined retrospectively at a minimum 18 months’ follow-up. Results Regurgitation and dysphagia improved in respectively 96% and 86% of patients. There was a 12% rate of complications, mostly minor. Mean hospital stay and time to return to oral feeding were 2.0 and 1.3 days respectively. Nine patients (18%) showed recurrence of symptoms, requiring revision surgery at a mean 2.7 years, performed endoscopically in the majority of cases. Only one recurrence risk factor was identified: small diverticulum size. Conclusion Endoscopic Zenker's diverticulum surgery provided functional improvement in most cases. Safe and effective, it is currently the treatment of choice for Zenker's diverticulum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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8. COMMON GROUND: Archaeological Practice and Local Communities in Southeastern Turkey

Author

Rosenzweig, Melissa and Dissard, Laurent

Abstract

Archaeologists often come across ancient human burials during excavations. Less often, however, do human burials come across archaeological excavations. This happened though, at a site in southeastern Turkey a few years ago. When a funeral procession interrupted operations on the mound of Ziyaret Tepe, archaeologists confronted the dilemma of maintaining an excavation site as a scientific space in real-world contexts that are anything but sterile (void of contemporary meaning) or controlled (void of competing claims). The funeral event exposed the salience of the mound as both a sacred and scientific landmark, and brought to the fore numerous historical, political and cultural factors that rarely receive acknowledgement in the field or in publication. We outline these various influences on archaeological practice at Ziyaret Tepe, and use this unexpected funeral to advocate for a community archaeology that broadens the value of excavation by respecting a site's valence as something other than a scientific space.

Published
2013
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9. Renal tubular fluid shear stress facilitates monocyte activation toward inflammatory macrophages

Author

Miravète, Mathieu, Dissard, Romain, Klein, Julie, Gonzalez, Julien, Caubet, Cécile, Pecher, Christiane, Pipy, Bernard, Bascands, Jean-Loup, Mercier-Bonin, Muriel, Schanstra, Joost P., and Buffin-Meyer, Bénédicte

Abstract

Modified urinary fluid shear stress (FSS) induced by variations of urinary fluid flow and composition is observed in early phases of most kidney diseases. Recently, we reported that renal tubular FSS promotes endothelial cell activation and subsequent adhesion of human monocytes, thereby suggesting that changes in urinary FSS can induce the development of inflammation (Miravète M, Klein J, Besse-Patin A, Gonzalez J, Pecher C, Bascands JL, Mercier-Bonin M, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B, BBRC407: 813–817, 2011). Here, we evaluated the influence of tubular FSS on monocytes as they play an important role in the progression of inflammation in nephropathies. Human renal tubular cells (HK-2) were exposed to FSS 0.01 Pa for 30 min or 5 h. Treatment of human THP-1 monocytes with the resulting conditioned medium (FSS-CM) modified the expression of macrophage differentiation markers, suggesting differentiation toward the inflammatory M1-type macrophage. The effect was confirmed in freshly isolated human monocytes. In contrast to endothelial cells, the activation of monocytes by FSS-CM did not require TNF-α. Cytokine array analysis of FSS-CM showed that FSS modified secretion of cytokines by HK-2 cells, particularly by increasing secretion of TGF-β and by decreasing secretion of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Neutralization of TGF-β or CCL2 supplementation attenuated the effect of FSS-CM on macrophage differentiation. Finally, FSS-injured HK-2 cells expressed and secreted early biomarkers of tubular damage such as kidney injury molecule 1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. In conclusion, changes in urinary FSS should now also be considered as potential insults for tubular cells that initiate/perpetuate interstitial inflammation.

Published
2012
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12. The Writing on the Wall: A decorative arts intern from the master of preservation studies program at Tulane School of Architecture explores THNOC's 19th-century wallpaper collection.

Author

DISSARD-COOPER, ISABELLE

Subjects
WALLPAPER, WALLPAPER collecting, HISTORIC house museums, NINETEENTH century
Abstract

The article offers information on the 19th-century wallpaper collection of The Historic New Orleans Collection (THNOC). Topics covered include the wallpaper acquired by THNOC from the Hermann-Grima and Gallier Historic Houses in 2015, the many fragments in the collection, and THNOC's continued acquisition of wallpapers from various historic homes throughout New Orleans, Louisiana.

Published
2019

13. A stereo matching algorithm for urban digital elevation models

Author

Dissard, O. and Baillard, C.

Subjects
REMOTE sensing, CITIES & towns
Abstract

A stereo matching algorithm dedicated to complex urban scenes is described. It relies on successive complementary matching steps, based on dynamic programming. First, intensity edges of both images are matched, which produces piecewise continuous 3D chains. This provides a description of the scene structure containing the highest elevation ofmost height discontinuities. Then the interval pairs defined by the matched edges are matched in a hierarchical way, by a radio-metrically constrained process followed by a geometrically constrained one. The novelty of the approach lies in the use of several successive stepsappropriate to different kinds of pixels. It provides dense disparity maps with less noise, while preserving discontinuities, which are acharacteristic of urban digital elevation models. The method has proved reliable (producing few noisy and altimetrically accurate 3D data) and fast, and is robust to image variability. Perspectives within an industrial production context are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000

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