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High coercivity but low unblocking (LB) temperature components (∼80–100°C) demonstrate that goethite is the principal carrier of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in Jurassic and Cretaceous limestone from the Jaisalmer basin (Rajasthan, NW India). Goethite-bearing components (declination= 359.9°, inclinationsites) plot close to the present day field direction. High unblocking (HB) components (declination= 172.0°, inclinationsites) are carried by haematite, mostly with reverse polarity directions, but undoubtedly not primary. This remagnetization event, mostly within a period of reverse magnetic polarity, occurred after 35 Ma and before 780 000 yr (the last known reversal). Only palaeomagnetic data from a single Cretaceous site (declination= 302.0°, inclinationsamples) has potentially preserved a primary magnetization (carried by normal polarity magnetite); if correct, this site substantiates a mid-southerly palaeolatitude for India during mid-Aptian times (∼117 Ma). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article about the impact of climate change on the Himalayan region's water, biodiversity, and livelihood by J. Xu and colleagues in the 2009 issue.

Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs) have piqued the interest of researchers in a wide range of domains. The striking framework of the FFS is keen to provide the larger preference domain for the modeling of ambiguous information deploying the degrees of membership and nonmembership. Furthermore, FFSs prevail over the theories of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and Pythagorean fuzzy sets owing to their broader space, adjustable parameter, flexible structure, and influential design. The information measures, being a significant part of the literature, are crucial and beneficial tools that are widely applied in decision-making, data mining, medical diagnosis, and pattern recognition. This paper aims to expand the literature on FFSs by proposing many innovative Fermatean fuzzy sets-based information measures, namely, distance measure, similarity measure, entropy measure, and inclusion measure. We investigate the relationship between distance, similarity, entropy, and inclusion measures for FFSs. Another achievement of this research is to establish a systematic transformation of information measures (distance measure, similarity measure, entropy measure, and inclusion measure) for the FFSs. To accomplish this aim, new formulae for information measures of FFSs have been presented. To demonstrate the validity of the measures, we employ them in pattern recognition, building materials, and medical diagnosis. Additionally, a comparison between traditional and novel similarity measures is described in terms of counter-intuitive cases. The findings demonstrate that the innovative information measures do not include any absurd cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved higher-order zigzag plate theory in a random environment is proposed and it is implemented in a stochastic finite element framework to study the buckling characteristic of sandwich plates with random material properties. The theory satisfies transverse shear stress continuity at all of the layer interfaces and the transverse shear-stress-free condition at the top and bottom surfaces. It also includes the effect of transverse deformability to the core. The through-thickness variation of in-plane displacements is assumed to be cubic, whereas transverse displacement varies quadratically within the core and it remains constant over the face sheets. Note that sandwich and composite structures are characterized by inherent uncertainties in their material properties. The effect of these uncertainties on the buckling characteristic of sandwich plates is studied by modeling the macromechanical material properties as basic random variables. Astochastic finite element method consisting of an efficient C0 finite element in conjunction with a mean-centered first-order perturbation approach is developed, and the model is employed to evaluate the second-order statistics of the buckling loads. The published results are used to validate the deterministic part of the proposed approach, and its stochastic component is validated with an independent Monte Carlo simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the Dasheen mosaic virus in elephant foot yam in India. Production of edible corm from Amorphophallus paeonifolius; Mosaic symptoms of the elephant foot yams; Use of immunosorbent electron microscopy in identifying the potyvirus.

Phenol formaldehyde (phenolic resin) has a wide range of moldings. However, it has immense consumption in manufacturing electrical equipment due to its insulating property. Phenolic resin retains properties at the freezing point, and also its age cannot be determined. Due to its insulator property, it has wide use in electrical equipment. In this article, degree-based topological indices of phenol formaldehyde are determined with the help of M-polynomial. We calculate the Zagreb index, Randić index, K-Banhatti indices, modified K-Banhatti indices, atom-bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, symmetric index, inverse sum index, and harmonic index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we introduced a novel scheme to attain approximate and closed-form solutions of conformable Newell-Whitehead-Segel (NWS) equations, which belong to the most consequential amplitude equations in physics. The conformable Shehu transform (CST) and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) are combined in the proposed method. We call it the conformable Shehu decomposition method (CSDM). To assess the efficiency and consistency of the recommended method, we demonstrate 2D and 3D graphs as well as numerical simulations of the derived solutions. As a result, CSDM demonstrates that it is a useful and simple mathematical tool for getting approximate and exact analytical solutions to linear-nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (PDEs) of the given kind. The convergence and absolute error analysis of the series solutions is also offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment comprising of twenty four diverse Faba bean genotypes were evaluated for genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis for pod yield and its contributing traits. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were highest for pod yield per plant (PCV= 55.87% and GCV= 53.90%). Pod yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with plant height, number of primary branches, pod length, pod width, pod weight and number of pods per plant at genotypic level. Number of pods per plant showed the highest positive direct effect (0.845) on pod yield per plant. Days to fifty per cent flowering, days to first pod picking, plant height, number of primary branches, pod width and number of pods per plant appeared as most important characters and could be considered during selection in Faba bean breeding programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]