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This study systematically investigated the effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the microstructure, mechanical, corrosion, nano-tribological properties and biocompatibility of a newly developed β Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr (hereafter denoted TNZ) alloy. Results indicated that ECAP of the β TNZ alloy refined its microstructure by forming ultrafine grains without causing stress-induced phase transformation, leading to formation of a single β phase. The ECAP-processed TNZ alloy exhibited a compressive yield strength of 960 MPa, and high plastic deformation capacity without fracturing under compression loads. Potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed the higher tendency of ECAP-processed TNZ alloys to form passive oxide films on its surface, which exhibited a lower corrosion rate (0.44±0.07 µm/y) in Hanks' balanced salt solution compared to its as-cast counterpart (0.71±0.10 µm/y). Nanotribological testing also revealed higher resistance of the ECAP-processed TNZ alloy to abrasion, wear and scratching, when compared to its as-cast counterpart. Cytocompatibility and cell adhesion assessments of the ECAP-processed TNZ alloys showed a high viability (111%) of human osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells after 7 d of culturing. Moreover, the ECAP-processed TNZ alloy promoted adhesion and spreading of SaOS2 cells, which exhibited growth and proliferation on alloy surfaces. In summary, significantly enhanced mechanical, corrosion, and biological properties of ECAP-processed TNZ alloy advocate its suitability for load-bearing implant applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) provides a unique combination of enhanced mechanical and functional properties of materials by optimizing their microstructures and phase transformations. This study investigated the mechanical, nano-tribological, corrosion, and biocompatibility properties of a newly developed β Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr (TNZ) alloy processed via ECAP. Our findings indicated that ECAP of the β TNZ alloy refined its microstructure by forming ultrafine grains without causing stress-induced phase transformation. Compared to its as-cast counterpart, ECAP-processed TNZ exhibited significantly enhanced compressive yield strength, plastic deformation capacity, hardness, wear, and corrosion properties. Moreover, in vitro cytocompatibility and cell adhesion studies revealed high cellular viabilities, growth and proliferation of osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells on the ECAP-processed TNZ alloy.

The ills of modeling variables substantively involved in a causal process as “controls” have been discussed extensively by social scientists who do not study media. Until recently, Slater was one of the few communication scientists to suggest that media effects scholars engage in overcontrol. Bushman and Anderson have now echoed this concern in the context of a broader treatise on research trends in the media violence literature. The present study responded to Wright’s recent discussion of control variable usage in the pornography literature. Specifically, using a national probability sample of approximately 1,900 U.S. adults, the present study assessed whether multiple demographic variables routinely modeled as controls in the pornography effects literature may be better conceptualized as initiating predictors. Results were inconsistent with the confounding approach but consistent with the hypothesis that individual differences predict cognitive response states that increase or decrease the likelihood of media effects.

Supplementary figure S1: Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier estimates) with Breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) as end point for All patients of Cohort 1. Supplementary figure S2: Flowchart showing simplified results from Cohort 1. Supplementary figure S3: Additional prognostic value of gene expression signatures beyond Ki67/IHC, Cohort 1. Supplementary figure S4: Additional prognostic value of Ki67/IHC beyond gene expression signatures, Cohort 1. Supplementary figure S5: Additional prognostic value of gene expression signatures beyond Ki67/IHC, Cohort 2. Supplementary figure S6: Additional prognostic value of Ki67/IHC beyond gene expression signatures, Cohort 2.

All supplementary materials and methods

Supplementary table S1. Cell cycle genes Supplementary table S2. Cross-table of concordance between Ki67 immunohistochemical staining and gene expression signature classifications in Cohorts 1 and 2 Supplementary table S3. Clinico-pathological characteristics of patient subgroups in cohort 1 Supplementary table S4. Change in C-index when adding gene expression signatures to Ki67/IHC for All, ER+/LN-, ER+/LN-, ER- patients in Cohorts 1 and 2. Supplementary Table S5. Clinico-pathological characteristics of patient subgroups in cohort 2

Purpose: Gene signatures and Ki67 stratify the same breast tumor into opposing good/poor prognosis groups in approximately 20% of patients. Given this discrepancy, we hypothesized that the combination of a clinically relevant signature and IHC markers may provide more prognostic information than either classifier alone.Experimental Design: We assessed Ki67 alone or combined with ER, PR and HER2 (forming IHC subtypes), and the research versions of the Genomic Grade Index, 70-gene, cell-cycle score, recurrence score (RS), and PAM50 signatures on matching TMA/whole tumor sections and microarray data in two Swedish breast cancer cohorts of 379 and 209 patients, with median follow-up of 12.4 and 12.5 years, respectively. First, we fit Cox proportional hazards models and used the change in likelihood ratio (Δ LR) to determine the additional prognostic information provided by signatures beyond that of (i) Ki67 and (ii) IHC subtypes. Second and uniquely, we then assessed whether signatures could compete well with pathology-based IHC classifiers by calculating the additional prognostic information of Ki67/IHC subtypes beyond signatures.Results: In cohort 1, only RS and PAM50 provided additional prognostic information beyond Ki67 and IHC subtypes (Δ LR-χ2 Ki67: RS = 12.8, PAM50 = 20.7, IHC subtypes: RS = 12.9, PAM50 = 11.7). Conversely, IHC subtypes added prognostic information beyond all signatures except PAM50. Similar results were observed in cohort 2.Conclusions: RS and PAM50 provided more prognostic information than the IHC subtypes in all breast cancer patients; however, the IHC subtypes did not add any prognostic information to PAM50. Clin Cancer Res; 23(24); 7512–20. ©2017 AACR.

Q.J. acknowledges funding from the CSC scheme from the Chinese Government (201908140117). Mixed-linker zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with the sodalite ( sod ) topology type and based on ZIF-7 have been prepared by direct synthesis from the mixtures of benzimidazole (BzIm) and 4,5-dichloroimidazole (dcIm). Incorporation of dcIm into the ZIF-7 structure gives ZIF-7/COK-17 hybrids with rhombohedral symmetry that do not show the “open-to-closed form” structural transition upon solvent removal exhibited by ZIF-7. They show Type I isotherms for low molecular weight gases and high affinity for CO2 even at low partial pressures. Synthesis under mild conditions gives ZIF nanoparticles (250–400 nm) suitable for incorporation into mixed matrix membranes (MMMs): these were prepared with both glassy (Matrimid) and rubbery (PEBAX 1657) polymers. Permeation tests at 298 K and 1.2 bar reveal that the incorporation of Zn(BzIm0.55dcIm0.45)2 nanoparticles at up to ca. 12 wt % gives defect-free membranes with enhanced CO2 permeability in both polymer matrices, with retention of selectivity (Matrimid) or with an enhancement in selectivity that is most pronounced for the smaller nanoparticles (PEBAX). The membrane with the best performance exhibits a selectivity of ca. 200 for CO2/N2 (a 4-fold increase compared to the pure polymer) and a CO2 permeability of 64 Barrer. At the relatively low loadings investigated, the MMMs’ performance obeys the Maxwell model, and the intrinsic property of diffusivity of the ZIFs can be extracted as a result. Publisher PDF

The flexibility of the zeolite Rho framework offers great potential for tunable molecular sieving. The fully copper‐exchanged form of Rho and mixed Cu,H‐ and Cu,Na‐forms have been prepared. EPR spectroscopy reveals that Cu2+ ions are present in the dehydrated forms and Rietveld refinement shows these prefer S6R sites, away from the d8r windows that control diffusion. Fully exchanged Cu‐Rho remains in an open form upon dehydration, the d8r windows remain nearly circular and the occupancy of window sites is low, so that it adsorbs CO2 rapidly at room temperature. Breakthrough tests with 10 % CO2/40 % CH4 mixtures show that Cu4.9‐Rho is able to produce pure methane, albeit with a relatively low capacity at this pCO2 due to the weak interaction of CO2 with Cu cations. This is in strong contrast to Na‐Rho, where cations in narrow elliptical window sites enable CO2 to be adsorbed with high selectivity and uptake but too slowly to enable the production of pure methane in similar breakthrough experiments. A series of Cu,Na‐Rho materials was prepared to improve uptake and selectivity compared to Cu‐Rho, and kinetics compared to Na‐Rho. Remarkably, Cu,Na‐Rho with >2 Cu cations per unit cell exhibited exsolution, due to the preference of Na cations for narrow S8R sites in distorted Rho and of Cu cations for S6R sites in the centric, open form of Rho. The exsolved Cu,Na‐Rho showed improved performance in CO2/CH4 breakthrough tests, producing pure CH4 with improved uptake and CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to that of Cu4.9‐Rho., Copper cations favour 6‐membered ring (6R) sites in dehydrated zeolite Rho, away from 8R windows that allow adsorption into lta cages. Exchange of Cu cations into Na‐Rho, in which Na cations occupy 8R gating sites between the lta cages, improves CO2 uptake kinetics, while retaining some Na cations enhances CO2/CH4 selectivity. Upon dehydration, Cu,Na‐Rho shows exsolution behaviour, because its framework can adopt distorted and undistorted forms that provide favourable coordination sites for Na and Cu cations, respectively.

Guest-mediated pore-shape modification of the metal-organic framework, Sc2BDC3 (where BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), upon adsorption of n-pentane and isopentane is examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction at moderate pressures (50 – 1200 bar) using a newly developed sapphire capillary cell, which allows detailed crystallographic data to be obtained using a variety of liquids on flexible systems. For Sc2BDC3, rotation of the BDC linker that is responsible for the change in pore shape occurs at much lower pressures than previously reported, with distinct adsorption behaviour found between the pentane isomers.

Funding: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant Number(s): EP/S016201/1, Grant recipient(s): Paul A. Wright, Magdalena M. Lozinska; EP/L017008/1, EP/T019298/1, EP/R023751/1). Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant Number(s): EP/S016147/1; Grant recipient(s): James Mattock, Paul A. Cox). Royal Society (Grant Number(s): INF\R2\192052; Grant recipient(s): Paul A. Wright). High silica zeolite ZK-5 (framework Si/Al=4.8) has been prepared by interzeolite conversion from ultrastable zeolite Y via a co-templating route using alkali metal cations and nitrate anions but without organic structure directing agents. The mechanism, which involves zeolite framework – alkali metal cation – nitrate anion ordering, has been established by a combination of chemical and thermal analyses, Raman spectroscopy, computational modelling, and X-ray powder diffraction. Ammonium exchange gives ZK-5 with occluded ammonium nitrate and subsequent heating gives microporous zeolite ZK-5. Publisher PDF

This study examined a well-established, boxing-based positive youth development program for boys in New Zealand. The authors were cognizant of calls for investigation into what occurs within the ‘b...

This review summarizes published findings of the beneficial and harmful effects on the heart, lungs, immune system, kidney, liver, and central nervous system of 47 drugs that have been proposed to treat COVID-19. Many of the repurposed drugs were chosen for their benefits to the pulmonary system, as well as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. However, these drugs have mixed effects on the heart, liver, kidney, and central nervous system. Drug treatments are critical in the fight against COVID-19, along with vaccines and public health protocols. Drug treatments are particularly needed as variants of the SARS-Cov-2 virus emerge with some mutations that could diminish the efficacy of the vaccines. Patients with comorbidities are more likely to require hospitalization and greater interventions. The combination of treating severe COVID-19 symptoms in the presence of comorbidities underscores the importance of understanding the effects of potential COVID-19 treatments on other organs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42399-021-00874-8.

Research finding that pornography use is associated with lower sexual satisfaction is common; evaluation of the mechanisms hypothesized as underlying the association is not. Informed by multiple theoretical perspectives, the present study tested a conceptual model positing that (a) regularly consuming pornography conditions the user’s arousal template to be particularly responsive to pornographic depictions, (b) this amplified arousal to pornography increases both (c) upward comparisons between one’s own sex life and sex as it is represented in pornography and (d) a preference for masturbation to pornography over partnered sex, which in turn (e) weaken perceptions of how satisfying it is to have sex with one’s partner, and ultimately (f) decreases perceptions of how satisfying one’s relationship is with one’s partner. Path-analytic results were supportive of the hypothesized linkages for both men and women. Discussion focuses on the implications of the present study’s findings for current debates in the literature and theoretical development.

Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels carry background (or leak) potassium current and play a key role in regulating resting membrane potential and cellular excitability. Accumulating evidence points to a role for K2Ps in human pathophysiologies, most notably in pain and migraine, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. However, there remains a lack of selective pharmacological tools. The aim of this work was to apply a “target class” approach to investigate the K2P superfamily and identify novel activators across all the described subclasses of K2P channels. Target class drug discovery allows for the leveraging of accumulated knowledge and maximizing synergies across a family of targets and serves as an additional approach to standard target-based screening. A common assay platform using baculovirus (BacMam) to transiently express K2P channels in mammalian cells and a thallium flux assay to determine channel activity was developed, allowing the simultaneous screening of multiple targets. Importantly, this system, by allowing precise titration of channel function, allows optimization to facilitate the identification of activators. A representative set of channels (THIK-1, TWIK-1, TREK-2, TASK-3, and TASK-2) were screened against a library of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds and the LifeArc Index Set. Activators were then analyzed in concentration–response format across all channels to assess selectivity. Using the target class approach to investigate the K2P channels has enabled us to determine which of the K2Ps are amenable to small-molecule activation, de-risk multiple channels from a technical point of view, and identify a diverse range of previously undescribed pharmacology.

This article presents a comparison of measurement methods for current and voltage distortions in low-voltage networks in the frequency range from 2 to 150 kHz (supraharmonics). The comparison encompasses the methods informatively described in IEC and CISPR international standards, as well as other innovative techniques presented in the literature. This work is carried out within a novel framework that includes advanced and complex synthetic test signals, as well as real grid recordings that allow an accurate comparison of the performance of the tested methods. Specifically designed indices are employed to characterize the accuracy of the tested methods in the frequency and amplitude assessments. In light of that, the strengths and weaknesses of the methods are identified. The results of this article contribute to the ongoing standardization work carried out by the IEC SC77A/WG9 with the purpose of defining a normative measurement method suitable for assessing grid disturbance levels in the range from 2 to 150 kHz.

A description is given of a new 2- to 150-kHz range frequency decomposition method, as required to support power grid compatibility level measurements. This real-time digital method is based on a tree structure of nominally identical modular algorithmic elements to provide a decomposition of the signal bandwidth resulting in a 200-Hz resolution. Each modular element divides the bandwidth of its input into a low-frequency and a high-frequency half. Elements connected in the tree result in a progressive increase in resolution at each level of the tree, hence multiresolution analysis. The modular element is based on heterodyning and down-sampling. Simplifications of the modular elements that result in an efficient process of changing the sign of alternate input samples, digital filtering, and discarding alternate samples at the output are presented. It is shown that these cloned modular elements form a computationally efficient algorithm that can operate in real-time. Refinements to cover gaps in the bandwidth which cause errors are explained. The algorithm is compatible with the traditional CISPR 16 analog heterodyne method. Test results are presented which show that the method achieves accuracies of ±5% of reading, as required for compatibility level measurements.

IBM and PAW would like to thank the EPSRC and CRITICAT Centre for Doctoral Training for Financial Support (PhD studentship to IBM EP/I017008/1), and supplementary equipment grant EP/L016419/1]. The UK Catalysis Hub is thanked for resources and support provided via membership of the UK Catalysis Hub Consortium and funded by EPSRC (grants EP/I038748/1, EP/I019693/1, EP/K014706/1, EP/K014668/1, EP/K014854/1, EP/K014714/1 and EP/M013219/1). Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometric analysis of desorbed products has been used to investigate the initial stages of the methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction in single crystals of SAPO-34. Surface methoxy groups (SMS) are key to initial dimethylether (DME) and subsequent carbon–carbon bond formation. Deprotonation of SMS is the critical first step in direct olefin formation at low temperatures and DME is not involved in the carbon–carbon forming step. Experiments with CD3OH confirm the deprotonation step and show an inverse kinetic isotope effect consistent with irreversible deprotonation. The subsequent formation of alkoxide species, which are the precursors of the olefinic hydrocarbon pool present in working MTO catalysts, is initiated via insertion of surface carbene-like species into adjacent SMS. The observed induction period for this process is determined by the limited mobility of SMS and/or carbene species. Olefins formed from cracking of the alkoxide species then transmit carbon–carbon bond formation through the SAPO-34 by rapid diffusion and reaction with further SMS. Acetyl species seen with methanol at higher temperatures support the insertion of CO into SMS suggested in the literature, but these species do not play a role in direct olefin formation. Postprint Postprint

Based on user expectations and requirements, this article discusses three use cases (UCs) for measurements of power system frequency and rate-of-change-of-frequency (ROCOF) measurements, specifying accuracy and latency requirement for each UC. Furthermore, a set of realistic test conditions are proposed, extending those of the present IEC/IEEE 60255-118-1 standard, to ensure ROCOF measuring instruments are adequately tested on their suitability for reliable ROCOF measurements in power systems. Target worst case ROCOF errors (RFEs) are given for each test waveform and UC. Several published ROCOF algorithms are tested using the proposed test conditions. A selection of the test results is reported and compared against the target RFEs. The results show that the defined tests are indeed helpful in evaluating the ROCOF algorithms, and furthermore that the algorithms can be designed to meet all the requirements on RFEs for the tests proposed in this article.

This paper presents meta-analytic findings on the association between pornography consumption and condomless sex. Results were based on 45 reports spanning two decades. Data from 18 countries, with a participant total of over 35,000, were located. Higher levels of pornography consumption were associated with an elevated likelihood of engaging in condomless sex. A model-based meta-analysis did not support the viewpoint that the pornography use–condomless sex association is spurious and confounded by sensation seeking. Instead, a path analysis suggested that pornography use energizes consumers' sensation seeking desires, in turn making them more likely to engage in condomless sex. Although the results indicated homogeneity of effect sizes across most contexts tested, the type of pornography content consumed moderated the pornography use–condomless sex relationship. Viewing pornography that does not show condoms was associated with an increased risk for having sex without condoms, whereas consuming pornography showing condoms was unrelated to sexual risk.

Social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies such as self-awareness and relationship skills are predictors of academic success, overall well-being, and avoidance of problematic behaviors. Among school-aged children, research has demonstrated that well-implemented programs teach SEL competencies and life skills (e.g., leadership, responsible decision making) that can transfer to other settings. Similar claims have been made in the field of sport-based youth development (SBYD), however, the SEL framework has not been widely applied in sport programming. Implementation, student learning, and transfer of learning in SBYD programs designed to promote SEL require further exploration. Therefore, the current study examined the implementation and perceived benefits of an after-school soccer program designed to promote SEL. Participants were six coaches and 51 students from three different sites where this program is offered. A multiple case study design was used, integrating data from customized feedback surveys, interviews, systematic observation, and field notes. Results indicated the program reflects many SBYD best practices. Although implementation varied between sites, program culture and core values were consistent. Evidence indicated students learned and applied SEL lessons in the soccer program and that transfer beyond the program was promoted. Participants were most likely to report transfer to the school setting, therefore, future studies should examine this topic more directly. Other implications for research and program implementation are discussed.

Childhood obesity remains one of the defining challenges of our time, with government response around the world being largely ineffective. This has been particularly the case in the USA, which continues to suffer high rates of childhood obesity despite numerous legislative interventions to combat it. In order to develop insight into this ongoing catastrophic change failure, we engaged in a three-year qualitative study of the implementation of policies in the USA designed to reduce childhood obesity through school-based interventions. We found that leaders in schools, as in many organizations, were faced with numerous, often conflicting, pressures from federal, state, and local community stakeholders. The resultant ambivalence led to change failure being reframed as success to in order to fit with locally expressed priorities. In bringing light to an understudied aspect of change implementation, local community pressure, we further theoretical understanding of why large change interventions often fail. We also offer insights more generally into the (re)framing of change and the influence of local communities on organizations. Policy and managerial implications are also discussed.

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are considered promising biodegradable implant materials because of their strength and natural degradation in the human body. However, the high corrosion rate of pure Mg in the physiological environment leads to rapid degradation before adequate bone healing. This mismatch between bone healing and the degradation of Mg implants supports the development of new Mg alloys with the addition of other suitable alloying elements in order to achieve simultaneously high corrosion resistance and desirable mechanical properties. This study systematically investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of Mg-based alloys with the addition of different concentrations of scandium (Sc), i.e., Mg-0.6Zr-0.5Sr-xSc (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3 wt.%). Results indicated that high concentration of Sc in strontium (Sr)-containing Mg alloys can alter their microstructures by suppressing the intermetallic phases along the grain boundaries and improve the corrosion resistance by forming chemically stable Sc oxide layers on the surfaces of the Mg alloys. Cytotoxicity assessment revealed that the Sc containing Mg alloys did not significantly alter the viability of human osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells. This study highlights the advantages of using Sc as an alloying element to simultaneously tune Mg alloys with higher strength and slower degradation. Statement of significance Rare earth elements such as scandium (Sc) with both a high solid-solubility and strong affinity towards oxygen can improve the mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesium (Mg) alloys. However, the feasibility of Sc-containing Mg alloys as biodegradable implant materials is scarcely reported. This study investigates the effects of different Sc concentrations on the mechanical, corrosion, and biocompatibility properties of Mg-Zr-Sr-Sc alloys. Our findings indicated that the addition of Sc significantly improves the mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-Zr-Sr alloys. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of the Mg-Zr-Sr-Sc alloys did not show any adverse effects on the viability of osteoblast-like cells.

Funding: Authors thank EPRSC and BP for a CASE Award for SMP (EP/N50936X/1). We would like to thank the ERC (EU FP7 Consolidator Grant 614290 “EXONMR”). SEA would like to thank the Royal Society and the Wolfson Foundation for a merit award. A new approach for room-temperature 17O enrichment of zeolites reveals a surprisingly dynamic and labile framework, where rapid and reversible bond breaking takes place. 17O NMR spectroscopy shows that although O sites in both framework Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si linkages are enriched simply on exposure to H217O(l), the enrichment of Si-O-Al species is more rapid, with a more uniform framework enrichment observed at longer durations. We demonstrate that this unexpected enrichment can be observed for two different framework topologies and for Na-exchanged (i.e., non-acidic) zeolites, as well as their protonic forms, confirming that the Brønsted acid proton is not necessary for isotopic exchange into the framework. This work not only offers new opportunities for structural characterization of these chemically and industrially important materials using NMR spectroscopy, but suggests that further investigation of the rate and position of enrichment in zeolite frameworks could provide new insight into their chemical reactivity and their stability in aqueous-based applications such as ion exchange and catalysis. Postprint Postprint

This study examines associations between adolescents’ exposure to two television genres that convey contradictory sexual messages and the expectation of sexual perfectionism over a period of 15 years (N = 161). All respondents were in a romantic relationship in the final wave of this longitudinal study. Sitcom viewing during adolescence was related to more sexual perfectionism in adulthood, whereas youth drama viewing predicted less sexual perfectionism over the same period of more than a decade. These associations were not moderated by their motivation to learn about dating from television. Adolescents’ sitcom viewing was indirectly related to lower levels of sexual and relational satisfaction in young adulthood, whereas youth drama viewing indirectly predicted more satisfaction through the association with sexual perfectionism. ispartof: Communication Monographs vol:87 issue:2 pages:1-21 status: Published online

TREK2 (KCNK10, K2P10.1) is a two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel and a potential target for the treatment of pain. Like the majority of the K2P superfamily, there is currently a lack of useful pharmacological tools to study TREK2. Here we present a strategy for identifying novel TREK2 activators. A cell-based thallium flux assay was developed and used to screen a library of drug-like molecules, from which we identified the CysLT1 antagonist Pranlukast as a novel activator of TREK2. This compound was selective for TREK2 versus TREK1 and showed no activity at TRAAK. Pranlukast was also screened against other members of the K2P superfamily. Several close analogues of Pranlukast and other CysLT1 antagonists were also tested for their ability to activate K2P channels. Consistent with previous work, structure activity relationships showed that subtle structural changes to these analogues completely attenuated the activation of TREK2, whereas for TREK1, analogues moved from activators to inhibitors. Pranlukast's activity was also confirmed using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology. Studies using mutant forms of TREK2 suggest Pranlukast does not bind in the K2P modulator pocket or the BL-1249 binding site. Pranlukast therefore represents a novel tool by which to study the mechanism of TREK2 activation.

Purpose: The purpose this investigation was to explore the learning experiences of two teachers from different secondary schools in Scotland as they engaged in their respective action research projects to learn to apply teaching personal and social responsibility in physical education.Method: Both teachers worked within a small community of practice and used qualitative methods to gather data to inform their inquiry. The teachers shared their findings with their coauthors and engaged in further, more focused analyses to explore and understand their learning experiences and the learning experiences of their pupils.Results: Both teachers found that their learning in context was much slower and more challenging than first expected. Over time, both teachers learned to set “new” learning objectives, applied “new” teaching strategies, talked more to their pupils, and reflected with others to evaluate their learning.Discussion/Conclusion: When teachers are committed to their own learning and when the subject of their learning aligns with their core values, professional needs, and the needs of their pupils, then pedagogical change is possible.

Purpose: Research indicates that physical education can be an effective setting for promoting positive values, attitudes, and behaviors that transfer to other settings. However, there is a lack of instrumentation to assess the cognitive and motivational aspects of the transfer process. Therefore, this study proposed and validated the Transfer of Responsibility Questionnaire (ToRQ).Methods: After instrument development and pilot testing, an initial version of the ToRQ was completed by 442 adolescents. Data analysis began with exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The exploratory factor analysis yielded a stable three-factor structure that measured the participants’ cognitive and motivational processes related to transfer. This factor structure was affirmed using confirmatory factor analysis, which also examined convergent and discriminant validity.Discussion/Conclusion: The model was a good fit for the data, and the ToRQ correlated positively with related scales from an existing life skill transfer survey. These analyses support the initial validation of the ToRQ.

The authors thank the EPSRC for funding (Cation-controlled gating for selective gas adsorption over adaptable zeolites: EP/N032942/1, V.M.G., P.A.W.; EP/N033329/1, M.C.V. and S.B.; an NPIF Ph.D. scholarship for E.L.B.: EP/R512199/1). Small pore zeolites that show framework flexibility, such as merlinoite (topology type MER), possess high potential for the selective adsorption of small gas molecules including CO2. The CO2 adsorption properties of Na-, K- and Cs-exchanged forms of a merlinoite zeolite with Si/Al = 4.2 have been measured at 298 K and in situ PXRD used to follow their structural response to dehydration and CO2 uptake. The Na- and Cs- forms convert from a wide-pore to a narrow-pore form upon dehydration, while the K-form remains in the wide-pore form. The Na- and Cs-forms exhibit stepped CO2 adsorption isotherms, consistent with breathing behaviour and expansion from narrow- to wide-pore phases, whilst K6.2-MER remains in the wide-pore structure throughout. Synchrotron PXRD of the K- and Cs-forms reveals the effects of CO2 adsorption on the cation site distributions and the framework configuration. All cation forms of MER (4.2) show enhanced adsorption kinetics for Ar compared to those with lower Si/Al and the wide-pore structure of K6.2-MER (4.2) shows particularly rapid sorption for both Ar and CO2. Breakthrough curves over K6.2-MER(4.2) demonstrate good separation of CO2 from CH4 in flowing CO2/CH4 mixtures, even in pelletised form with an alumina binder. Postprint Postprint

The authors would like to correct a typographical error in their recently published paper [...]

A review of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (BSHI) Guideline 'HLA matching and donor selection for haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation' published in 2016 was undertaken by a BSHI appointed writing committee. Literature searches were performed and the data extracted were presented as recommendations according to the GRADE nomenclature.

Don Hellison (1938–2018) was a leader and trailblazer in sport and physical education pedagogy. Early in his career, he was an advocate for humanistic physical education. His engaged approach to scholarship culminated in the development of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model, which is now recognized as a best practice for promoting social and emotional learning in physical education. The TPSR model has also been widely applied in the field of sport-based youth development. This is the introduction to the special issue devoted to Don’s life and legacy. It provides opening comments from the guest editors and a brief overview of the articles in the special issue.

The authors thank the EPSRC for funding (‘Cation-controlled gating for selective gas adsorption over adaptable zeolites’: EP/N032942/1, VMG, PAW; EP/N033329/1, MV and SB; an NPIF PhD scholarship for ELB, EP/R512199/1). Professor Tina Düren (Bath University) and Drs. Carole Morrison and Claire Hobday (Edinburgh University) are thanked for their helpful suggestions. Dr. Paul A. Connor, Dr. Yuri Andreev and Dr. Daniel Dawson (St. Andrews University) are thanked for assistance with in situ PXRD measurements (PAC, YA) and NMR (DMD). All data accompanying this publication are directly available at https://doi.org/10.17630/594363b9-966c-4c53-89e1-7610be33eba5. Zeolites with flexible structures that adapt to coordinate extraframework cations when dehydrated show a rich variety of gas adsorption behavior, and can be tuned to optimize kinetics and selectivity. Merlinoite zeolite (topology type MER) with Si/Al = 3.8 has been prepared in Na, K and Cs forms and its structural response to dehydration measured: the unit cell volumes decrease by 9.8%, 7.7% and 7.1% for Na-, K-, and Cs-MER, respectively. Na-MER adopts Immm symmetry, while K- and Cs-MER display P42/nmc symmetry, the difference attributed to the preferred locations of the smaller and larger cations. Their performance in CO2 adsorption has been measured by single component isotherms and by mixed gas (CO2/CH4/He) breakthrough experiments. The differing behavior of the cation forms can be related to structural changes during CO2 uptake measured by variable-pressure PXRD. All show a "breathing" transition from narrow to wide pore forms. Na- and Cs-MER show non-Type I isotherms and kinetically-limited CO2 adsorption and delivery of pure CH4 in CO2/CH4 separation. However, K-MER shows good uptake of CO2 (3.5 mmol g-1 at 1 bar and 298 K), rapid adsorption and desorption kinetics, and promising CO2/CH4 separation. Furthermore, the narrow-to-wide pore transition occurs rapidly and at very low pCO2, via a "triggered" opening. This has the consequence that whereas no CH4 is adsorbed from a pure stream, addition of low levels of CO2 can result in pore opening and uptake of both CO2 and CH4, although in a continuous stream the CH4 is replaced selectively by CO2. This observed cation size-dependent adsorption behavior derives from a fine energetic balance between different framework configurations in these cation-controlled molecular sieves. Postprint Postprint

A description of the importance of rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) measurements to the operation of electricity networks is given. The susceptibility of ROCOF measurements to common power system disturbances such as phase steps is described. A measurement campaign to observe ROCOF at multiple locations in an island grid dominated by renewable generation is described and some results are given. These captured ROCOF events are dominated by those associated with phase steps, which occur without significant change to underlying power system frequency. It is concluded that they constitute a “false” ROCOF event. A new algorithm is presented that attempts to remove the influence of the phase step and reduce the associated ROCOF error such that the reliability of ROCOF measurements can be improved in the presence of phase steps. The algorithm is then applied to some recorded waveform sequences from the island that contains phase steps, and the results are presented. In one example, it is shown that a false ROCOF spike in excess of 100 Hz/s was reduced to less than 5 Hz/s.

Currently, the agri-food sector takes advantage of modern machinery, tools and emerging information and communication technologies (ICTs) that consider the Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. These implementations have given way to a new era of agri-food production called ‘Agri-Food 4.0’, where automation, connectivity, digitalisation, the use of renewable energies and the efficient use of resources are predominant in this sector. In this article, the ‘sensing, smart and sustainable (S3)’ concept is applied to develop new technologies that can respond to current challenges of agri-food industries. Therefore, this work focuses on describing how S3 technologies for the agri-food sector can be developed using a systematic process for new product development (NPD). The main objective of this work is to fill the gap vis-a-vis the current lack of design roadmaps that permit the development of this new generation of products in the context of agri-food 4.0. Finally, this work presents case studies of S3 technologies applied to the agri-food sector: an intelligent greenhouse, a sun tracker trajectory, an hexapod robot for field monitoring and an agricultural drone.

Background: Sport-based youth development (SBYD) programs aim to teach life skills to youth within a physical activity context. An explicit objective of most SBYD programs is that youth learn to ap...

The teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model has been considered a valuable tool for children to reach their full potential in life. However, little research has been conducted with the TPSR model in preschool contexts. The purpose of the present study was to understand the experiences of a program leader while implementing a TPSR-based program within a preschool setting. The participants were 24 children with five years of age attending a school located in the north of Portugal, and the program leader. Data sources included reflexive journaling, field notes and participant observations. Findings suggest the TPSR model could be adapted and implemented with preschool children. However, there is a need to consider specific adaptations to develop TPSR-based interventions and facilitate responsibility outcomes. This study provided a novel understanding of how TPSR may be implemented in a preschool context to foster social and emotional learning and enhance school readiness.

Research indicates physical education can foster personal and social development. However, few studies have examined teacher beliefs about delivering this aspect of the curriculum. To move research and practice forward, it is important to understand educators’ selfefficacy beliefs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between physical education teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching personal and social development, and other aspects of teachers’ self-efficacy. Participants were 116 (73 women, 43 men) practicing, licensed physical education teachers who completed the Exemplary Physical Education Curriculum Self-Efficacy Survey and the General Education Efficacy Survey. Pearson correlations indicate significant (p < 0.001) positive relationships (r > 0.30) between participants’ self-efficacy for teaching personal and social development and other aspects of physical education as well as general teacher efficacy. Findings support the relevance of selfefficacy for teaching personal and social development in physical education. Implications for practice and professional development are discussed as well as the need for continued research.

The authors thank the EPSRC for funding (Cation-Controlled Gating for Selective Gas Adsorption over Adaptable Zeolites: EP/N032942/1, V.M.G., P.A.W. and an NPIF Ph.D. scholarship for E.L.B.: EP/R512199/1). We acknowledge Diamond Light Source for time on Beamline I11 under Proposal CY22322-1. Experiments at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beamtime allocation RB2090052-1 from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. The raw data accompanying this publication are directly available at https://doi.org/10.17630/cac904b4-3c07-4159-913f80ff53b13bb7 [reference 59] and, for the neutron powder diffraction data, https://doi.org/10.5286/ISIS.E.RB2090052-1 The lithium-exchanged form of a merlinoite zeolite (MER) with Si/Al = 4.2 (unit cell composition Li6.2Al6.2Si25.8O64) possesses a strongly contracted framework when dehydrated (the unit cell volume decreases by 12.9% from the hydrated ‘wide-pore’ form to the dehydrated ‘narrow-pore’ form). It shows cooperative adsorption behaviour for CO2, leading to two-step isotherms with the second step at elevated pressure (>2.5 bar at 298 K). Partially exchanging Na and K cations to give single phase Li,Na- and Li,K-MER materials reduces the pressure of this second adsorption step because the transition from narrow- to wide-pore forms upon CO2 adsorption occurs at lower partial pressures compared to that in Li-MER: partial exchange with Cs does not reduce the pressure of this transition. Exsolution effects are also seen at K cation contents >2.2 per unit cell. The phase transitions proceed via intermediate structures, by complex phase behaviour rarely seen for zeolitic materials. The strongly distorted narrow-pore structures adopted upon dehydration give one dimensional channel structures in which the percolation of CO2 through the material requires cation migration from their locations in ste sites. This is slow in Li3.4Cs2.8-MER where Cs cations occupy these critical ste cavities in the channels, causing very slow adsorption kinetics. As the partial pressure of CO2 increases, a threshold pressure is reached where cooperative adsorption and Cs cation migration occur and the wide-pore form results, with a three dimensionally connected pore system, leading to a sharp increase in uptake. This is far in excess of the increase of unit cell volume because more of the pore space becomes accessible. Strong hysteretic effects occur upon desorption, leading to CO2 encapsulation. CO2 remaining within the material after repeated adsorption/desorption cycles without heated activation improves sorption kinetics and modifies the stepped isotherms. Postprint Postprint

During the last few years, the accuracy of static electricity meters (SEM) has been questioned. Significant metering deviations with respect to a reference meter have been observed at customer premises, and laboratory experimental tests results support such findings. The root cause of such errors remains unknown, as there are multiple elements that could affect the accuracy of electricity meters. Furthermore, standard compliant meters exposed to distorted signals may produce negligible, positive or negative relative error depending on the instrument design. Distorted current signals with fast amplitude transitions have produced the highest error in SEMs reported in the literature. In this paper, the accuracy of an energy metering Integrated Circuit (IC) is evaluated beyond the limits of the standards requirements employing a selection of distorted signals from the standards, real-world captured signals and a set of waveforms designed to test the IC under fast changing currents conditions, which are representative of the waveforms resulting from power electronic devices. The experimental results reveal an accuracy boundary imposed by Gibb’s phenomenon for fast changing current signals and a strong relationship between the IC’s measurement error and two key parameters of the measured waveform: signal slope and phase angle. This paper therefore provides a methodology for the comprehensive analysis of SEMs in future power systems which are dominated with power electronic-controlled electrical demand and contributes to the search for the root cause of error in SEMs exposed to distorted waveforms.

A framework for the comparison of measurement methods of conducted emissions in the frequency range 2-150 kHz is presented. In addition to present non-normative methods published by the IEC, alternative approaches in the literature are considered. Furthermore, test signals and key metrics are described. The comparison results will provide a baseline for specification of a new normative method for power grid measurements.

Small-pore aluminosilicate zeolites are attractive targets for synthesis because of their activity as catalysts in important reactions, including ammonia-mediated selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx in auto-exhaust emissions. Such a zeolite with SWY framework type, previously observed as a silicoaluminophosphate, has been prepared with high crystallinity via designed syntheses employing organic 1,8-(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)octyl (diDABCO-C8) and K+ cations as templates. STA-30 (St Andrews microporous material 30) is an ABC-6 structure in the erionite-offretite family of zeolites that exhibits the 12-layer stacking sequence AABAABAACAAC. The framework, which can be prepared with a controllable Si/Al ratio, possesses columns of alternating d6r units and can cages, of which the latter are oriented to give an inter-column pore space comprising gme cages and swy cages connected via 8Rs. DiDABCO-C8 cations fill the swy cages of as-prepared STA-30, while K+ cations display high occupancy in the can cages. Removal of the template by calcination, followed by ammonium ion exchange of K+ cations residing outside the can cages and subsequent deammoniation, gives a highly crystalline zeolite (K3H6Al9Si72O144, P63/mmc, a = 12.9922(9) Å, c = 29.9624(12) Å) with solid acidity shown by solid-state 1H MAS NMR. Upon hydration, a portion of the Al adopts octahedral geometry, as demonstrated by two sharp resonances at −2.0 and −3.1 ppm in the 27Al MAS NMR. These octahedral species can be converted back to tetrahedral Al by ammonium exchange and are interpreted as distinct hydrated framework Al sites. The activated K,H-STA-30 is a small-pore solid acid with a three-dimensionally connected micropore volume of 0.31 cm3 g–1. In the copper-loaded form, it is an active catalyst for the SCR of NO by ammonia., R.G.C. thanks the University of St Andrews and Johnson Matthey for funding. P.A.W. thanks the EPSRC (Designed Synthesis of Zeolites: EP/S016201/1) and the Royal Society (Industry Fellowship INF\R2\192052) for support. A.M. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Ramon y Cajal programme (RYC2018-024561-I), the Regional government of Aragon (DGA E13_20R), and to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC-21850410448; NSFC-21835002).