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1. Recent experiments with the European 1MW, 170GHz industrial CW and short-pulse gyrotrons for ITER

Author

Ioannidis, Z. C., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Avramidis, K. A., Bin, W., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Chelis, J., Fanale, F., Gantenbein, G., Genoud, J., Hogge, J.-P., Hermann, V., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Kasparek, W., Latsas, G. P., Legrand, F., Lechte, C., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Rzesnicki, T., Sánchez, F., Schlatter, C., Schmid, M., Tigelis, I. G., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zisis, A., and Zein, A.

Published
2019
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2. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., Dell'Era, F., Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Goodman, T., Granucci, G., Hogge, J.-P., Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., and Viganò, F.

Published
2019
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4. Overview of the ITER EC H&CD system and its capabilities

Author

Omori, T., Henderson, M.A., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T.S., Beckett, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J.B., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Cox, D., Darbos, C., de Baar, M.R., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassmann, T., Goodman, T.P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J.P., Illy, S., Jean, O., Jin, J., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Kumric, H., Landis, J.D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, Y., Pagonakis, I., Piosczyk, B., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Purohit, D., Ramponi, G., Rao, S.L., Rasmussen, D.A., Ronden, D.M.S., Rzesnicki, T., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M.A., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Strauss, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Temkin, R.J., Thumm, M., Tran, M.Q., Udintsev, V.S., and Zohm, H.

Published
2011
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5. Experimental Testing of the European TH1509U 170-GHz 1-MW CW Industrial Gyrotron – Long Pulse Operation

Author

Rzesnicki, T., Ioannidis, Z. C., Avramidis, K. A., Chelis, I., Gantenbein, G., Hogge, J., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Leggieri, A., Legrand, F., Pagonakis, I. G., Sanchez, F., and Thumm, M.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Abstract

The upgraded European 1-MW, 170-GHz continuous wave (CW) industrial prototype gyrotron (TH1509U) for electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive in ITER was tested at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). In this work, we report on the major achievements during the experimental campaigns that took place intermittently between October 2020 and July 2021. The upgraded gyrotron clearly surpassed the performance of the previous TH1509 tube. In particular, TH1509U delivered (i) 0.9 MW in 180 s pulses (maximum possible pulse length with the KIT test stand) and (ii) more than 1 MW at a pulse length limited to 40 s, due to an unforeseen problem with the test stand cooling circuit at that time. In addition, it was possible to also demonstrate gyrotron operation at (iii) 0.5 MW in 1600 s pulses. The experiments will be continued at the FALCON test stand at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).

Published
2022
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7. 2018 Status on KIT Gyrotron Activities

Author

Jelonnek John, Aiello G., Avramidis K., Gantenbein G., Grossetti G., Illy S., Ioannidis Z. C., Jin J., Kalaria P., Marek A., Pagonakis I. Gr., Rzesnicki T., Ruess S., Ruess T., Scherer T., Schmid M., Strauss D., Thumm M., Wilde F., Wu C., and Zein A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Published
2018
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8. Recent Trends in Fusion Gyrotron Development at KIT

Author

Gantenbein G., Avramidis K., Franck J., Illy S., Ioannidis Z. C., Jin J., Jelonnek J., Kalaria P., Pagonakis I. Gr., Ruess S., Rzesnicki T., Thumm M., and Wu C.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

ECRH&CD is one of the favorite heating system for magnetically confined nuclear fusion plasmas. KIT is strongly involved in the development of high power gyrotrons for use in ECRH systems for nuclear fusion. KIT is upgrading the sub-components of the existing 2 MW, 170 GHz coaxial-cavity short-pulse gyrotron to support long-pulse operation up to 1 s, all components will be equipped with a specific active cooling system. Two important developments for future high power, highly efficient gyrotrons will be discussed: design of gyrotrons with high operating frequency (∼ 240 GHz) and efficiency enhancement by using advanced collector designs with multi-staged voltage depression.

Published
2017
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10. Experimental Results of the EU ITER Prototype Gyrotrons

Author

Gantenbein G., Albajar F., Alberti S., Avramidis K., Bin W., Bonicelli T., Bruschi A., Chelis J., Fanale F., Legrand F., Hermann V., Hogge J.-P., Illy S., Ioannidis Z. C., Jin J., Jelonnek J., Kasparek W., Latsas G. P., Lechte C., Lontano M., Pagonakis I. G., Rzesnicki T., Schlatter C., Schmid M., Tigelis I. G., Thumm M., Tran M. Q., Vomvoridis J. L., Zein A., and Zisis A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW industrial prototype gyrotron for ECRH&CD on ITER was under test at the KIT test facility during 2016. In order to optimize the gyrotron operation, the tube was thoroughly tested in the short-pulse regime, with pulse lengths below 10 ms, for a wide range of operational parameters. The operation was extended to longer pulses with a duration of up to 180 s. In this work we present in detail the achievements and the challenges that were faced during the long-pulse experimental campaign.

Published
2017
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11. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., F., Dell'Era, Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Goodman, T., Granucci, G., J.-P., Hogge, Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., F., Viganò, Ikeda, Ryosuke, and Takahashi, Koji

Abstract

The future EC systems will consist of several gyrotron sources providing MW-level millimeter wave power at a frequency around or above 170 GHz. The development of matched loads is necessary to test the new sources, the components for the transmission lines and the launchers, and must ensure high qualification for compatibility with the nuclear environment. The development at IFP-CNR and LTC of several compact high-power prototypes during the last decade led to a refinement of the overall design, resulting in the present low-reflectivity vacuum-compatible loads. The activity on loads is supported by F4E in view of the development of the EU gyrotron for ITER and required high-power tests at QST (Naka, Japan). Qualification is now supported by new tests at SPC (Lausanne, Switzerland) using the FALCON test-bed designed to test components and the EU gyrotron prototype for the EC system of ITER. These high-power tests, performed on the first CW prototype load (provided with 16 + 16 cooling channels in parallel) and shown in this paper, highlighted the need to improve the mechanical, vacuum and hydraulic design to reach the final goal of 1000s at ∼1 MW.

Published
2018

12. Collective Thomson Scattering Diagnostic for Wendelstein 7-X at 175 GHz

Author

Moseev, Dmitry, Laqua, H. P., Stange, T., Abramovic, I., Nielsen, S. K., Äkäslompolo, S., Avramidis, K., Braune, H., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Kasparek, W., Krier, L., Korsholm, S.B., Lechte, C., Marek, Ales, Marsen, S., Nishiura, M., Pagonakis, I., Salewski, M., Rasmussen, J., Tancetti, A., Thumm, M., and Wolf, R. C.

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic measures the scattering spectrum of incident radiation off collective fluctuations in plasmas. In Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) the diagnostic uses a 140 GHz heating gyrotron as a source of the probing radiation. At this frequency, the CTS spectra are heavily affected by the electron cyclotron emission, and the microwave beam propagation is restricted at typical W7-X plasma parameters. The diagnostic was successfully commissioned in the last experimental campaign and demonstrated ion temperature measurements. However, the signal-to-noise ratio was too low for measuring other quantities such as the fast-ion velocity distribution function or the fuel ion ratio. Currently, the W7-X CTS diagnostic is undergoing an upgrade to a frequency of 175 GHz. This will increase the sensitivity of the diagnostic, since the noise due to electron cyclotron emission will be reduced, and it will relax the constraints on microwave beam propagation in W7-X. Here we present the salient features of the upgraded CTS system and discuss its prospects for both thermal-ion and fast-ion measurements.

Published
2020
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13. Operations with Spherical Calorimetric Loads in Different Configurations at Gyrotron Test Stands at EPFL and QST

Author

Bin, W. Bruschi, A. Fanale, F. Lucca, F. Alberti, S. and Carannante, G. Cavinato, M. Goodman, T. Hogge, J-P and Legrand, F. Sanchez, F. Takahashi, K. Albajar, F. and Chelis, I Dell'Era, F. Fasel, D. Gantenbein, G. and Granucci, G. Ikeda, R. Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z. Jelonnek, J. Mellera, V Minelli Nardone, A. Oda, Y. Pagonakis, I Rispoli, N. Rzesnicki, T. Sartori Silva, M. and Simonetto, A. Thumm, M. Tigelis, I

Abstract

A research activity in the Institute for Plasma Science and Technology of National Research Council (ISTP-CNR, Italy, former IFP-CNR) and in L.T. Calcoli (LTC, Italy) is aimed at the design and construction of calorimetric loads for absorption and measurement of high power millimeter-waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. Recently, two CW 170 GHz loads, one for the European ITER gyrotron test facility and the other for the FALCON test- bed, have been installed at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC, Switzerland). One short pulse (2 s) load for 1 MW, designed and optimised to operate at two different frequencies (84 GHz and 126 GHz), was provided for testing and conditioning two new dual-frequency gyrotrons for the Tokamak a Configuration Variable (TCV, Switzerland). Two additional CW loads, designed for absorbing powers higher than 1 MW, have been delivered to the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST, Japan) and exploited for the acceptance tests and the conditioning of the prototype of the Japanese ITER gyrotron. The present status and the most recent experimental results achieved in the framework of this development activity are reported in the paper.

Published
2020

14. Status of Europe’s contribution to the ITER EC system

Author

Albajar F., Aiello G., Alberti S., Arnold F., Avramidis K., Bader M., Batista R., Bertizzolo R., Bonicelli T., Braunmueller F., Brescan C., Bruschi A., von Burg B., Camino K., Carannante G., Casarin V., Castillo A., Cauvard F., Cavalieri C., Cavinato M., Chavan R., Chelis J., Cismondi F., Combescure D., Darbos C., Farina D., Fasel D., Figini L., Gagliardi M., Gandini F., Gantenbein G., Gassmann T., Gessner R., Goodman T.P., Gracia V., Grossetti G., Heemskerk C., Henderson M., Hermann V., Hogge J.P., Illy S., Ioannidis Z., Jelonnek J., Jin J., Kasparek W., Koning J., Krause A.S., Landis J.D., Latsas G., Li F., Mazzocchi F., Meier A., Moro A., Nousiainen R., Purohit D., Nowak S., Omori T., van Oosterhout J., Pacheco J., Pagonakis I., Platania P., Poli E., Preis A.K., Ronden D., Rozier Y., Rzesnicki T., Saibene G., Sanchez F., Sartori F., Sauter O., Scherer T., Schlatter C., Schreck S., Serikov A., Siravo U., Sozzi C., Spaeh P., Spichiger A., Strauss D., Takahashi K., Thumm M., Tigelis I., Vaccaro A., Vomvoridis J., Tran M.Q., and Weinhorst B.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The electron cyclotron (EC) system of ITER for the initial configuration is designed to provide 20MW of RF power into the plasma during 3600s and a duty cycle of up to 25% for heating and (co and counter) non-inductive current drive, also used to control the MHD plasma instabilities. The EC system is being procured by 5 domestic agencies plus the ITER Organization (IO). F4E has the largest fraction of the EC procurements, which includes 8 high voltage power supplies (HVPS), 6 gyrotrons, the ex-vessel waveguides (includes isolation valves and diamond windows) for all launchers, 4 upper launchers and the main control system. F4E is working with IO to improve the overall design of the EC system by integrating consolidated technological advances, simplifying the interfaces, and doing global engineering analysis and assessments of EC heating and current drive physics and technology capabilities. Examples are the optimization of the HVPS and gyrotron requirements and performance relative to power modulation for MHD control, common qualification programs for diamond window procurements, assessment of the EC grounding system, and the optimization of the launcher steering angles for improved EC access. Here we provide an update on the status of Europe’s contribution to the ITER EC system, and a summary of the global activities underway by F4E in collaboration with IO for the optimization of the subsystems.

Published
2015
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15. Operations with spherical calorimetric loads in different configurations at gyrotron test stands at EPFL and QST

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Lucca, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Goodman, T., J.-P., Hogge, Legrand, F., Sanchez, F., Koji, Takahashi, Albajar, F., Chelis, I., F., Dell'Era, Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Granucci, G., Ryosuke, Ikeda, Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Meller, V., Minelli, Nardone, A., Yasuhisa, Oda, Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sartori, Silva, M., Simonetto, A., Thumm, M., Tigelis, I., Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Lucca, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Goodman, T., J.-P., Hogge, Legrand, F., Sanchez, F., Koji, Takahashi, Albajar, F., Chelis, I., F., Dell'Era, Fasel, D., Gantenbein, G., Granucci, G., Ryosuke, Ikeda, Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Meller, V., Minelli, Nardone, A., Yasuhisa, Oda, Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sartori, Silva, M., Simonetto, A., Thumm, M., and Tigelis, I.

Abstract

A research activity in the Institute for Plasma Science and Technology of National Research Council (ISTP-CNR, Italy, former IFP-CNR) and in L.T. Calcoli (LTC, Italy) is aimed at the design and construction of calorimetric loads for absorption and measurement of high power millimeter-waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. Recently, two CW 170 GHz loads, one for the European ITER gyrotron test facility and the other for the FALCON test- bed, have been installed at the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC, Switzerland). One short pulse (2 s) load for 1 MW, designed and optimised to operate at two different frequencies (84 GHz and 126 GHz), was provided for testing and conditioning two new dual-frequency gyrotrons for the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV, Switzerland). Two additional CW loads, designed for absorbing powers higher than 1 MW, have been delivered to the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST, Japan) and exploited for the acceptance tests and the conditioning of the prototype of the Japanese ITER gyrotron. The present status and the most recent experimental results achieved in the framework of this development activity are reported in the paper.

Published
2020

16. Tests and developments of a long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load

Author

Bin, W. Bruschi, A. Fanale, F. Francesca, M. Lucca, F. Albajar, F. Alberti, S. Carannante, G. Cavinato, M. Chelis, I. Dell'Era, F. Fasel, D. Gantenbein, G. Goodman, T. Granucci, G. Hogge, J.-P. Ikeda, R. Ioannidis, Z. Legrand, F. Mellera, V. Minelli, D. Nardone, A. Pagonakis, I. Rispoli, N. Rzesnicki, T. Sanchez, F. Spinicchia, N. Takahashi, K. Tigelis, I. Viganò, F.

Abstract

The future EC systems will consist of several gyrotron sources providing MW-level millimeter wave power at a frequency around or above 170 GHz. The development of matched loads is necessary to test the new sources, the components for the transmission lines and the launchers, and must ensure high qualification for compatibility with the nuclear environment. The development at IFP-CNR and LTC of several compact high-power prototypes during the last decade led to a refinement of the overall design, resulting in the present low-reflectivity vacuum-compatible loads. The activity on loads is supported by F4E in view of the development of the EU gyrotron for ITER and required high-power tests at QST (Naka, Japan). Qualification is now supported by new tests at SPC (Lausanne, Switzerland) using the FALCON test-bed designed to test components and the EU gyrotron prototype for the EC system of ITER. These high-power tests, performed on the first CW prototype load (provided with 16 + 16 cooling channels in parallel) and shown in this paper, highlighted the need to improve the mechanical, vacuum and hydraulic design to reach the final goal of 1000s at ∼1 MW. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2019

17. Nuclear Fusion (FUSION): Plasma Heating Systems -Microwave Plasma Heating & Current Drive System

Author

Gantenbein, Gerd, Avramidis, K., Franck, J., Fuchs, M., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Kalaria, P., Kobarg, Th., Lang, R., Leonhardt, W., Marschall, M., Mellein, D., Meier, A., Pagonakis, I., Papenfuß, A., Ruess, S., Ruess, T., Rzesnicki, T., Scherer, Theo A., Schmid, M., Strauss, D., M. Thumm, M., Wadle, S., Weggen, J., Wu, Ch., Zein, A., Kasparek, W., Lechte, C., Munk, R., Plaum, B., Remppel, F., Röhlinger, H., Roth, B., Schlüter, K. H., Wolf, S., Zeitler, A., Berndt, B., Braune, H., Hollmann, F., Jonitz, L., Laqua, H., Marsen, S., Noke, F., Preynas, M., Purps, F., Reintrog, A., Schulz, T., Stange, T., Uhren, P., Weißgerber, M., and Wilde, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2019

18. EURIDICE: A code-package for gyrotron interaction simulations and cavity design

Author

Iatrou C. T., Vomvoridis J. L., Pagonakis I. Gr., and Avramides K. A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We report, for the first time comprehensively, on the present status of the code-package EURIDICE for gyrotron interaction simulations and cavity design, developed at the National Technical University of Athens. The area of application, theoretical models, numerical implementation, and features of the codes are discussed.

Published
2012
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19. Experimental results and recent developments on the EU 2 MW 170 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron for ITER

Author

Thumm M. K., Rzesnicki T., Piosczyk B., Pagonakis I. Gr., Li F., Jin J., Jelonnek J., Illy S., Gantenbein G., Avramides K., Alberti S., Hogge J.-P., Kern S., Tigelis I., and Tran M. Q.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The European Gyrotron Consortium (EGYC) is responsible for developing one set of 170 GHz mm-wave sources, in support of Europe’s contribution to ITER. The original plan of targeting a 2 MW coaxial gyrotron is currently under discussion, in view of essential delays and damages. This paper reports on the latest results and plans with regard to the two 2 MW gyrotron prototypes, the industrial prototype at CRPP’s CW test stand and a modular pre-prototype at KIT. The industrial prototype was delivered to CRPP end of September 2011 and reached an output power of 2 MW at an efficiency of 45 % and with good RF beam pattern, in only four days of short pulse RF test. These results validated all design changes made in reaction to the results of the experiments in 2008. On the fifth experimental day, an internal absorber broke, terminating any further experiment with this tube. In parallel, design and experimental activities at KIT went on, in particular featuring reduced stray radiation down to 4% of the RF power. Next years’ plans for the 2 MW modular pre-prototype foresee a stepwise increase of pulse length.

Published
2012
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20. Recent progress in the development of the European 1 MW, 170 GHz CW gyrotron for ITER

Author

Gantenbein, G., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Avramidis, K., Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Chelis, J., Fanale, F., Legrand, F., Hermann, V., Hogge, J. P., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z. C., Jin, J., Jelonnek, J., Kasparek, W., Latsas, G. P., Lechte, C., Lontano, M., Pagonakis, I. G., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, P., Schlatter, C., Schmid, M., Tigelis, I. G., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Zein, A., and Zisis, A.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

21. Nuclear Fusion (FUSION): Plasma Heating Systems – Microwave Plasma Heating & Current Drive Systems

Author

Avramidis, K., Franck, J., Fuchs, M., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., Kobarg, Th., Lang, R., Leonhardt, W., Losert, M., Mellein, D., Meier, A., Pagonakis, I., Papenfuß, A., Parth, K., Ruess, S., Rzesnicki, T., Scherer, Theo A., Schmid, M., Spiess, W., Strauss, D., Thumm, M., Wadle, S., Weggen, J., Wu, Ch., Zein, A., Zhang, J., Kasparek, W., Lechte, C., Munk, R., Plaum, B., Remppel, F., Röhlinger, H., Roth, B., Schlüter, K. H., Wolf, S., Zeitler, A., Berndt, B., Braune, H., Hollmann, F., Jonitz, L., Laqua, H., Marsen, S., Noke, F., Preynas, M., Purps, F., Reintrog, A., Schulz, T., Stange, T., Uhren, P., Weißgerber, M., and Wilde, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018
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22. Long-pulse high-power 170 GHz absorbing matched load tests and developments

Author

Bin, W., Bruschi, A., Fanale, F., Francesca, M., Lucca, F., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Carannante, G., Cavinato, M., Chelis, I., Dell'Era, F., Gantenbein, Gerd, Goodman, T., Granucci, G., Hogge, J. P., Ikeda, R., Ioannidis, Z., Legrand, F., Mellera, V., Minelli, D., Nardone, A., Pagonakis, I., Rispoli, N., Rzesnicki, T., Sanchez, F., Spinicchia, N., Takahashi, K., Tigelis, I., and Vigano, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

23. EU DEMO EC system preliminary conceptual design

Author

Garavaglia, S. Aiello, G. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K. Bruschi, A. Chelis, I.G. Franck, J. Gantenbein, G. Granucci, G. Grossetti, G. Hizanidis, K. Illy, S. Jelonnek, J. Kalaria, P. Latsas, G. Moro, A. Pagonakis, I. Peponis, D.V. Poli, E. Rispoli, N. Ruess, S. Rzesnicki, T. Scherer, T. Strauss, D. Thumm, M. Tigelis, I. Tsironis, C. Wu, C. Franke, T. Tran, M.Q.

Abstract

The engineering design and R&D of auxiliary heating systems and their sub-systems are a key activities in the frame of the present conceptual design phase for a first of a kind DEMOnstration Fusion Power Plant in order to develop a system capable of achieving and controlling burning plasmas. In the frame of the EU DEMO reference design, the R&D activities consider the injection of about 50 MW of Electron Cyclotron (EC) power to support and assist different plasma phases. As the project is still in the conceptual phase, a range of options for gyrotrons, transmission lines and antennas is under assessment taking into account the guidelines for the integration of the EC system in a nuclear reactor and a maximal achievable reliability and availability of the EC power during operation. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2018

25. Recent experiments with the European 1 MW, 170 GHz industrial CW and modular SP prototype gyrotron for ITER

Author

Ioannidis, Z. C., Rzesnicki, T., Avramidis, K., Gantenbein, Gerd, Illy, Stefan, Jelonnek, John, Jin, J., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Schmid, M., Thumm, Manfred, Zein, A., Hermann, V., Legrand, F., Kasparek, W., Lechte, C., Alberti, S., Genoud, J., Hogge, J. P., Schlatter, C., Tran, M. Q., Chelis, J., Latsas, G. P., Tigelis, I. G., Zisis, A., Bruschi, A., Bin, W., Fanale, F., Albajar, F., Bonicelli, T., and Sanchez, F.

Subjects
Technology, ddc:600
Published
2018

27. European research activities towards a future DEMO gyrotron

Author

Jelonnek, J., Aiello, G., Alberti, S., Avramidis, K., Bertinetti, A., Bruschi, A., Chelis, J., Franke, T., Gantenbein, G., Garavaglia, S., Granucci, G., Grossetti, G., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z. C., Jin, J., Kalaria, P., Latsas, G. P., Laqua, H., Leggieri, A., Legrand, F., Marek, A., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Peponis, D., Savoldi, L., Rzesnicki, T., Ruess, S., Ruess, T., Scherer, T., Schmid, M., Strauss, D., Tigelis, I., Thumm, M., Tran, M. Q., Wilde, F., Wu, C., Zanino, R., Zein, A., and Litvak, A. G.

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Technology, QC1-999, European research, 01 natural sciences, Engineering physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ___, law, Gyrotron, 0103 physical sciences, Systems engineering, ddc:600
Abstract

___

Published
2017

28. European research activities towards a future DEMO gyrotron

Author

Jelonnek, J. Aiello, G. Alberti, S. Avramidis, K. and Bertinetti, A. Bruschi, A. Chelis, J. Franke, T. and Gantenbein, G. Garavaglia, S. Granucci, G. Grossetti, G. and Illy, S. Ioannidis, Z. C. Jin, J. Kalaria, P. Latsas, G. P. Laqua, H. Leggieri, A. Legrand, F. Marek, A. and Pagonakis, I. Gr. Peponis, D. Savoldi, L. Rzesnicki, T. and Ruess, S. Ruess, T. Scherer, T. Schmid, M. Strauss, D. and Tigelis, I. Thumm, M. Tran, M. Q. Wilde, F. Wu, C. and Zanino, R. Zein, A.

Published
2017

29. Recent progress in the ITER EC H&CD system

Author

Henderson, M., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Baruah, U., Bigelow, T., Becket, B., Bertizzolo, R., Bonicelli, T., Bruschi, A., Caughman, J., Chavan, R., Cirant, S., Collazos, A., Darbos, C., DeBaar, M., Denisov, G., Farina, D., Gandini, F., Gassman, T., Goodman, T.P., Heidinger, R., Hogge, J.P., Jean, O., Kajiwara, K., Kasparek, W., Kasugai, A., Kern, S., Kobayashi, N., Landis, J.D., Moro, A., Nazare, C., Oda, J., Pagonakis, I., Platania, P., Plaum, B., Poli, E., Porte, L., Piosczyk, B., Ramponi, G., Rao, S.L., Rasmussen, D., Ronden, D., Saibene, G., Sakamoto, K., Sanchez, F., Scherer, T., Shapiro, M., Sozzi, C., Spaeh, P., Straus, D., Sauter, O., Takahashi, K., Tanga, A., Temkin, R., Thumm, M., Tran, M.Q., Zohm, H., and Zucca, C.

Subjects
ddc:620, Engineering & allied operations
Published
2009

30. REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN PROGRAMME FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GYROTRON FOR ITER

Author

Albajar, F. Bonicelli, T. Saibene, G. Alberti, S. Fasel, D. Goodman, T. Hogge, J-P. Pagonakis, I. Porte, L. and Tran, M. Q. Avramides, K. Vomvoridis, J. Claesen, R. and Santinelli, M. Dumbrajs, O. Gantenbein, G. Kern, S. and Illy, S. Jin, J. Piosczyk, B. Rzesnicki, T. Thumm, M. and Henderson, M. Cirant, S. Latsas, G. Tigelis, I.

Abstract

The EU programme for the development of the gyrotron for ITER, carried out in cooperation between European laboratories and industrial partners, consists of (i) the manufacturing and testing the 2 MW, CW coaxial cavity gyrotron at 170 GHz meeting both technological constraints and ITER specifications. This goal will be conducted in three different steps: 1 s, 60 s and CW; (ii) in parallel, the development and improvement of critical components for the coaxial concept will continue. While the coaxial concept provides substantial advantages in terms of cost and EC power available for the ITER system with respect to the I MW cylindrical cavity gyrotron, the development programme entails additional risks due to both the relatively tight schedule and the developments still required. A fall back option consisting in a more traditional I MW gyrotron is foreseen in case of major difficulties in the development of the 2 MW coaxial cavity gyrotron. This alternative development is expected to benefit from the successful development of the 140 GHz gyrotron for W7-X; (iii) a Test Facility for testing at high power, CW the prototype gyrotrons and other EC H&CD system components has been established at the CRPP, in Lausanne. The tests with the first prototype of coaxial gyrotron are currently progressing. A decision point between the coaxial and cylindrical cavity concept is expected by the end of 2009 when the tests with the first and refurbished prototype will be available.

Published
2009

32. Experimental results and recent developments on the EU 2 MW 170 GHz coaxial cavity gyrotron for ITER.

Author

Kern, S., Hogge, J. -P., Alberti, S., Avramides, K., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Jelonnek, J., Jin, J., F. Li, Pagonakis, I. Gr., Piosczyk, B., Rzesnicki, T., Thumm, M. K., Tigelis, I., and Tran, M. Q.

Subjects
GYROTRONS, FUSION reactors, RADIATION, PROTOTYPES, NUCLEAR reactors
Abstract

The European Gyrotron Consortium (EGYC) is responsible for developing one set of 170 GHz mm-wave sources, in support of Europe's contribution to ITER. The original plan of targeting a 2 MW coaxial gyrotron is currently under discussion, in view of essential delays and damages. This paper reports on the latest results and plans with regard to the two 2 MW gyrotron prototypes, the industrial prototype at CRPP's CW test stand and a modular pre-prototype at KIT. The industrial prototype was delivered to CRPP end of September 2011 and reached an output power of 2 MW at an efficiency of 45 % and with good RF beam pattern, in only four days of short pulse RF test. These results validated all design changes made in reaction to the results of the experiments in 2008. On the fifth experimental day, an internal absorber broke, terminating any further experiment with this tube. In parallel, design and experimental activities at KIT went on, in particular featuring reduced stray radiation down to 4% of the RF power. Next years' plans for the 2 MW modular pre-prototype foresee a stepwise increase of pulse length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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33. Current Status of the KIT Coaxial-Cavity Long-Pulse Gyrotron and its Key Components.

Author

Avramidis, K. A., Gantenbein, G., Ioannidis, Z., Illy, S., Kalaria, P. C., Kobarg, T., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Ruess, T., Rzesnicki, T., Weggen, J., Ruess, S., Thumm, M., and Jelonnek, J.

Subjects
GYROTRONS, RADIO frequency, COOLING systems, MAGNETRONS, ELECTRON beams, BAKING, TEMPERATURE
Abstract

Today's performance requirements for future DEMO gyrotrons are an operating frequency > 200 GHz and an output power of 2 MW. A total gyrotron efficiency of better than 60 % must be achieved. Multi-purpose/multi-frequency operation and frequency step-tunability are required also. It has been shown earlier, that the coaxial-cavity technology is a promising candidate [1] for future fusion power plants. In [1] a world record RF output power at 170 GHz of 2.2 MW has been presented in short-pulse operation (~ few milliseconds). However, it has to be proven that the coaxial-cavity technology can be used in steady-state operation. That shall be achieved by upgrading the existing 2 MW 170 GHz short-pulse prototype with a cooling system and the implementation of advanced Magnetron Injection Guns (MIGs) [3]. Both, the advanced MIGs as well as the longpulse gyrotron will show the way towards a possible solution for DEMO with a significantly higher output power at higher operating frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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34. 2018 Status on KIT Gyrotron Activities.

Author

Avramidis, K., Gantenbein, G., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z. C., Jin, J., Kalaria, P., Marek, A., Pagonakis, I. Gr., Rzesnicki, T., Ruess, T., Schmid, M., Wu, C., Zein, A., Jelonnek, John, Ruess, S., Thumm, M., Wilde, F., Aiello, G., Grossetti, G., and Scherer, T.

Subjects
ELECTRON cyclotron resonance heating, GYROTRONS, CURRENT-drive heating, NUCLEAR fusion, MILLIMETER waves, SUBMILLIMETER waves
Published
2018
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35. Recent Trends in Fusion Gyrotron Development at KIT

Author

Gantenbein, G., Avramidis, K., Franck, J., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z. C., Jin, J., Jelonnek, J., Kalaria, P., Pagonakis, I. G., Ruess, S., Rzesnicki, T., Thumm, M., and Wu, C.

Subjects
7. Clean energy

37. Critical Issues Associated with the ITER ECH System

Author

Henderson, M.A., Saibene, G., Albajar, F., Alberti, S., Bonicelli, T., Chavan, R., De.Baar, M., Farina, D., Fasel, D., Heidinger, R., Pagonakis, I., Piosczyk, B., Ramponi, G., Sauter, O., Thumm, M., and Zucca, C.

38. Recent Trends in Fusion Gyrotron Development at KIT

Author

Gantenbein, G., Avramidis, K., Franck, J., Illy, S., Ioannidis, Z. C., Jin, J., Jelonnek, J., Kalaria, P., Pagonakis, I. G., Ruess, S., Rzesnicki, T., Thumm, M., and Wu, C.

Subjects
7. Clean energy

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