Search

Background: Hijab pin ingestion is common in the Kashmiri population, especially among young females. This is attributed to the tradition of wearing hijab in adolescent girls and young women. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to identify the incidence of hijab pin ingestion in the Muslim females of Kashmir Valley. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery SKIMS Medical College, Bemina, Srinagar, from February 2022 to December 2023. It was a prospective study comprising 60 female patients above the age of 12 years having a history of accidental ingestion of hijab pins. History and clinical examination were followed by chest and abdominal radiographs. Data were collected and inferences were drawn. Results: The study included 60 patients presenting to the emergency with a history of accidental ingestion of pin. The majority of patients, that is, 30 (50%) were 25-35 years of age. Most patients 40 (67%) were asymptomatic at presentation with 20 (33.33%) patients presenting to the hospital within 2-3 h of ingestion. Foreign body (FB) had reached the small intestine in 22 (36.67%) patients at the time of presentation. Moreover, 1 (1.67%) patient had extraluminal migration of the FB. In our study, 46 patients had a normal passage of FB through the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the patients, that is, 46 (76.67%) were managed conservatively. Only 2 (6.67%) patients needed surgical intervention. Conclusion: FB ingestion is common among the young females of Kashmir Valley. Adequate follow-up is necessary to prevent long-term complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hijab pin ingestion is common in the Kashmiri population, especially among young females. This is attributed to the tradition of wearing hijab in adolescent girls and young women. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to identify the incidence of hijab pin ingestion in the Muslim females of Kashmir Valley. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery SKIMS Medical College, Bemina, Srinagar, from February 2022 to December 2023. It was a prospective study comprising 60 female patients above the age of 12 years having a history of accidental ingestion of hijab pins. History and clinical examination were followed by chest and abdominal radiographs. Data were collected and inferences were drawn. Results: The study included 60 patients presenting to the emergency with a history of accidental ingestion of pin. The majority of patients, that is, 30 (50%) were 25–35 years of age. Most patients 40 (67%) were asymptomatic at presentation with 20 (33.33%) patients presenting to the hospital within 2–3 h of ingestion. Foreign body (FB) had reached the small intestine in 22 (36.67%) patients at the time of presentation. Moreover, 1 (1.67%) patient had extraluminal migration of the FB. In our study, 46 patients had a normal passage of FB through the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the patients, that is, 46 (76.67%) were managed conservatively. Only 2 (6.67%) patients needed surgical intervention. Conclusion: FB ingestion is common among the young females of Kashmir Valley. Adequate follow-up is necessary to prevent long-term complications.

The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) plays a crucial role in linking the glycolysis pathway and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Previously, we reported that a mutation of MAB1, encoding an E1β subunit of PDC, affects the abundance of auxin efflux carriers PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) via reduced recycling and enhanced degradation in vacuoles. Here, we further analyzed the effects of TCA cycle inhibition on vesicle trafficking using both the mab1-1 mutant and 3-BP, a TCA cycle inhibitor. Pharmacological and genetic impairment of the TCA cycle induced the aggregated components of ARA6, which is a plant-unique RAB5 GTPase that mediates endosomal trafficking to the plasma membrane. In addition, MAB4, which is an NPH3-like protein that inhibits PIN internalization from the plasma membrane, was severely reduced in 3-BP-treated roots and mab1-1. Furthermore, TCA cycle impairment led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in root tips, and treatment with H2O2 reduced MAB4 levels while increasing the internalization of PIN2 from the plasma membrane, and aggregated ARA6-positive compartments. These results suggest that TCA cycle impairment targets PIN proteins for degradation in the vacuole by disrupting both the MAB4-mediated block of internalization and the ARA6-mediated endocytic pathway.

This study focuses on the integration of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRT) with metal components through the use of cold-formed pin structures. Comparing six different joining methods with varying heat generation approaches, we investigated their impact on the mechanical properties and joint integrity. Ultrasonic vibration emerged as a highly promising method, offering both rapid joining operations and favorable mechanical characteristics with average failure loads in lap shear tests of up to 249 N. In comparison, vibration welding showed drawbacks, resulting in CFRT damage, potential pin failure, and diminished mechanical performance with maximum average lap shear loads of 216 N. Additionally, traces of zinc residue were identified on the CFRT surface, raising concerns about the corrosion resistance of the metal component. In summary, vibration welding appears unsuitable for pin joining applications. Infrared heating, while showcasing good mechanical performance with lap shear loads of up to 257 N, proved to be a more time-consuming process compared to ultrasonic joining. It also resulted in inferior mechanical strength under shear load in the direction of the fiber orientation (238 N). To assess the mechanical potential of pin joints relatively to established joining methods, we created and tested adhesively joined reference samples. Pin joints demonstrated a significant advantage under shear load, showing approximately double the shear strength (17.8 MPa) compared to adhesively joined samples (8.9 MPa). However, under normal load, pin joints exhibited lower strength, highlighting the need for further optimization to enhance their practical applicability.

Abstract Background PIN-FORMED genes (PINs) are crucial in plant development as they determine the directionality of auxin flow. They are present in almost all land plants and even in green algae. However, their role in fern development has not yet been determined. This study aims to investigate the function of CrPINMa in the quasi-model water fern Ceratopteris richardii. Results CrPINMa possessed a long central hydrophilic loop and characteristic motifs within it, which indicated that it belonged to the canonical rather than the non-canonical PINs. CrPINMa was positioned in the lineage leading to Arabidopsis PIN6 but not that to its PIN1, and it had undergone numerous gene duplications. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing had been performed in ferns for the first time, producing diverse mutations including local frameshifts for CrPINMa. Plants possessing disrupted CrPINMa exhibited retarded leaf emergence and reduced leaf size though they could survive and reproduce at the same time. CrPINMa transcripts were distributed in the shoot apical meristem, leaf primordia and their vasculature. Finally, CrPINMa proteins were localized to the plasma membrane rather than other cell parts. Conclusions CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is feasible in ferns, and that PINs can play a role in fern leaf development.

Hybrid components consisting of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRT) and steel components exhibit promising potential in advanced lightweight construction. However, the joining operation presents a significant challenge due to the materials' distinct physical and chemical properties. This paper studies a joining method in which dual pin arrays protruding from the surface of the metal component are inserted into the locally heated CFRT component to create a form-fitting joint. The primary objective is to scrutinize the influence of various CFRT materials on joint formation and quantify the resulting properties. The fiber type (glass and carbon) and fiber architecture (unidirectional and bidirectional reinforcement) are varied. All materials could successfully be joined via the direct pin pressing process, while depending on the CFRT material, distinct characteristic fiber morphologies could be identified. Bidirectionally reinforced carbon fiber reinforced samples showed the highest overall strength, while unidirectionally glass fiber reinforced samples showed the highest energy absorption and second highest ultimate strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aeromonas hydrophila is a widely recognized broad-spectrum pathogen that primarily targets the gastrointestinal tract. Type IV pili (T4P) are proteinaceous nano-machines located on the bacterial cell surface, playing a crucial role in host colonization and infection. Regrettably, the T4P systems of A. hydrophila remain largely underexplored. Methods: A. hydrophila genomes with complete genome assembly and annotation reports up to 31 March 2023, were obtained from the NCBI Genome database or KEGG genome database, followed by a global search for T4P secretion system genes. Protein sequences of these manually curetted genes were used as secondary quarry for Synteny analysis. Protein–protein interaction analysis was performed by string analysis and in silico study of genomic islands. Results: We identified 27 orthologs of type IV pili (T4P) nano-machine components in A. hydrophila. These orthologs are primarily distributed across three operons: pilABCD, pilMNOPQ, and pilVWXY. While the first two operons are commonly found in all experimental genomes, the presence of the pilVWXY operon, coding for 11 orthologs, is reported here for the first time in A. hydrophila. Notably, the complete pilVWXY operon is absent in nonvirulent strains. A genomic islands study between a nonvirulent and hypervirulent strain also confirms absence of most of the genes coded by pilVWXY in nonvirulent strain. Interestingly, among the 51 experimental genomes analyzed, the pilVWXY operon was completely absent in 10 strains, most of which are categorized as nonvirulent; Conclusions: The distribution of two major type IV pili (T4P) nano-machines, PilABCDMNOPQ and PilVWXY, is reported here for the first time in A. hydrophila. Additionally, this study suggests a potential role for the PilVWXY nano-machine in establishing human disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: PIN-FORMED genes (PINs) are crucial in plant development as they determine the directionality of auxin flow. They are present in almost all land plants and even in green algae. However, their role in fern development has not yet been determined. This study aims to investigate the function of CrPINMa in the quasi-model water fern Ceratopteris richardii. Results: CrPINMa possessed a long central hydrophilic loop and characteristic motifs within it, which indicated that it belonged to the canonical rather than the non-canonical PINs. CrPINMa was positioned in the lineage leading to Arabidopsis PIN6 but not that to its PIN1, and it had undergone numerous gene duplications. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing had been performed in ferns for the first time, producing diverse mutations including local frameshifts for CrPINMa. Plants possessing disrupted CrPINMa exhibited retarded leaf emergence and reduced leaf size though they could survive and reproduce at the same time. CrPINMa transcripts were distributed in the shoot apical meristem, leaf primordia and their vasculature. Finally, CrPINMa proteins were localized to the plasma membrane rather than other cell parts. Conclusions: CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is feasible in ferns, and that PINs can play a role in fern leaf development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the complex marine environment, ship engines are under the harsh working conditions of high humidity and high salinity for a long time, which seriously aggravates the frictional wear of engine chains and thus affects the working stability and the fatigue life of engines. Based on this, this study designs the surface textures on the chain pin in three shapes—square, sine and circular. Combining experiments and simulations, the influence of texture shape, area occupancy and depth on the friction and wear resistance is studied in order to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for solving the long-term engine chain wear problem. The results show that the presence of the texture reduces the elemental Cr content of the surface after wear and thus improves the surface wear resistance compared to a smooth no-texture surface. Among the three texture shapes, the sinusoidal texture exhibites the best friction reduction and wear resistance performance, and the highest friction reduction rate of about 31. 9% is achieved under high speed and light load conditions. The sinusoidal texture has the shallowest surface wear marks, and the wear process is mainly micro-motion wear, accompanied by slight adhesive wear.

An improved EEHEMT nonlinear model with noise model has been developed in this paper. Empirical formulas of bias dependent noise model parameters are given. A four-stage 120–160 GHz monolithic low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated with the 70nm InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT technology. The simulated results of S-parameters and noise figure show the good agreement with measured data to verify the accuracy of the proposed model.

Photon modulator is the core device in the optical fiber communication system, which mainly modulates the optical signal to realize the conversion of the signal from the electrical domain to the optical domain. With the development of silicon based semiconductor technology, silicon based photonic modulator has gradually become a mainstream silicon photonic device. The realization of GHz bandwidth modulator based on silicon technology also lays a foundation for the development of silicon photonics. As a high performance optical modulator for short distance off optical interconnection, SiGe optical absorption modulator has gotten much attention. This study discusses the development status of high-performance SiGe electro-optic modulator, mainly analyzes the research progress of silicon based photonic modulator at home and abroad, and discusses the electrical modulation structures such as PIN, PN junction, which provides a way to continue to develop high-speed, low loss photonic modulator in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a Computer Vision and Machine Learning equipped model that secures the ATM from fraudulent activities by leveraging the use of Haar cascade (HRC) and Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) classifier for face detection and recognition correspondingly, which in turn detect fraud by utilizing features, like PIN and face recognition, help to identify and authenticate the user by checking with the trained dataset and trigger real-time alert mail if the user turns out to be unauthorized also. It does not allow them to log in into the machine, which resolves the ATM security issue. this system is evaluated on the dataset of real-world ATM camera feeds, which shows an accuracy of 90%. It can effectively detect many frauds, including identity theft and unauthorized access which makes it even more reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous fiber reinforced and toughened ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are key thermal structural materials in aerospace and other fields. Mechanical connectivity, as one of the most reliable connectivity methods, is an essential method to achieve connectivity of large and complex CMCs components. At present, research on CMCs joints is rapidly developing, but there is few comprehensive review literature on CMCs joints. Based on the research work in the field of CMCs joints in recent years, the preparation and mechanical property characterization methods of CMCs fasteners were summarized in this paper, the damage and failure mechanism of CMCs fasteners were systematically stored and discussed, and focusing on the influencing factors and laws of mechanical properties of CMCs fasteners from the perspective of material properties and external environment. The research work on CMCs mechanical joints was presented, and the damage law, failure mechanism, finite element simulation and reliability of CMCs connectors were prospected.

The paper deals with the conception and feasibility of the device structure based on the optimized PIN-(In, Ga)N homojunction solar cells. A new and efficient model combining the most realistic ones considering the impacts of band gap narrowing, collection efficiency, Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, and interface polarization is proposed to examine the solar cells' performance numerically. The functioning processes of n-In0.42Ga0.58N/i-(In, Ga)N/p-In0.42Ga0.58N solar cells at room temperature were investigated by calculating their characteristics for the AM1.5D, AM1.5G, and AM0 American Society for Testing and Materials experimental data. Our results show that the indium content, thickness, and defect density of the intrinsic layer strongly influence the characteristics of the InGaN solar cells. As the In-mole fraction increases, Voc, FF and efficiency diminish to reach an independent regime for high In-content. A higher-quality 2μm−In0.43Ga0.57N for 1014cm−3 defect concentration can exhibit as high an efficiency as ≅11.3%, dropping to ≅4.12% for 1016cm−3 one.

Small auxin-up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) are genes rapidly activated in response to auxin hormones, significantly affecting plant growth and development. However, there is limited information available about the specific functions of SAURs in rice due to the presence of extensive redundant genes. In this study, we found that OsSAUR10 contains a conserved downstream element in its 3′ untranslated region that causes its transcripts to be unstable, ultimately leading to the immediate degradation of the mRNA in rice. In our investigation, we discovered that OsSAUR10 is located in the plasma membrane, and its expression is regulated in a tissue-specific, developmental, and hormone-dependent manner. Additionally, we created ossaur10 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, which resulted in various developmental defects such as dwarfism, narrow internodes, reduced tillers, and lower yield. Moreover, histological observation comparing wild-type and two ossaur10 mutants revealed that OsSAUR10 was responsible for cell elongation. However, overexpression of OsSAUR10 resulted in similar phenotypes to the wild-type. Our research also indicated that OsSAUR10 plays a role in regulating the expression of two groups of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis (OsYUCCAs) and auxin polar transport (OsPINs) in rice. Thus, our findings suggest that OsSAUR10 acts as a positive plant growth regulator by contributing to auxin biosynthesis and polar transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrodynamics of the existing basic extrusion head of the MCH-200 screw machine were calculated using ANSYS. Pin extrusion was proposed for head modernization. A new simpler head design was developed using the directional search method. When comparing data on the distribution of material flow rates for the basic and new head designs, the efficiency of pin insertion into the extrusion head was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aeromonas hydrophila is a widely recognized broad-spectrum pathogen that primarily targets the gastrointestinal tract. Type IV pili (T4P) are proteinaceous nano-machines located on the bacterial cell surface, playing a crucial role in host colonization and infection. Regrettably, the T4P systems of A. hydrophila remain largely underexplored. Methods: A. hydrophila genomes with complete genome assembly and annotation reports up to 31 March 2023, were obtained from the NCBI Genome database or KEGG genome database, followed by a global search for T4P secretion system genes. Protein sequences of these manually curetted genes were used as secondary quarry for Synteny analysis. Protein–protein interaction analysis was performed by string analysis and in silico study of genomic islands. Results: We identified 27 orthologs of type IV pili (T4P) nano-machine components in A. hydrophila. These orthologs are primarily distributed across three operons: pilABCD, pilMNOPQ, and pilVWXY. While the first two operons are commonly found in all experimental genomes, the presence of the pilVWXY operon, coding for 11 orthologs, is reported here for the first time in A. hydrophila. Notably, the complete pilVWXY operon is absent in nonvirulent strains. A genomic islands study between a nonvirulent and hypervirulent strain also confirms absence of most of the genes coded by pilVWXY in nonvirulent strain. Interestingly, among the 51 experimental genomes analyzed, the pilVWXY operon was completely absent in 10 strains, most of which are categorized as nonvirulent; Conclusions: The distribution of two major type IV pili (T4P) nano-machines, PilABCDMNOPQ and PilVWXY, is reported here for the first time in A. hydrophila. Additionally, this study suggests a potential role for the PilVWXY nano-machine in establishing human disease.

The cytoskeleton is a fundamental component found in all eukaryotic organisms, serving as a critical factor in various essential cyto-biological mechanisms, particularly in the locomotion and morphological transformations of plant cells. The cytoskeleton is comprised of three main components: microtubules (MT), microfilaments (MF), and intermediate filaments (IF). The cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in the process of cell wall formation and remodeling throughout the growth and development of cells. It is a highly organized and regulated network composed of filamentous components. In the basic processes of intracellular transport, such as mitosis, cytokinesis, and cell polarity, the plant cytoskeleton plays a crucial role according to recent studies. The major flaws in the organization of the cytoskeletal framework are at the root of the aberrant organogenesis currently observed in plant mutants. The regulation of protein compartmentalization and abundance within cells is predominantly governed by the process of vesicle/membrane transport, which plays a crucial role in several signaling cascades.The regulation of membrane transport in eukaryotic cells is governed by a diverse array of proteins. Recent developments in genomics have provided new tools to study the evolutionary relationships between membrane proteins in different plant species. It is known that members of the GTPases, COP, SNAREs, Rabs, tethering factors, and PIN families play essential roles in vesicle transport between plant, animal, and microbial species. This Review presents the latest research on the plant cytoskeleton, focusing on recent developments related to the cytoskeleton and summarizing the role of various proteins in vesicle transport. In addition, the report predicts future research direction of plant cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking, potential research priorities, and provides researchers with specific pointers to further investigate the significant link between cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking.

Lateral root initiation requires the accumulation of auxin in lateral root founder cells, yielding a local auxin maximum. The positioning of auxin maxima along the primary root determines the density and spacing of lateral roots. The GOLVEN6 (GLV6) and GLV10 signaling peptides and their receptors have been established as regulators of lateral root spacing via their inhibitory effect on lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis. However, it was unclear how these GLV peptides interfere with auxin signaling or homeostasis. Here, we show that GLV6/10 signaling regulates the expression of a subset of auxin response genes, downstream of the canonical auxin signaling pathway, while simultaneously inhibiting the establishment of auxin maxima within xylem-pole pericycle cells that neighbor lateral root initiation sites. We present genetic evidence that this inhibitory effect relies on the activity of the PIN3 and PIN7 auxin export proteins. Furthermore, GLV6/10 peptide signaling was found to enhance PIN7 abundance in the plasma membranes of xylem-pole pericycle cells, which likely stimulates auxin efflux from these cells. Based on these findings, we propose a model in which the GLV6/10 signaling pathway serves as a negative feedback mechanism that contributes to the robust patterning of auxin maxima along the primary root. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work deals with the process of occupation of the Amazon region, through nationalist policies implemented since the 1960s. Having as a landmark the period of the Military Government, through the National Integration Program - PIN, which culminated in the creation of the project of the Federal Highway BR - 210 (Perimetral Norte). In addition to the territorial policies in the Amazon, there is a contextualization of the main roads in the state of Roraima, which played an important role in the occupation process of the then state, with the vast majority of the migrant population coming from the Northeast region of the country. These interstate migrants will contribute significantly to the colonization process in the southeastern region of Roraima, in which they are reterritorializing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arabidopsis vacuolar Na+/H+ transporters (NHXs) are important regulators of intracellular pH, Na+ and K+ homeostasis and necessary for normal plant growth, development, and stress acclimation. Arabidopsis contains four vacuolar NHX isoforms known as AtNHX1 to AtNHX4. The quadruple knockout nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4, lacking any vacuolar NHX-type antiporter activity, displayed auxin-related phenotypes including loss of apical dominance, reduced root growth, impaired gravitropism and less sensitivity to exogenous IAA and NAA, but not to 2,4-D. In nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4, the abundance of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2, but not PIN1, was drastically reduced at the plasma membrane and was concomitant with an increase in PIN2 labeled intracellular vesicles. Intracellular trafficking to the vacuole was also delayed in the mutant. Measurements of free IAA content and imaging of the auxin sensor DII-Venus, suggest that auxin accumulates in root tips of nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4. Collectively, our results indicate that vacuolar NHX dependent cation/H+ antiport activity is needed for proper auxin homeostasis, likely by affecting intracellular trafficking and distribution of the PIN2 efflux carrier.

Background: The posterior interosseus nerve (PIN) may be encountered when using the extensile extensor digitorum communis (EDC)-splitting approach to the elbow. An accurate means of estimating its location remains elusive. The purpose of this investigation is to identify whether the methods described in previous studies can be improved upon to more accurately estimate the PIN's location using the transepicondylar distance (TED). Methods: Forty-five fresh-frozen cadavers were dissected using the EDC-splitting approach. Method A (N = 39) used an electronic caliper measuring along the midlateral border of the radius from the lateral epicondyle (LE) and radiocapitellar joint in supination, neutral position, and pronation. Method B (N = 16) used a sterile tape measure, measuring from the LE in pronation only along an axis from the LE to Lister’s tubercle passing through the center capitellum. Results: In method A, the mean TED was 63.4 ± 6.1 mm. Of the 6 measurements, the TED was most correlated to the actual distance to the PIN from the LE in pronation (68.3 ± 7.3 mm; R2 = 0.266). The median difference between the estimated and actual distances was −5.6 mm (−19.3 mm to 7.6 mm). In method B, the mean TED was 68.4 ± 8.7 mm, and the mean measured distance from the LE in pronation was 68.7 ± 9.4 mm. The TED closely correlated with the measured distance to the PIN (R2 = 0.95, P

Abstract Using data from the Bucharest Stock Exchange, we examine the factors influencing the probability of informed trading (PIN) during February—October 2020, a COVID-19 pandemic period. Based on an unconditional quantile regression approach, we show that PIN exhibit asymmetric dependency with liquidity and trading costs. Furthermore, building a customized database that contains all insider transactions on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, we reveal that these types of orders monotonically increase the information asymmetry from the 50th to the 90th quantile throughout the PIN distribution. Finally, we bring strong empirical evidence associating the level of information asymmetry to the level of fake news related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This novel result suggests that during episodes when the level of PIN is medium to high (between 15 and 50%), any COVID-19 related news classified as misinformation released during the lockdown period, is discouraging informed traders to place buy or sell orders conditioned by their private information.

It's a big challenge for businesses to increase security in the age of digital technologies, especially for online shops. In online shopping, hackers can penetrate networks and steal private information about customers. Biometrics are still not being used by online retailers in Indonesia as a form of payment security. In this essay, we'll talk about how biometrics might increase online transaction security and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auxins are responsible for a large part of the plant development process. To exert their action, they must move throughout the plant and from cell to cell, which is why plants have developed complex transport systems for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These transporters involve proteins that transport IAA into cells, transporters that move IAA to or from different organelles, mainly the endoplasmic reticulum, and transporters that move IAA out of the cell. This research determined that Persea americana has 12 PIN transporters in its genome. The twelve transporters are expressed during different stages of development in P. americana zygotic embryos. Using different bioinformatics tools, we determined the type of transporter of each of the P. americana PIN proteins and their structure and possible location in the cell. We also predict the potential phosphorylation sites for each of the twelve-PIN proteins. The data show the presence of highly conserved sites for phosphorylation and those sites involved in the interaction with the IAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration is a life threatening emergency which requires immediate medical attention. Foreign body aspiration caused by sharp objects like scarf pins was more common in young girls, possibly due to casual handling of sharp objects. Most of the patients were symptomatic with cough and choking episodes. The penetration and dislodgement was the most commonly reported symptom in the majority of the patients. Here we are presenting a case of a young female with accidental swallowing of sharp scarf, following which she developed throat pain and cough. A detailed radiological examination was performed which showed that a foreign body had migrated into the left bronchus, which was removed with a bronchoscope. This case demonstrates the emergency management of a sharp foreign object that was inhaled into the airway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root cap is a small tissue located at the tip of the root with critical functions for root growth. Present in nearly all vascular plants, the root cap protects the root meristem, influences soil penetration, and perceives and transmits environmental signals that are critical for root branching patterns. To perform these functions, the root cap must remain relatively stable in size and must integrate endogenous developmental pathways with environmental signals, yet the mechanism is not clear. We previously showed that low pH conditions altered root cap development, and these changes are mediated by the NIN LIKE PROTEIN 7 (NLP7) transcription factor, a master regulator of nitrate signaling. Here we show that in Arabidopsis NLP7 integrates nitrate signaling with auxin pathways to regulate root cap development. We found that low nitrate conditions promote aberrant release of root cap cells. Nitrate deficiency impacts auxin pathways in the last layer of the root cap, and this is mediated in part by NLP7. Mutations in NLP7 abolish the auxin minimum in the last layer of the root cap and alter root cap expression of the auxin carriers PIN-LIKES 3 (PILS3) and PIN-FORMED 7 (PIN7) as well as transcription factors that regulate PIN expression. Together, our data reveal NLP7 as a link between endogenous auxin pathways and nitrate signaling in the root cap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional password authentication methods have raised many issues in the past, including insecure practices, so it comes as no surprise that the evolution of authentication should arrive in the form of password-less solutions. This research aims to explore the problems that password authentication and password policies present and aims to deploy Windows Hello for Business (WHFB) on-premises. This includes creating three virtual machines (VMs) and evaluating WHFB as a password-less solution and showing how an attacker with privileged access may retrieve the end user's domain password from the computer's memory using Mimikatz and describing the possible results. The conducted research tests are in the form of two attack methods. This was feasible by the creation of three VMs operating in the following way. The first VM will act as a domain controller (DC) and certificate authority server (CA server). The second VM will act as an Active Directory Federation Service (ADFS). The third VM will act as the end-user device. The test findings research summarized that password-less authentication is far more secure than the traditional authentication method; this is evidenced throughout the author's tests. Within the first test, it was possible to retrieve the password from an enrolled device for WHFB while it was still in the second phase of the deployment. The second test was a brute-force attack on the PIN of WHFB; since WHFB has measures to prevent such attacks, the attack was unsuccessful. However, even though the retrieval of the password was successful, there are several obstacles to achieving this outcome. It was concluded that many organizations still use password authentication as their primary authentication method for accessing devices and applications. Larger organizations such as Microsoft and Google support the adoption of password-less authentication for end-users, and the current usage of password-less authentication shared by both organizations is encouraged. This usually leads organizations to adopt this new solution for their IT infrastructure. This is because it has been used and tested by millions of people and has proven to be safe. This supports the findings of increased usage and the need for password-less authentication by today's users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the Bucharest Stock Exchange, we examine the factors influencing the probability of informed trading (PIN) during February—October 2020, a COVID-19 pandemic period. Based on an unconditional quantile regression approach, we show that PIN exhibit asymmetric dependency with liquidity and trading costs. Furthermore, building a customized database that contains all insider transactions on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, we reveal that these types of orders monotonically increase the information asymmetry from the 50th to the 90th quantile throughout the PIN distribution. Finally, we bring strong empirical evidence associating the level of information asymmetry to the level of fake news related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This novel result suggests that during episodes when the level of PIN is medium to high (between 15 and 50%), any COVID-19 related news classified as misinformation released during the lockdown period, is discouraging informed traders to place buy or sell orders conditioned by their private information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted on the valley of Duhok and the agricultural lands irrigated from it, where three sites were identified for collecting samples quarterly from soil and sediment using clean plastic bags for the purpose of measuring lead, nickel, cobalt and copper. Pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow pollution index (PIN), Potential Ecological Risk (PER) and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) were also calculated according to the internationally approved methods. The results indicated that most of lead, nickel and copper concentrations in soils and sediments exceeded the limits allowed by WHO, reaching annual rates (96.758, 168.746 and 29.88), (111.25, 219.65 and 48.162) mg.kg-1, respectively. This fluctuation in concentrations was reflected in the values of the studied indicators for both soil and sediment, where 50% and 58% of the studied specimen are of the polluted grade and the remnant are of the non-polluted grade according to the PLI values. So is the case with PIN where 58% of the soil specimen and 41.6% of the sediment samples were of the severe pollution grade, while 25% and 33.3% of the specimen were of the heavy pollution grade and the remnant were slightly pollution grade. The same applies to the results of the PER index values, where 50% and 41.67% of the specimen were from the Medium ecological risk category, and the rest were from the low ecological risk category, likewise for the (Igeo) values, 100% and 96% of the soil and sediment samples were from the Weakly polluted category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently,The Automated Teller Machines (ATM) and Point of Sale (POS) are based on the Europay, MasterCard and VisaCard (EMV) protocol. The goal of the EMV protocol is to enhance and improve the level of transaction security at both ATMs and Points of Sale. Despite the high performance of electronic payment systems, they suffer from attacks that can lead to unauthorized disclosure of cardholder data. This paper describes the EMV protocol and its features, and common attacks that threaten EMV card users in transactions at both ATMs and Points of Sale. The study will document the vulnerabilities that threaten EMV card holders and provide countermeasures against various potential attacks. It also describes the proposed methods that have been introduced in recent years to overcome these attacks and enhance the security level of the EMV protocol. The results of the comparison showed that biometrics has the highest performance in card security based on the EMV protocol with additional improvements in the encryption phase against all types of attacks.

Abstract In this study, we use bank loan information to construct proxies for corporate transparency and examine whether these measures reflect information asymmetry in the stock market. Our analysis is based on a novel dataset of stock transactions and bank loans of all publicly listed firms on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, covering January 2008 to June 2013. We find that firms with outstanding loans have a lower level of information asymmetry in the stock market, whereas firms with defaulted loans have a higher level of asymmetry. Further evidence demonstrates that the effect of loan default on information asymmetry in the stock market is more pronounced when these loans are borrowed from joint-equity commercial banks or multiple banks and when the default occurs under inactive market conditions. Our results remain robust to a series of endogeneity and sensitivity tests and provide suggestive evidence of a close connection between the credit loan and stock markets.

Small auxin-up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) are genes rapidly activated in response to auxin hormones, significantly affecting plant growth and development. However, there is limited information available about the specific functions of SAURs in rice due to the presence of extensive redundant genes. In this study, we found that OsSAUR10 contains a conserved downstream element in its 3′ untranslated region that causes its transcripts to be unstable, ultimately leading to the immediate degradation of the mRNA in rice. In our investigation, we discovered that OsSAUR10 is located in the plasma membrane, and its expression is regulated in a tissue-specific, developmental, and hormone-dependent manner. Additionally, we created ossaur10 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, which resulted in various developmental defects such as dwarfism, narrow internodes, reduced tillers, and lower yield. Moreover, histological observation comparing wild-type and two ossaur10 mutants revealed that OsSAUR10 was responsible for cell elongation. However, overexpression of OsSAUR10 resulted in similar phenotypes to the wild-type. Our research also indicated that OsSAUR10 plays a role in regulating the expression of two groups of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis (OsYUCCAs) and auxin polar transport (OsPINs) in rice. Thus, our findings suggest that OsSAUR10 acts as a positive plant growth regulator by contributing to auxin biosynthesis and polar transport.

Continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTs) can in combination with high-strength metals offer characteristics that cannot be achieved with mono-material parts. One possible example is the combination of locally high-temperature resistance in the metal component with superior weight-related mechanical properties due to the CFRT component. This approach requires a reliable and durable joining technology, which considers the material-specific properties and allows to exploit the full potential of CFRT/metal hybrid parts. A promising approach in the field of CFRT/metal joining is the use of metallic pins, which can be embedded in the locally heated CFRT component to create a form-fitting joint. In the current state of the art, primarily single-pins are investigated and characterized: especially the distinct fiber orientation in the direct pin pressing process is only described for single-pin joints. Behind this background, the present study aims at creating an understanding of the fiber orientation mechanism for multi-pin arrays. Therefore, in the scope of this study, unidirectional reinforced glass fiber/polypropylene samples are joined via direct pin pressing and infrared heating with different 1D and 2D multi-pins arrays with different pin-diameters, spacing and pin distributions. The resulting joint morphology is consequently analyzed using micro-computer-tomography. Based on the performed investigations, a model for the fiber displacement mechanism is proposed, and the first recommendations for the design of fiber-friendly multi-pin joints with unidirectional reinforcements are given. It showed that especially pin-spacing in fiber orientation in dependency of the pin diameter is critical for a fully reconsolidated joint quality, and it is suggested that a pin-offset in the fiber direction is beneficial for a fiber-friendly joining process.

The current study was conducted on the valley of Duhok and the agricultural lands irrigated from it, where three sites were identified for collecting samples quarterly from soil and sediment using clean plastic bags for the purpose of measuring lead, nickel, cobalt and copper. Pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow pollution index (PIN), Potential Ecological Risk (PER) and Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) were also calculated according to the internationally approved methods. The results indicated that most of lead, nickel and copper concentrations in soils and sediments exceeded the limits allowed by WHO, reaching annual rates (96.758, 168.746 and 29.88) , (111.25, 219.65 and 48.162) mg.kg-1, respectively. This fluctuation in concentrations was reflected in the values of the studied indicators for both soil and sediment, where 50% and 58% of the studied specimen are of the polluted grade and the remnant are of the non-polluted grade according to the PLI values. So is the case with PIN where 58% of the soil specimen and 41.6% of the sediment samples were of the severe pollution grade, while 25% and 33.3% of the specimen were of the heavy pollution grade and the remnant were slightly pollution grade. The same applies to the results of the PER index values, where 50% and 41.67% of the specimen were from the Medium ecological risk category, and the rest were from the low ecological risk category, likewise for the (Igeo) values, 100% and 96% of the soil and sediment samples were from the Weakly polluted category.

Aesthetic and functional rehabilitations are a challenge because there is a fine line between the aesthetic and what can respond well to the individual's functional demands for as long as possible. Considering these two factors and trying to combine them, the previous rehabilitations end up having a greater difficulty due to its very nature, since it is an extremely esthetic region that ends up receiving a great expectation from the patient. This case report discusses a successful rehabilitation of anterior teeth with the exchange of aesthetically unfavorable old crowns for new ones in lithium disilicate combined with customized fiberglass pins, obtaining extremely aesthetic results and good functional relationships in addition to a new aspect of the smile, mainly due to the patient's decision to place veneers also in lithium disilicate on the anterior teeth and upper first premolars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive analysis of small-signal equivalent circuit models for GaAs-based PIN diodes is performed in this article. The analysis provides the equivalent circuit models for PIN diode operation in four different operation modes. A compact nonlinear equivalent circuit model has been developed which takes into account the dc/ac frequency dispersion of the diode dynamic resistance. In order to verify the validity of the proposed circuit model, the comparison between the modeled and measurement data is given, good fitting is obtained for GaAs-based PIN diode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meristem is the most functionally dynamic part in a plant. The shaping of the meristem requires constant cell division and elongation, which are influenced by hormones and the cytoskeletal component, actin. Although the roles of hormones in modulating meristem development have been extensively studied, the role of actin in this process is still elusive. Using the single and double mutants of the vegetative class actin, we demonstrate that actin isovariant ACT7 plays an important role in root meristem development. In the absence of ACT7, but not ACT8 and ACT2, depolymerization of actin was observed. Consistently, the act7 mutant showed reduced cell division, cell elongation, and meristem length. Intracellular distribution and trafficking of auxin transport proteins in the actin mutants revealed that ACT7 specifically functions in the root meristem to facilitate the trafficking of auxin efflux carriers PIN1 and PIN2, and consequently the transport of auxin. Compared with act7 , the act7act8 double mutant exhibited slightly enhanced phenotypic response and altered intracellular trafficking. The altered distribution of auxin in act7 and act7act8 affects the response of the roots to ethylene, but not to cytokinin. Collectively, our results suggest that ACT7-dependent auxin-ethylene response plays a key role in controlling Arabidopsis root meristem development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the research of new resource-efficient constructions of a series of chain transmissions, taking into account the operating environment and load levels for the drives of technological machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabidopsis mitochondrial-localized heat shock protein 70-1 (mtHSC70-1) modulates vegetative growth by assisting mitochondrial complex IV assembly and maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. In addition, mtHSC70-1 affects embryo development, and this effect is mediated by auxin. However, whether mtHSC70-1 regulates vegetative growth through auxin and knowledge of the link between ROS homeostasis and auxin distribution remain unclear. Here, we found that mtHSC70-1 knockout seedlings (mthsc70-1a) displayed shortened roots, decreased fresh root weight and lateral root number, increased root width and abnormal root morphology. The introduction of the mtHSC70-1 gene into mthsc70-1a restored the growth and development of roots to the level of the wild type. However, sugar and auxin supplementation could not help the mutant roots restore to normal. Moreover, mthsc70-1a seedlings showed a decrease in meristem length and activity, auxin transport carrier (PINs and AUX1) and auxin abundances in root tips. The application of exogenous reducing agents upregulated the levels of PINs in the mutant roots. The introduction of antioxidant enzyme genes (MSD1 or CAT1) into the mthsc70-1a mutant rescued the PIN and local auxin abundances and root growth and development. Taken together, our data suggest that mtHSC70-1 regulates polar auxin transport through ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, 1 k (i.e., 1000 fiber per bundle) T-300™ (Toray Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan) and 12 k (i.e.,12,000 fiber per bundle) T-700™ (Toray Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan) carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) pins are fabricated using the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method. For the 1 k T-300™ carbon fiber, the 2D [0°/90°] plain-woven (PW) laminated structure is adopted; and for the 12 k T-700™ carbon fiber, the Multi-axial Warp-Knitted (MWK) structure (i.e., [0°/45°/90°/-45°]) is adopted. Mechanical properties (i.e., tensile, compression, and flexure) of two types of C/SiC are evaluated. Three types of double-shear tests (i.e., the shear loading perpendicular (Type 1), parallel (Type 2), and 45° off-axial (Type 3) loading to the lamination of the C/SiC pins) are conducted to evaluate the shear mechanical properties for the C/SiC pins. Relationships between the double shear mechanical properties, loading type, fiber type, microstructures, and damage mechanisms are established. For 1 k T-300™ PW C/SiC pin, the double shear strength is τs = 74.66 ± 11.33 and 105.49 ± 8.6 MPa for test Type 1 and 2, respectively; and for 12 k T-700™ PW C/SiC pin, the double shear strength is τs = 104.33 ± 11.33, 202.82 ± 24.8, 86.56 ± 2.57 MPa for test Type 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Compared with 1 k T-300™ PW C/SiC pin, the double shear strength of 12 k T-700™ PW C/SiC pin increased 39.74 and 99.26% for test Type 1 and 2. The increases of the shear strength in 12 k T-700™ MWK C/SiC pins is due to the higher strength for 12 k T-700™ carbon fiber and the higher densification for the MWK fiber preform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El síndrome del nervio interóseo posterior (NIP) es una condición definida por la neuropatía por compresión de esta rama del nervio radial causada por traumatismos, lesiones ocupantes de espacio, neuritis braquial, o compresión espontánea. Su presentación clínica se caracteriza por un inicio insidioso de los síntomas, generalmente un déficit en la extensión de los dedos sin alteración sensitiva. En este artículo, presentamos un caso clínico de una mujer de 72 años con un lipoma intraneural que causó compresión extrínseca por 11 meses y tuvo una recuperación completa después de la extirpación quirúrgica. Además de la escasez de casos clínicos descritos en la literatura (solo tres hasta la fecha), también destacamos la excelente evolución de la paciente, independientemente de su edad y de la duración de los síntomas.

Grafting is an effective way to improve Chinese hickory while salt stress has caused great damage to the Chinese hickory industry. Grafting and salt stress have been regarded as the main abiotic stress types for Chinese hickory. However, how Chinese hickory responds to grafting and salt stress is less studied. Auxin has been proved to play an essential role in the stress response through its re-distribution regulation mediated by polar auxin transporters, including PIN-formed (PIN) proteins. In this study, the PIN gene family in Chinese hickory (CcPINs) was identified and structurally characterized for the first time. The expression profiles of the genes in response to grafting and salt stress were determined. A total of 11 CcPINs with the open reading frames (ORFs) of 1,026--1,983 bp were identified. Transient transformation in tobacco leaves demonstrated that CcPIN1a, CcPIN3, and CcPIN4 were localized in the plasma membrane. There were varying phylogenetic relationships between CcPINs and homologous genes in different species, but the closest relationships were with those in Carya illinoinensis and Juglans regia. Conserved N- and C-terminal transmembrane regions as well as sites controlling the functions of CcPINs were detected in CcPINs. Five types of cis-acting elements, including hormone- and stressresponsive elements, were detected on the promoters of CcPINs. CcPINs exhibited different expression profiles in different tissues, indicating their varied roles during growth and development. The 11 CcPINs responded differently to grafting and salt stress treatment. CcPIN1a might be involved in the regulation of the grafting process, while CcPIN1a and CcPIN8a were related to the regulation of salt stress in Chinese hickory. Our results will lay the foundation for understanding the potential regulatory functions of CcPIN genes during grafting and under salt stress treatment in Chinese hickory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article's authors examined the possibilities of intensifying the lyophilization process in an innovative sublimation device with the help of ultrasonic vibration. The introduction of lyophilization technology on an industrial scale began relatively recently. Manufacturers widely used this technology to process high-value food products, primarily berries, vegetables, and fruits. The purpose of freeze drying is to reduce the products' mass and preserve the product's properties for a long time. Lyophilization involves the removal of water from the frozen product, sublimation, and desorption under high vacuum conditions. The process aims to obtain the desired residual moisture value in the final product. However, the process implementation is associated with large consumption of the required energy. The high energy costs and long time needed for lyophilization make it an expensive process compared to other drying technologies, especially in the case of freeze-drying fishery products. Therefore, the authors propose introducing ultrasonic vibrations to the product with the help of an advanced pin to create fine ice crystals inside target bodies and speed up the sublimation process without significantly impacting aesthetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]