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This article aims to analyze the reception of George Sand in the Río de la Plata region between 1838 and 1880 through the examining of three translation scenes of her as a writer published in the press of the time: first, the publication of a biographical review in 1838 in El Nacional de Montevideo; second, the censorship of her novel André after its third edition in the Folletín section of El Nacional de Buenos Aires in 1861; and finally, an allusion to a literary controversy between Sand and Feuillet, in the paratexts of a novel published by the latter in the Biblioteca Popular de Buenos Aires. Each of these instances sheds light on the contentious reception of Sand, a controversy held in absentia since she, her scandals, and ideological principles were never unmentioned while her works were not to be read. By examining her portrayal, we will uncover the differing standpoints of liberal and Catholic romanticism regarding female reading, writing, and marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article investigates the coverage of issues related to Ukrainian history and culture in newspapers during the 1941-1943 period of the Nazi occupation. It is noted that the occupation administration granted the newly created local press the right to publish articles on relevant themes. At the same time, the author does not minimize the invasive character of the Nazi occupation and all the atrocities committed during this period on Ukrainian territory, noting that the indoctrination of the local population was among the primary goals of these articles. At the first stage, there was a separation of Ukrainians, especially the younger generation, in their mentality as a distinct nation independent of Bolshevik Russia. The emphasis is placed on the periodicals of the Zaporizhzhia and Dnipropetrovsk regions as they were more Russified in the first decades of Soviet domination, so these publications allowed local people to read about Ukrainian issues. The focus was on the recent tragic history of the Ukrainian people who experienced it under the Soviet regime in the region. Efforts were made to evoke memories of recent events, such as the Holodomor, the Great Terror, and the collectivization and dispossession of peasants. There were also efforts to remind the older generation of the atrocities of the Bolshevik regime, influencing young Ukrainians. At the same time, there were appeals to heroic Ukrainian history, and information about prominent figures in Ukrainian history and culture was shared. Efforts were made to revive ancient Ukrainian traditions in the lives of ordinary Ukrainians. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the similarity in the use of mass media policies between the Germanfascist occupation period and the modern occupation of parts of the studied regions by Russian troops. However, during 1941-1943, there was an emphasis on presenting reliable facts, whereas the modern occupation period is characterized by the widespread dissemination of misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article is dedicated to the state of housing and communal services in Kyiv as covered in the periodicals «Ukrainske Slovo», «Nove Ukrainske Slovo» and «Ostanni Visti» during the period of German occupation. Analysis of the newspapers' materials made it possible to outline the state of the housing stock and communal infrastructure from the entry of the occupying forces into the city until the end of the German administration's activities. The newspapers' pages contain information on statistical calculations of the destruction in Kyiv, as well as activities related to the localization and elimination of these consequences. The materials reveal propaganda cliches, distortion, and exaggeration of information regarding the state of affairs in housing and communal services. For the mentioned aspect, it is possible to reflect the common and distinct features of German propaganda in the periodicals used in all the territories where it was active. This includes the use of “soft power” by the occupying press to instill new political beliefs, friendliness towards Germans in the population of Kyiv. In particular, appealing to the destruction of housing and critical infrastructure of the city by the Soviets. Attention to the materials of the occupation press and their objective evaluation not only allows for determining the degree of distortion of the information provided in the context of the historical time reviewed but also in comparison with the activity of such presses in the modern world. Russian occupation administrations currently use the full spectrum of mass media, including the press, to distort reality and conduct political propaganda on temporarily occupied territories in Ukraine. In many respects, the occupiers adhere to similar or identical forms of the fascist regime of reflecting non-existent reality, including issues related to housing and communal services destroyed or damaged by themselves in the territories they occupy.

The article is devoted to the policy of censorship in Lithuania after the Manifesto issued by Emperor Nicholas II on 17 October 1905 in order to find out those ideas, thoughts, and opinions that the authorities of the Russian Empire sought to exclude from the communication process. The main object of the research is the Polish periodical press (newspapers, magazines, continuous, and one-off publications) published in Vilnius in 1905-1914. With the help of a comparative perspective, we will try to answer the question of whether the censorship of the Polish periodicals was subject to the same policy as other publications, whether there were peculiarities, or whether these periodicals were addressed more strictly. The main source of the research is the materials of the minutes of the meetings of the Temporary Committee on Press Affairs in Vilnius that have not been used in previous research.

Background. The relevance of the work is determined by the urgent need to fur-ther expand the source base applicable to the analysis of the life of Russian society in the second half of the 19th century. The purpose of the research is to study the possibilities of using the materials of correspondence of contemporaries, periodicals, memoirs as a source for analyzing the life of the population of the Russian Empire in the 1880s–1890s. Materi-als and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the principles of science, historicism and objectivity. The formal-logical method and comparative-historical methods of scientific research are used. The possibilities of the social method, especially when studying memoirs and official notes of officials, allowed us to proceed from the isolation of the levels of the metropolitan and provincial population on the basis of the estate approach. The principle of conformity was applied in identifying general trends in the daily life of the population of the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th century. When considering a number of sources, critical and concrete historical methods were used. When working with periodicals, the method of modeling, description in combination with analysis was used. Results. In the course of writing the article , the main task was solved – on the basis of a set of sources to explore the possibilities of using materials of personal origin and periodicals as a source for analyzing the life of the population of the Russian Empire in the 1880s–1890s. Conclusions. The study of the life of Russian society in the last quarter of the 19th century is based on the involvement of a wide range of sources. In addition to the materials of the periodical press, which reflect the most important events of the political, ecclesiastical, cultural life of the capital and provincial society, memoirs and correspondence of contemporaries are of interest. Expand the palette of opinions of representatives of various estates about certain events that worried Russian society during the postreform period, it is possible by involving official notes of government officials. The materials of the official part of the government press, as well as the document flow of tsarist Russia, allow us to analyze the position of the authorities on the events of political and public life of the period under review. In addition, in relation to the period of the reign of Alexander III, it is advisable to involve the materials of the church press in the context of following the official government course of that time.

The article is devoted to the policy of censorship in Lithuania after the Manifesto issued by Emperor Nicholas II on 17 October 1905 in order to find out those ideas, thoughts, and opinions that the authorities of the Russian Empire sought to exclude from the communication process. The main object of the research is the Polish periodical press (newspapers, magazines, continuous, and one-off publications) published in Vilnius in 1905-1914. With the help of a comparative perspective, we will try to answer the question of whether the censorship of the Polish periodicals was subject to the same policy as other publications, whether there were peculiarities, or whether these periodicals were addressed more strictly. The main source of the research is the materials of the minutes of the meetings of the Temporary Committee on Press Affairs in Vilnius that have not been used in previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify the existence of a laughter community in Portugal in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Based on research into the beginnings of humour in periodicals published in Portugal, a corpus consisting of newspapers published between 1797 and 1835 was analysed, from the first in which humour was used systematically as a resource (Almocreve de Petas) until the establishment of the Constitutional Monarchy. With the concept of laughter community in mind, evidence was sought that it was present in the period that covers the political, social and economic transition from the Ancien Régime to modern society, having as main players writers, editors, printers, readers and listeners, in a process of production, reception, circulation and appropriation of ideas and meanings. This process, which developed in the public sphere, also played a part in forming incipient public opinion. To detect evidence of this community, clichés, jocular expressions and comic stories conveyed by the periodicals were identified. Very often they were found to have kept the same meaning they had at the time, while some expressions have survived with slight changes, and others simply no longer make people laugh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considered by the writers of the periodicals under study as a universal genius, an essential reference and a timeless model, the poet and playwright William Shakespeare (1564–1616) was the most translated and the most frequently-mentioned British author in the Portuguese periodical press between 1865 and 1890. Broadly speaking, it is possible to divide the reception of Shakespeare in the Portuguese press into six seminal categories, which are analysed in this paper under the following headings: bio-bibliographical studies or sketches; translations of excerpts from his plays; reviews of translations, some of which were published in the periodicals under study; considerations regarding the presentation of Shakespeare’s plays on the Portuguese stage; reviews of operas staged at the S. Carlos Opera House, the librettos of which were based on Shakespeare’s plays; and lastly, the analysis of Shakespearean characters or themes, which were not infrequently based on translations or theatrical or operatic productions.

In this article analyzes the issue of greening around the roads in the 1950s-80s of the 20th century in the Bukhara region, which is considered to be the driest and waterless region of Uzbekistan, close to desert climate, along with the planting of various plants in order to prevent the erosion of sand, landslides, dug ditches and canals. Also, in the article, issues related to the care of these seedlings are comparatively studied and analyzed based on periodical press and archival materials.

The article describes the school education in the town of Taiga, West Siberia, during the accelerated construction of socialism in the 1930s. The research relied on a local newspaper called The Stalinist Way. The author used the historical and anthropological approach based on the principles of total history. The key task was to reconstruct the everyday life of the local community in the context of the Soviet cultural revolution. The analysis made it possible to summarize the unique testimonies of ordinary people about various aspects of school life, teachers, their role in the community, and relations with the local authorities. The findings expand the understanding of the regional history of Western Siberia in the XX century and the all-Russian processes at the local level. This article contributes to the domestic theory and methodology of everyday life studies. It also adds a new, heuristic value to the Soviet periodical press as a historical source, as well as reveals new prospects for anthropological criticism.

This article aims to identify the existence of a laughter community in Portugal in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Based on research into the beginnings of humour in periodicals published in Portugal, a corpus consisting of newspapers published between 1797 and 1835 was analysed, from the first in which humour was used systematically as a resource (Almocreve de Petas) until the establishment of the Constitutional Monarchy. With the concept of laughter community in mind, evidence was sought that it was present in the period that covers the political, social and economic transition from the Ancien Régime to modern society, having as main players writers, editors, printers, readers and listeners, in a process of production, reception, circulation and appropriation of ideas and meanings. This process, which developed in the public sphere, also played a part in forming incipient public opinion. To detect evidence of this community, clichés, jocular expressions and comic stories conveyed by the periodicals were identified. Very often they were found to have kept the same meaning they had at the time, while some expressions have survived with slight changes, and others simply no longer make people laugh.

This article examines the views on the inoculation of smallpox as they were presented in the Swedish periodical press during the second half of the eighteenth century. The analysis is based on digitized newspapers available in the online press databases of the Swedish and Finnish national libraries. The historical Swedish realm is an interesting case with regard to inoculation. First, extensive and systematic population records and statistics exist for both parts of the realm - Sweden and Finland - since the eighteenth century, an era when also the elementary foundations of a medical infrastructure and administration were cast. Second, as a part of the political and scientific interest in demography, inoculation was strongly promoted by the central administration and became a central element of public health policies that involved both medical professionals and local officials, including ministers and sacristans of the Lutheran church. Third, during the latter half of the 1760s, Sweden experienced an unprecedented moment of freedom of the press, which resulted in a strong development of the periodical and daily printed press. The newspapers analysed here very clearly reflect the proximity of politics, academia, and the press, in a large country with a relatively small but rapidly growing population and an even smaller educated elite. From the very first mentions in the 1750s onwards, inoculation was presented exclusively positively in the Swedish press, which reported the progress of the procedure in England and on the European continent. It was described as a victory of science and as an enlightened invention that could reduce excess mortality particularly among children. During the decade following the first inoculation in Sweden in 1754, no critical or sceptical views on inoculation appeared in the press, and the only concerns expressed were on how to counter religious arguments against the procedure and how to convince the peasants to inoculate themselves and their children. Aft er the initial enthusiasm and optimism, the press expressed an increasingly acute awareness of the huge challenges associated with the necessity to inoculate the rural populations. In the 1790s and early 1800s, the press thus reported in detail on the situation of specific dioceses and parishes and on the number of inoculations and deaths respectively, which strengthens the impression that inoculation and demography were not only politically relevant but also something that would engage the enlightened reader. The interest of the Swedish case is precisely here: inoculation was presented extremely positively, as a matter of utmost importance for national progress, welfare and public health. The same enthusiasm and faith in the redemptive potential of science can be observed in the press immediately aft er the introduction of vaccination in the first years of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In June 1720, a plague epidemic broke out in Marseille, killed half its population and, spread to Provence and Languedoc, thus arousing fears of contagion in England, where the memory of the Great Plague of London in 1664/5 was still vivid. While the English newspapers published short news on the mortality and measures taken by the French authorities, a leisure periodical, «The Free-Th inker», a bi-weekly essay paper published in London and circulated throughout the country between March 1718 and July 1721, chose to devote a series of twenty-five papers to the contagion between December 1720 and June 1721. The present study analyses the rational and liberal discourse of this periodical. It will show that at a time when the plague was the subject of many providentialist sermons, «The Free-Thinker» off ered its readers an exclusively rational discourse based on the popularisation of medical, statistical and historical knowledge about the plague. «The Free-Thinker»'s arguments also echoed both the essentially preventive approach of the English government and medical polemics concerning two contagionist conceptions of the disease. Finally, although the periodical justified its series by using the argument of public good and put forward public health policies, its aim was primarily to counter a radical contagionist discourse which was considered harmful to the economic and political freedoms of its readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the problems of education, school system and upbringing discussed in the Warsaw magazine „Izraelita", an organ which supported the processes of assimilation of Jews, in the last 10 years of its existence, falling for the years 1905-1915. It was a time of dynamic political, social and cultural changes, which to a large extent also affected the scope and form of the Editorial Staff's approach to pedagogic issues. Apart from the general directions of the pedagogic interests of „Izraelita", the article draws attention to several key issues for the analysed period, such as: growing manifestations of anti-Semitism in schools and the forms of responding to this phenomenon, discussion about the language of teaching, the beginnings of diverse discussions about the upbringing and education of women, and the necessity of taking into account the problems of upbringing and education of children with special needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Introduction. The paper analyses the Russian public sphere during World War I. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the functioning of the periodical press under the conditions of military censorship. The paper demonstrates how censorship restrictions regulated the discussion of issues that were of special political importance and transformed the publicity regime in the country. Methods and materials. The presented work is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The methodological framework for writing the article is the public sphere model proposed by J. Habermas, as well as special methodological approaches developed in the works of N. Luhmann. With a view to understanding and analysing the processes taking place in the public sphere, the research method of case studies is used. The source base of the study, in addition to publications in periodicals, consists of official documents regulating the activities of military censorship institutions in Russia. Analysis. The study reveals and demonstrates the possibilities of the periodical press to create a special sphere of publicity in the country through the information impact on the population. The article states that the press at the early stage of World War I did not differ in the variety of opinions, made no attempt to develop an objective overview of what was going on. First of all, the issues of the “fair war” and “inevitable victory” were brought up, which fueled the atmosphere of patriotic euphoria. At the same time, the military censorship suppressed any attempts to discuss the possibility of making peace between belligerent countries, even if they came from the supporters of military conflict, as it was the case with the article by P.A. Sorokin. The same trend was observed both in 1915 and 1916. Mentioning peace on the pages of the periodical press was equated with violations that the enemies could use to their advantage. Results. Thus, the press acted as only one, albeit very important, element of the public sphere within which the formation of public opinion took place during World War I. The mechanisms of the public sphere fulfilled one of the key tasks: due to its influence the population was mobilized in all areas of its practical activity. At the very beginning of the war, the press stood in solidarity with the authorities regarding the inevitability of the future victory of Russia and the need to protect the Fatherland from enemy attacks. The question of the duration of hostilities and the advent of peace was more complicated. However, as the war continued and the internal political crisis grew, the attitude towards the early conclusion of peace was changing, gradually transforming into hatred of all the actors of the war in the public sphere, with its own authorities taking the place of the enemy governments. Throughout the war, the pressure on the media by the censorship striving to maintain a pro-government publicity regime increased. However, at some point the transformation of the public sphere became irreversible and in many ways predetermined the events of 1917. The authors’ contribution. E.А. Antyukhova has defined the methodological approaches to the interpretation of the documents of the periodical press of World War I in terms of the public sphere, demonstrated its possibilities in the formation of public opinion. V.F. Blokhin has analyzed the existing points of view in the domestic and foreign historiography on the features of the functioning of the periodical press under the conditions of World War I, demonstrated the work of military censorship at different stages during the military conflict.

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Based on previously unknown archival materials, the article reconstructs the history of the creation of the first emigrant satirical magazine “Ukhvat”. The subject matter were peculiarities of the printed organ’s ideological and literary program, formed on the initiative of the Russian Montparnasse’s representative — the poet D.Yu. Kobyakov, and with the participation of A.M. Remizov and M.A. Osorgin which were well-known writers. They formed an informal editorial board, which actually determined the publication’s program. The article contains new data for the creative biography of the journal’s leaders. The published material allows us to trace the specific nuances of the journal’s program in the context of the Russian emigration and in the interpretation of its editor Kobyakov, who returned to the USSR in 1958. In the history of the Russian foreign press, “Ukhvat” remains a publication that reflects the mentality of representatives of the Russian diaspora, humorous escapades of both famous literary masters and authors hiding under pseudonyms were published.

Background. An attempt is made to understand what was the role of the press, the degree of its influence on the residents, the understanding of the authorities and con-temporaries of the role and place of periodicals in the information field of the Russian Em-pire during the period of systemic reforms of the second half of the 19th century, in the tran-sitional period of Russian history. The purpose of the work is to study the role of the perio-dical press as the main channel for broadcasting official information in the provinces of the Russian Empire in the 1860s–1880s on the basis of the analysis of the materials of the offi-cial document circulation, periodicals and correspondence of contemporaries. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of archives, official document mana-gement, materials of the periodical press of late Imperial Russia. The formal-logical method and comparative-historical methods of scientific research are used. The method of content analysis of the press made it possible to identify the topics of publications of the official and unofficial sections of periodicals. Results. In the course of writing the article, the main task was solved – to investigate the role of the periodical press in the context of interaction and mutual influence of power and society in the model of the Russian state of the second half of the 19th century. Conclusions. The periodical press of the capital and province of the Russian Empire in the 1860s and 1880s was the main official mass source of information for the population of the empire. The policy of the tsarist government in the capitals and in large university cities with respect to printed publications differed somewhat from the poli-cy pursued by the provincial administration with respect to time-based publications. In the hinterland, methods of direct prohibitions and imposition of administrative penalties were used more widely. While in the capital cities, government officials made greater use of the opportunities to censor publications and issue warnings.

Scholarly studies on Alberto Blest Gana have generally disregarded the author’s production prior to his narrative cycle, begun with his novel La aritmética en el amor [Arithmetic in Love] (1860), awarded first prize in a literary contest sponsored by the Universidad de Chile. Nonetheless, the canonical cycle of his first narrative period (which includes his famous Martín Rivas and El ideal de un calavera) shares with his earlier fiction the fact that the novels were originally published in the press. Indeed, with the exception of the award-winning novel and Juan de Aria – published in the Aguinaldo of the newspaper El Ferrocarril – all the author’s production from his first narrative period was published in periodical publications, decisive in consolidating his narrative project. This essay analyses the mediation of the periodical press (and its subgenres, such as the folletín [newspaper serial] and the artículo de costumbres [a literary vignette of customs]) in the foundation of Blest Gana’s narrative scheme, contemplating the diversity of his production. The main features of his project were embodied, materially speaking, in the space of the folletín. It was in this space, in short, where the author’s narrative managed to challenge an extended reading public, necessary for the constitution of a national literature.

The article analyzes the content of the official part of the newspapers «Tomsk Provincial Vedomosti», «Tobolsk Provincial Vedomosti», concerning the appointment, transfer, resignation, vacation and awards of officials of local institutions. The methodological basis of the study is the problem-chronological method, which allowed us to identify and examine in detail the possibilities of the government periodical press for studying the history of the civil service of Western Siberia in the late XIX–early XX centuries. The author draws attention to the fact that the information contained in the provincial lists is limited in comparison with the form lists. But together with archival documents and reference publications, the materials of the government periodical press allow us to fully restore the history of public service in Western Siberia, as well as to trace the terms of filling individual positions

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The article deals with the problem of the reader and reading among the urban population, which is little studied in Russian history. Based on the analysis of the materials of the state archive of the Irkutsk region, the author characterizes the readership and the reader’s interests of certain social and professional groups of the Irkutsk population in the late XIX–early XX centuries. A distinctive feature of the Irkutsk readership is shown: the social composition of active readers of the city is revealed, the circle of the most popular domestic and foreign authors is designated, the most popular all-Russian, regional and local periodicals are marked. The obtained data can help to characterize the mechanism of influence of reading on the formation of socio-political views, moral education and artistic tastes of Irkutsk residents

Printed and published by the London Union of Compositors, an organisation founded in 1834 to defend the interests of print workers, The Compositors’ Chronicle was launched in September 1840 as a monthly and existed for three years. Its main object was to protect printers from their masters’ ‘misconduct and tyranny’: ‘To these petty tyrants, the Chronicle will be gall and wormwood; and, by occasionally giving them a friendly hint, we shall endeavour to make them more considerate rulers, if not better men’ (‘Address’). This paper investigates the Chronicle as a cooperative medium seeking to support and sustain the development of a shared professional trade identity. It provides three successive highlights on different fields and modes of expression used in the Chronicle, paying attention to the connectedness of printers, within and outside the editorial structure of the journal. The Chronicle is first considered in its attempt to unite typesetters and pressmen across Britain in the fight against perceived threats to their working conditions and status. However, and beyond immediate trade interests, wider ideological networks also nourished the journal. Like many early Victorian trade societies, the London Union of Compositors was strongly influenced by the various movements ‘for the improvement of the moral and social condition of the working classes’ and in the pages of the Chronicle, utilitarian connections were apparent, in particular through the journal’s treatment of social subjects. Finally, the collaborative columns of the Chronicle were also instrumental in the creation of a distinct trade identity. At a time when many print workers remained outside the scope of British citizenship, Thompson’s journal offered them a space in which their literacy, sociability and respectability could be showcased through a virtual and actual community.

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The article analyzed particular qualities of press in Transjordan and Arabian Peninsula which was making its first steps during the period of transition from Ottoman influence to British colonial dependency marked by formation of modern territorial configuration for the states of the region. At present the region attracts particular attention of the world mass media. Authors underscore peculiarities of Hashemite Transjordan’s press, as well as of that of Saudi Arabia, of North Yemen monarchy and of South Yemen colonized by Great Britain. The authors conclude that the press of the region is decades behind the press of advanced Arab states.

The article is devoted to the problem of presenting liberal projects, moods, ideas in the anniversary discourse, in speeches, appeals, letters, telegrams about the fiftieth anniversary of the newspaper «Russkie Vedomosti». The purpose of the work is to reconstruct the communication channels of the publication and the audience. The study found that jubilee celebrations contributed to the intensification of interaction between the addressee and recipients, identifying a circle of active supporters of moderate liberalism and increasing the influence of liberal ideas on Russian society

The article reveals some of the problems that arose between military censors and the media during the First World War. The article is written on the basis of the military censorship materials of the Supreme Commander headquarters of the Russian army, the censorship department of the Minsk military district and the materials of the periodical press. The authors conclude that the conflict was predetermined both by the imperfection of the censorship legislation, which provided an opportunity for the censors to evaluate the publications of newspapers and magazines at their own discretion, and by the censorship omissions of the media, which printed inaccurate news and placed information that the enemy could use. The result was ineffective military censorship and the failure of the press to fulfill its important mission: to contribute to the formation of public opinion in the rear in the interests of the state.

The article shows what information the press between 1905 and 1940 provided Lithuanian readers about Shrovetide celebratory traditions around the world. The information collected, consisting of seven articles, thirty photographs and drawings, is fragmentary but fairly informative, providing a good and concise understanding of this cultural phenomenon in a popular manner. By surveying and interpreting the available data, it tries to answer several questions: what significance these publications might have had on Shrovetide celebratory traditions and methods of celebration in the early 20th-century Lithuania; how this information correlates with current academic research and known empirical data; what Lithuanian Shrovetide had in common with the winter-spring carnival celebrated around the world.

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El presente trabajo ofrece una caracterización de modalidades de lectura en el siglo XIX vinculadas a la dinámica y a la materialidad de la prensa periódica. Reconsidera las relaciones entre cultura letrada y cultura popular a partir de la descripción de instancias textuales particulares (desde El Telégrafo Mercantil hasta las gacetas populares de Luis Pérez), así como del escrutinio de los precios y costos de los periódicos impresos en Buenos Aires. The present work offers a characterization of modalities of reading in the nineteenth century, linked to the dynamics and the materiality of the periodical press form. It reconsiders the relations between lettered culture and popular culture based on the description of particular textual instances (from El Telégrafo Mercantil to the popular gazettes of Luis Pérez) as well as the scrutiny of the prices and costs of the printed press in Buenos Aires.

The reading study allows determining the level of development and scales of intellectual-spiritual demands and practical needs of the population. The main segments of a reading circle, common for Siberian and Far Eastern residents in the late XX - early XXI centuries, are art, educational, industrial, scientific, local history, practically useful literature and periodicals. They perform the following functions: information, educational, leisure, relaxation, educational, communicative ones, persons’ socialization, broadcast of social experience and main systems of the values developed in the society at this stage of its development. Popular genres of fiction were entertaining: detective stories, love and historical novels, adventures, fantasy. Entertaining and information publications were the most demanded in the periodicals. It was marked demands for social-political and economic literature, books on housekeeping, popular psychology, traditional medicine, truck farming, children care. The content and ratio of the main segments of reading was defined first of all by reader’ age and occupation. Motives and frequency of regional inhabitants appealing to this or that literature are the basis for separation of reading segments.

Una las novedades que aporta el proceso de modernización del campo cultural argentino y la emergencia de un mercado de bienes culturales en el último cuarto del siglo XIX es la mayor participación de escritoras y lectoras en la esfera pública, especialmente, a partir de la prensa dirigida al público femenino. Estos semanarios se ofrecen, no solo como un espacio de publicación en el que sus colaboradoras se contactan entre sí y asumen una vocación autoral a través de sus escritos, sino que también cumplen una función activa en la construcción de ciertos modelos femeninos que buscan apaciguar las tensiones surgidas en torno a una figura novedosa como la de la mujer de letras. Este trabajo se concentra en analizar cómo Josefina Pelliza y Lola Larrosa, dos conocidas escritoras de ese momento, intervienen en estos periódicos y negocian con los perfiles de autoría femenina que circulan en ellos para desarrollar sus incipientes carreras literarias.

Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Patrimônio e Memória is the property of Centro de Documentacao e Apoio a Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Olivar is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reveals some of the problems that arose between military censors and the media during the First World War. The article is written on the basis of the military censorship materials of the Supreme Commander headquarters of the Russian army, the censorship department of the Minsk military district and the materials of the periodical press. The authors conclude that the conflict was predetermined both by the imperfection of the censorship legislation, which provided an opportunity for the censors to evaluate the publications of newspapers and magazines at their own discretion, and by the censorship omissions of the media, which printed inaccurate news and placed information that the enemy could use. The result was ineffective military censorship and the failure of the press to fulfill its important mission: to contribute to the formation of public opinion in the rear in the interests of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]