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1. Genetic drivers and cellular selection of female mosaic X chromosome loss

Author

Liu, Aoxing, Genovese, Giulio, Zhao, Yajie, Pirinen, Matti, Zekavat, Seyedeh M., Kentistou, Katherine A., Yang, Zhiyu, Yu, Kai, Vlasschaert, Caitlyn, Liu, Xiaoxi, Brown, Derek W., Hudjashov, Georgi, Gorman, Bryan R., Dennis, Joe, Zhou, Weiyin, Momozawa, Yukihide, Pyarajan, Saiju, Tuzov, Valdislav, Pajuste, Fanny-Dhelia, Aavikko, Mervi, Sipilä, Timo P., Ghazal, Awaisa, Huang, Wen-Yi, Freedman, Neal D., Song, Lei, Gardner, Eugene J., Sankaran, Vijay G., Palotie, Aarno, Ollila, Hanna M., Tukiainen, Taru, Chanock, Stephen J., Mägi, Reedik, Natarajan, Pradeep, Daly, Mark J., Bick, Alexander, McCarroll, Steven A., Terao, Chikashi, Loh, Po-Ru, Ganna, Andrea, Perry, John R. B., and Machiela, Mitchell J.

Published
2024
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4. Author Correction: Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes

Author

Bradfeld, Jonathan P., Kember, Rachel L., Ulrich, Anna, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Alyass, Akram, Aris, Izzuddin M., Bell, Joshua A., Broadaway, K. Alaine, Chen, Zhanghua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Davies, Neil M., Fernandez-Orth, Dietmar, Bustamante, Mariona, Fore, Ruby, Ganguli, Amitavo, Heiskala, Anni, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Íñiguez, Carmen, Kobes, Sayuko, Leinonen, Jaakko, Lowry, Estelle, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Pitkänen, Niina, Schnurr, Theresia M., Have, Christian Theil, Strachan, David P., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Wade, Kaitlin H., Wang, Carol A., Wong, Andrew, Holm, Louise Aas, Chesi, Alessandra, Choong, Catherine, Cruz, Miguel, Elliott, Paul, Franks, Steve, Frithiof-Bøjsøe, Christine, Gauderman, W. James, Glessner, Joseph T., Gilsanz, Vicente, Griesman, Kendra, Hanson, Robert L., Kaakinen, Marika, Kalkwarf, Heidi, Kelly, Andrea, Kindler, Joseph, Kähönen, Mika, Lanca, Carla, Lappe, Joan, Lee, Nanette R., McCormack, Shana, Mentch, Frank D., Mitchell, Jonathan A., Mononen, Nina, Niinikoski, Harri, Oken, Emily, Pahkala, Katja, Sim, Xueling, Teo, Yik-Ying, Baier, Leslie J., van Beijsterveldt, Toos, Adair, Linda S., Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco, Guxens, Mònica, Eriksson, Johan G., Felix, Janine F., Gilliland, Frank D., Hansen, Torben, Hardy, Rebecca, Hivert, Marie-France, Holm, Jens-Christian, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mackey, David A., Meyre, David, Mohlke, Karen L., Mykkänen, Juha, Oberfeld, Sharon, Pennell, Craig E., Perry, John R. B., Raitakari, Olli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Saw, Seang-Mei, Sebert, Sylvain, Shepherd, John A., Standl, Marie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Torrent, Maties, Willemsen, Gonneke, Hypponen, Elina, Power, Chris, McCarthy, Mark I., Freathy, Rachel M., Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Prokopenko, Inga, Voight, Benjamin F., Zemel, Babette S., Grant, Struan F. A., and Cousminer, Diana L.

Published
2024
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5. Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes

Author

Bradfield, Jonathan P., Kember, Rachel L., Ulrich, Anna, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Alyass, Akram, Aris, Izzuddin M., Bell, Joshua A., Broadaway, K. Alaine, Chen, Zhanghua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Davies, Neil M., Fernandez-Orth, Dietmar, Bustamante, Mariona, Fore, Ruby, Ganguli, Amitavo, Heiskala, Anni, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Íñiguez, Carmen, Kobes, Sayuko, Leinonen, Jaakko, Lowry, Estelle, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Pitkänen, Niina, Schnurr, Theresia M., Have, Christian Theil, Strachan, David P., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Wade, Kaitlin H., Wang, Carol A., Wong, Andrew, Holm, Louise Aas, Chesi, Alessandra, Choong, Catherine, Cruz, Miguel, Elliott, Paul, Franks, Steve, Frithioff-Bøjsøe, Christine, Gauderman, W. James, Glessner, Joseph T., Gilsanz, Vicente, Griesman, Kendra, Hanson, Robert L., Kaakinen, Marika, Kalkwarf, Heidi, Kelly, Andrea, Kindler, Joseph, Kähönen, Mika, Lanca, Carla, Lappe, Joan, Lee, Nanette R., McCormack, Shana, Mentch, Frank D., Mitchell, Jonathan A., Mononen, Nina, Niinikoski, Harri, Oken, Emily, Pahkala, Katja, Sim, Xueling, Teo, Yik-Ying, Baier, Leslie J., van Beijsterveldt, Toos, Adair, Linda S., Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco, Guxens, Mònica, Eriksson, Johan G., Felix, Janine F., Gilliland, Frank D., Biobank, Penn Medicine, Hansen, Torben, Hardy, Rebecca, Hivert, Marie-France, Holm, Jens-Christian, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mackey, David A., Meyre, David, Mohlke, Karen L., Mykkänen, Juha, Oberfield, Sharon, Pennell, Craig E., Perry, John R. B., Raitakari, Olli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Saw, Seang-Mei, Sebert, Sylvain, Shepherd, John A., Standl, Marie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Torrent, Maties, Willemsen, Gonneke, Hypponen, Elina, Power, Chris, McCarthy, Mark I., Freathy, Rachel M., Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Prokopenko, Inga, Voight, Benjamin F., Zemel, Babette S., Grant, Struan F. A., and Cousminer, Diana L.

Published
2024
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7. Report of the Medical Image De-Identification (MIDI) Task Group -- Best Practices and Recommendations

Author

Clunie, David A., Flanders, Adam, Taylor, Adam, Erickson, Brad, Bialecki, Brian, Brundage, David, Gutman, David, Prior, Fred, Seibert, J Anthony, Perry, John, Gichoya, Judy Wawira, Kirby, Justin, Andriole, Katherine, Geneslaw, Luke, Moore, Steve, Fitzgerald, TJ, Tellis, Wyatt, Xiao, Ying, and Farahani, Keyvan

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

This report addresses the technical aspects of de-identification of medical images of human subjects and biospecimens, such that re-identification risk of ethical, moral, and legal concern is sufficiently reduced to allow unrestricted public sharing for any purpose, regardless of the jurisdiction of the source and distribution sites. All medical images, regardless of the mode of acquisition, are considered, though the primary emphasis is on those with accompanying data elements, especially those encoded in formats in which the data elements are embedded, particularly Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM). These images include image-like objects such as Segmentations, Parametric Maps, and Radiotherapy (RT) Dose objects. The scope also includes related non-image objects, such as RT Structure Sets, Plans and Dose Volume Histograms, Structured Reports, and Presentation States. Only de-identification of publicly released data is considered, and alternative approaches to privacy preservation, such as federated learning for artificial intelligence (AI) model development, are out of scope, as are issues of privacy leakage from AI model sharing. Only technical issues of public sharing are addressed., Comment: 131 pages

Published
2023

9. Saturation genome editing of DDX3X clarifies pathogenicity of germline and somatic variation

Author

Radford, Elizabeth J., Tan, Hong-Kee, Andersson, Malin H. L., Stephenson, James D., Gardner, Eugene J., Ironfield, Holly, Waters, Andrew J., Gitterman, Daniel, Lindsay, Sarah, Abascal, Federico, Martincorena, Iñigo, Kolesnik-Taylor, Anna, Ng-Cordell, Elise, Firth, Helen V., Baker, Kate, Perry, John R. B., Adams, David J., Gerety, Sebastian S., and Hurles, Matthew E.

Published
2023
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12. Child physical abuse and COVID-19: Trends from nine pediatric trauma centers

Author

Russell, Katie W, Acker, Shannon N, Ignacio, Romeo C, Lofberg, Katrine M, Garvey, Erin M, Chao, Stephanie D, Bliss, David W, Smith, Caitlin A, Nehra, Deepika, Anderson, Melissa L, Bunnell, Brittney L, Shahi, Niti, Perry, John M, Evans, Lauren L, Kwong, Jacky Z, Tobias, Joseph, Rohan, Autumn, Pickett, Kaci L, Kaar, Jill L, Kastenberg, Zachary J, Laskey, Antoinette L, Scaife, Eric R, and Jensen, Aaron R

Subjects
Violence Research, Clinical Research, Child Abuse and Neglect Research, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Patient Safety, Childhood Injury, Unintentional Childhood Injury, HIV/AIDS, Prevention, Pediatric, Injuries and accidents, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, COVID-19, Child, Child Abuse, Humans, Pandemics, Physical Abuse, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Trauma Centers, Child abuse, Nonaccidental trauma, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Pediatrics
Abstract

BackgroundEconomic, social, and psychologic stressors are associated with an increased risk for abusive injuries in children. Prolonged physical proximity between adults and children under conditions of severe external stress, such as witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic with "shelter-in-place orders", may be associated with additional increased risk for child physical abuse. We hypothesized that child physical abuse rates and associated severity of injury would increase during the early months of the pandemic as compared to the prior benchmark period.MethodsWe conducted a nine-center retrospective review of suspected child physical abuse admissions across the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium. Cases were identified for the period of April 1-June 30, 2020 (COVID-19) and compared to the identical period in 2019. We collected patient demographics, injury characteristics, and outcome data.ResultsThere were no significant differences in child physical abuse cases between the time periods in the consortium as a whole or at individual hospitals. There were no differences between the study periods with regard to patient characteristics, injury types or severity, resource utilization, disposition, or mortality.ConclusionsApparent rates of new injuries related to child physical abuse did not increase early in the COVID-19 pandemic. While this may suggest that pediatric physical abuse was not impacted by pandemic restrictions and stresses, it is possible that under-reporting, under-detection, or delays in presentation of abusive injuries increased during the pandemic. Long-term follow-up of subsequent rates and severity of child abuse is needed to assess for unrecognized injuries that may have occurred.

Published
2022

13. “Even a broken clock is right twice a day”: The case of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

Author

McKay, Michael T, Worrell, Frank C, Perry, John L, Chishima, Yuta, Zivkovic, Urška, Mello, Zena R, and Cole, Jon C

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Psychometrics, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Autoregressive CFA, Life satisfaction, Cognitive Sciences, Social Psychology, Biological psychology, Social and personality psychology
Abstract

The number of ways in which Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scores are operationalized has increased, and scores have begun to be used in clinical settings. A recent systematic review outlined how one operationalization, the deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP), was significantly associated with a range of outcomes. The review called for further investigation into the DBTP approach. Subsequently, a revised DBTP metric, the DBTP-R has been suggested. Using data from British, American, Japanese, and Slovenian samples, we asked several questions in the current study. First, we examined the structural validity of ZTPI scores using both traditional and auto-regressive approaches to see if context affects scoring. Consistent with the extant literature, results revealed serious problems with overall model fit for ZTPI scores. Then, we investigated the relationship between the DBTP and DBTP-R operationalizations of ZTPI scores and scores on a range of criterion variables. Although, broadly speaking, a DBTP score was significantly related to a range of other measures (adjusted for age and sex), results varied by sample and by outcome. DBTP-R models explained slightly more variance than DBTP models, and standardized beta values suggested that DBTP-R scores relate to criterion variables slightly more strongly than DBTP scores.

Published
2022

14. Cosmic ray radiography of a human phantom

Author

Morris, Christopher, Perry, John, and Merrill, F. E.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Cosmic ray muons, that reach the earth's surface, provide a natural source of radiation that is used for radiography. In this paper, we show that radiography using cosmic radiation background provides a method that can be used to monitor bulk aspects of human anatomy. We describe a method that can be used to measure changes in patients as a function of time by radiographing them using cosmic-ray muons. This could provide hourly readouts of parameters such as lung density with sufficient sensitivity to detect time changes in inflammation of the lungs in, e.g., Covid patients.

Published
2021

17. On knowing who I am

Author

Perry John

Subjects
castañeda, amnesia, efficiency, kaplan, context, character, basic actions, self-informative, self-effecting, other-informative, primitive self-knowledge, self-notion, self-attached, essential indexicals, Philosophy (General), B1-5802
Published
2023
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19. Maternal obesity increases hypothalamic miR-505-5p expression in mouse offspring leading to altered fatty acid sensing and increased intake of high-fat food

Author

Dearden, Laura, primary, Furigo, Isadora C., additional, Pantaleão, Lucas C., additional, Wong, L W. P., additional, Fernandez-Twinn, Denise S., additional, de Almeida-Faria, Juliana, additional, Kentistou, Katherine A., additional, Carreira, Maria V., additional, Bidault, Guillaume, additional, Vidal-Puig, Antonio, additional, Ong, Ken K., additional, Perry, John R. B., additional, Donato, Jose, additional, and Ozanne, Susan E., additional

Published
2024
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20. Qualitative analysis of the factors associated with whistleblowing intentions among athletes from six European countries

Author

Toner, John, primary, Jones, Luke, additional, Fairs, Lucas, additional, Mantis, Constantine, additional, Barkoukis, Vassilis, additional, Daroglou, Garyfallia, additional, Perry, John L., additional, Micle, Andrei V., additional, Theodorou, Nikolaos C., additional, Shakhverdieva, Sabina, additional, Stoicescu, Marius, additional, Pompiliu-Nicolae, Constantin, additional, Vesic, Milica V., additional, Dikic, Nenad, additional, Andjelkovic, Marija, additional, Revilla, Jesús Muñoz-Guerra, additional, García-Grimau, Elena, additional, Martínez, Miguel A. E., additional, Amigo, Javier A., additional, Schomöller, Anne, additional, and Nicholls, Adam Robert, additional

Published
2024
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23. Author Correction: GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal effect of schizophrenia liability

Author

Pasman, Joëlle A, Verweij, Karin JH, Gerring, Zachary, Stringer, Sven, Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Treur, Jorien L, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Nivard, Michel G, Baselmans, Bart ML, Ong, Jue-Sheng, Ip, Hill F, van der Zee, Matthijs D, Bartels, Meike, Day, Felix R, Fontanillas, Pierre, Elson, Sarah L, de Wit, Harriet, Davis, Lea K, MacKillop, James, Derringer, Jaime L, Branje, Susan JT, Hartman, Catharina A, Heath, Andrew C, van Lier, Pol AC, Madden, Pamela AF, Mägi, Reedik, Meeus, Wim, Montgomery, Grant W, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pausova, Zdenka, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep A, Paus, Tomas, Ribases, Marta, Kaprio, Jaakko, Boks, Marco PM, Bell, Jordana T, Spector, Tim D, Gelernter, Joel, Boomsma, Dorret I, Martin, Nicholas G, MacGregor, Stuart, Perry, John RB, Palmer, Abraham A, Posthuma, Danielle, Munafò, Marcus R, Gillespie, Nathan A, Derks, Eske M, and Vink, Jacqueline M

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Human Genome, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Genetics, Schizophrenia, Substance Misuse, Mental Health, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, 23andMe Research Team, Substance Use Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, International Cannabis Consortium, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biological psychology
Abstract

Several occurrences of the word 'schizophrenia' have been re-worded as 'liability to schizophrenia' or 'schizophrenia risk', including in the title, which should have been "GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal effect of schizophrenia liability," as well as in Supplementary Figures 1-10 and Supplementary Tables 7-10, to more accurately reflect the findings of the work.

Published
2019

24. Discovery, isolation, heterologous expression and mode-of-action studies of the antibiotic polyketide tatiomicin from Amycolatopsis sp. DEM30355

Author

Kepplinger, Bernhard, Mardiana, Lina, Cowell, Joseph, Morton-Laing, Stephanie, Dashti, Yousef, Wills, Corinne, Marrs, Emma C. L., Perry, John D., Gray, Joe, Goodfellow, Michael, Errington, Jeff, Probert, Michael R., Clegg, William, Bogaerts, Jonathan, Herrebout, Wouter, Allenby, Nick E. E., and Hall, Michael J.

Published
2022
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25. Are there essential indexicals?

Author

Perry John

Subjects
indexicals, castañeda, kaplan, character, context, content, self-informative, self-effecting, efficient, eternal, Philosophy (General), B1-5802
Published
2022
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26. GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal effect of schizophrenia liability

Author

Pasman, Joëlle A, Verweij, Karin JH, Gerring, Zachary, Stringer, Sven, Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Treur, Jorien L, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Nivard, Michel G, Baselmans, Bart ML, Ong, Jue-Sheng, Ip, Hill F, van der Zee, Matthijs D, Bartels, Meike, Day, Felix R, Fontanillas, Pierre, Elson, Sarah L, the 23andMe Research Team, de Wit, Harriet, Davis, Lea K, MacKillop, James, The Substance Use Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, International Cannabis Consortium, Derringer, Jaime L, Branje, Susan JT, Hartman, Catharina A, Heath, Andrew C, van Lier, Pol AC, Madden, Pamela AF, Mägi, Reedik, Meeus, Wim, Montgomery, Grant W, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pausova, Zdenka, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep A, Paus, Tomas, Ribases, Marta, Kaprio, Jaakko, Boks, Marco PM, Bell, Jordana T, Spector, Tim D, Gelernter, Joel, Boomsma, Dorret I, Martin, Nicholas G, MacGregor, Stuart, Perry, John RB, Palmer, Abraham A, Posthuma, Danielle, Munafò, Marcus R, Gillespie, Nathan A, Derks, Eske M, and Vink, Jacqueline M

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Prevention, Mental Health, Schizophrenia, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Genetics, Mental Illness, Brain Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, Human Genome, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Women's Health, Cannabinoid Research, Substance Misuse, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Databases, Genetic, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Male, Marijuana Abuse, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk-Taking, Young Adult, 23andMe Research Team, Substance Use Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, International Cannabis Consortium, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biological psychology
Abstract

Cannabis use is a heritable trait that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. In the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for lifetime cannabis use to date (N = 184,765), we identified eight genome-wide significant independent single nucleotide polymorphisms in six regions. All measured genetic variants combined explained 11% of the variance. Gene-based tests revealed 35 significant genes in 16 regions, and S-PrediXcan analyses showed that 21 genes had different expression levels for cannabis users versus nonusers. The strongest finding across the different analyses was CADM2, which has been associated with substance use and risk-taking. Significant genetic correlations were found with 14 of 25 tested substance use and mental health-related traits, including smoking, alcohol use, schizophrenia and risk-taking. Mendelian randomization analysis showed evidence for a causal positive influence of schizophrenia risk on cannabis use. Overall, our study provides new insights into the etiology of cannabis use and its relation with mental health.

Published
2018

27. GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal influence of schizophrenia.

Author

Pasman, Joëlle A, Verweij, Karin JH, Gerring, Zachary, Stringer, Sven, Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Treur, Jorien L, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Nivard, Michel G, Baselmans, Bart ML, Ong, Jue-Sheng, Ip, Hill F, van der Zee, Matthijs D, Bartels, Meike, Day, Felix R, Fontanillas, Pierre, Elson, Sarah L, 23andMe Research Team, de Wit, Harriet, Davis, Lea K, MacKillop, James, Substance Use Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, International Cannabis Consortium, Derringer, Jaime L, Branje, Susan JT, Hartman, Catharina A, Heath, Andrew C, van Lier, Pol AC, Madden, Pamela AF, Mägi, Reedik, Meeus, Wim, Montgomery, Grant W, Oldehinkel, AJ, Pausova, Zdenka, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep A, Paus, Tomas, Ribases, Marta, Kaprio, Jaakko, Boks, Marco PM, Bell, Jordana T, Spector, Tim D, Gelernter, Joel, Boomsma, Dorret I, Martin, Nicholas G, MacGregor, Stuart, Perry, John RB, Palmer, Abraham A, Posthuma, Danielle, Munafò, Marcus R, Gillespie, Nathan A, Derks, Eske M, and Vink, Jacqueline M

Subjects
23andMe Research Team, Substance Use Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, International Cannabis Consortium, Humans, Marijuana Abuse, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Risk-Taking, Mental Health, Schizophrenia, Gene Expression Regulation, Genotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Databases, Genetic, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Young Adult, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Databases, Genetic, and over, Prevention, Human Genome, Brain Disorders, Drug Abuse, Substance Abuse, Genetics, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Cardiovascular, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Psychology
Abstract

Cannabis use is a heritable trait that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. In the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for lifetime cannabis use to date (N = 184,765), we identified eight genome-wide significant independent single nucleotide polymorphisms in six regions. All measured genetic variants combined explained 11% of the variance. Gene-based tests revealed 35 significant genes in 16 regions, and S-PrediXcan analyses showed that 21 genes had different expression levels for cannabis users versus nonusers. The strongest finding across the different analyses was CADM2, which has been associated with substance use and risk-taking. Significant genetic correlations were found with 14 of 25 tested substance use and mental health-related traits, including smoking, alcohol use, schizophrenia and risk-taking. Mendelian randomization analysis showed evidence for a causal positive influence of schizophrenia risk on cannabis use. Overall, our study provides new insights into the etiology of cannabis use and its relation with mental health.

Published
2018

28. GWAS of epigenetic aging rates in blood reveals a critical role for TERT.

Author

Lu, Ake T, Xue, Luting, Salfati, Elias L, Chen, Brian H, Ferrucci, Luigi, Levy, Daniel, Joehanes, Roby, Murabito, Joanne M, Kiel, Douglas P, Tsai, Pei-Chien, Yet, Idil, Bell, Jordana T, Mangino, Massimo, Tanaka, Toshiko, McRae, Allan F, Marioni, Riccardo E, Visscher, Peter M, Wray, Naomi R, Deary, Ian J, Levine, Morgan E, Quach, Austin, Assimes, Themistocles, Tsao, Philip S, Absher, Devin, Stewart, James D, Li, Yun, Reiner, Alex P, Hou, Lifang, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Whitsel, Eric A, Aviv, Abraham, Cardona, Alexia, Day, Felix R, Wareham, Nicholas J, Perry, John RB, Ong, Ken K, Raj, Kenneth, Lunetta, Kathryn L, and Horvath, Steve

Subjects
Leukocytes, Cells, Cultured, Telomere, Fibroblasts, Humans, Telomerase, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, CpG Islands, Aging, Menopause, Menarche, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Child, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Young Adult, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Cells, Cultured, Epigenesis, Genetic, and over
Abstract

DNA methylation age is an accurate biomarker of chronological age and predicts lifespan, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. In this genome-wide association study of 9907 individuals, we find gene variants mapping to five loci associated with intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA) and gene variants in three loci associated with extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA). Mendelian randomization analysis suggests causal influences of menarche and menopause on IEAA and lipoproteins on IEAA and EEAA. Variants associated with longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) paradoxically confer higher IEAA (P

Published
2018

29. Erratum: Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls.

Author

Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Mahajan, Anubha, Teslovich, Tanya M, Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J, Caulkins, Lizz, Koesterer, Ryan, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J, Rivas, Manuel A, Perry, John RB, Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W, Robertson, Neil R, Rayner, N William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E, Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M, Dupuis, Josee, Chines, Peter S, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U, Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R, van de Bunt, Martijn, Pearson, Richard D, Kumar, Ashish, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M, Gamazon, Eric R, Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A, Below, Jennifer E, Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L, Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen CJ, Varga, Tibor V, Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L, Day-Williams, Aaron G, Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min-Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng-Han, Maxwell, Taylor J, Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P, Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F, Han, Bok-Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie CY, Palmer, Nicholette D, Balkau, Beverley, Stančáková, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E, Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D, Neale, Benjamin M, Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S, Howson, Joanna MM, Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, and Lam, Vincent KL

Abstract

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.179.

Published
2018

30. Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls.

Author

Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Mahajan, Anubha, Teslovich, Tanya M, Agarwala, Vineeta, Gaulton, Kyle J, Caulkins, Lizz, Koesterer, Ryan, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, McCarthy, Davis J, Rivas, Manuel A, Perry, John RB, Sim, Xueling, Blackwell, Thomas W, Robertson, Neil R, Rayner, N William, Cingolani, Pablo, Locke, Adam E, Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Highland, Heather M, Dupuis, Josee, Chines, Peter S, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Hartl, Christopher, Jackson, Anne U, Chen, Han, Huyghe, Jeroen R, van de Bunt, Martijn, Pearson, Richard D, Kumar, Ashish, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Grarup, Niels, Stringham, Heather M, Gamazon, Eric R, Lee, Jaehoon, Chen, Yuhui, Scott, Robert A, Below, Jennifer E, Chen, Peng, Huang, Jinyan, Go, Min Jin, Stitzel, Michael L, Pasko, Dorota, Parker, Stephen CJ, Varga, Tibor V, Green, Todd, Beer, Nicola L, Day-Williams, Aaron G, Ferreira, Teresa, Fingerlin, Tasha, Horikoshi, Momoko, Hu, Cheng, Huh, Iksoo, Ikram, Mohammad Kamran, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Yongkang, Kim, Young Jin, Kwon, Min-Seok, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Selyeong, Lin, Keng-Han, Maxwell, Taylor J, Nagai, Yoshihiko, Wang, Xu, Welch, Ryan P, Yoon, Joon, Zhang, Weihua, Barzilai, Nir, Voight, Benjamin F, Han, Bok-Ghee, Jenkinson, Christopher P, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Manning, Alisa, Ng, Maggie CY, Palmer, Nicholette D, Balkau, Beverley, Stančáková, Alena, Abboud, Hanna E, Boeing, Heiner, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Gottesman, Omri, Scott, James, Carey, Jason, Kwan, Phoenix, Grant, George, Smith, Joshua D, Neale, Benjamin M, Purcell, Shaun, Butterworth, Adam S, Howson, Joanna MM, Lee, Heung Man, Lu, Yingchang, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Zhao, Wei, Danesh, John, and Lam, Vincent KL

Subjects
Humans, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genetic Variation, Diabetes, Human Genome, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine
Abstract

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.

Published
2017

31. An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans

Author

Scott, Robert A, Scott, Laura J, Mägi, Reedik, Marullo, Letizia, Gaulton, Kyle J, Kaakinen, Marika, Pervjakova, Natalia, Pers, Tune H, Johnson, Andrew D, Eicher, John D, Jackson, Anne U, Ferreira, Teresa, Lee, Yeji, Ma, Clement, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Qi, Lu, Van Zuydam, Natalie R, Mahajan, Anubha, Chen, Han, Almgren, Peter, Voight, Ben F, Grallert, Harald, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Ried, Janina S, Rayner, William N, Robertson, Neil, Karssen, Lennart C, van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M, Willems, Sara M, Fuchsberger, Christian, Kwan, Phoenix, Teslovich, Tanya M, Chanda, Pritam, Li, Man, Lu, Yingchang, Dina, Christian, Thuillier, Dorothee, Yengo, Loic, Jiang, Longda, Sparso, Thomas, Kestler, Hans A, Chheda, Himanshu, Eisele, Lewin, Gustafsson, Stefan, Frånberg, Mattias, Strawbridge, Rona J, Benediktsson, Rafn, Hreidarsson, Astradur B, Kong, Augustine, Sigurðsson, Gunnar, Kerrison, Nicola D, Luan, Jian'an, Liang, Liming, Meitinger, Thomas, Roden, Michael, Thorand, Barbara, Esko, Tõnu, Mihailov, Evelin, Fox, Caroline, Liu, Ching-Ti, Rybin, Denis, Isomaa, Bo, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Couper, David J, Pankow, James S, Grarup, Niels, Have, Christian T, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jørgensen, Torben, Linneberg, Allan, Cornelis, Marilyn C, van Dam, Rob M, Hunter, David J, Kraft, Peter, Sun, Qi, Edkins, Sarah, Owen, Katharine R, Perry, John RB, Wood, Andrew R, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Tajes-Fernandes, Juan, Abecasis, Goncalo R, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Chines, Peter S, Stringham, Heather M, Koistinen, Heikki A, Kinnunen, Leena, Sennblad, Bengt, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Nöthen, Markus M, Pechlivanis, Sonali, Baldassarre, Damiano, Gertow, Karl, Humphries, Steve E, Tremoli, Elena, Klopp, Norman, Meyer, Julia, and Steinbach, Gerald

Subjects
Human Genome, Diabetes, Obesity, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Metabolic and endocrine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, White People, DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

To characterize type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multiethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D case and 38,994 or 71,604 control subjects). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci (P < 5 × 10-8), including variants near the GLP2R, GIP, and HLA-DQA1 genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci. Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common single nucleotide variants. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion and in adipocytes, monocytes, and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.

Published
2017

34. Large-scale GWAS identifies multiple loci for hand grip strength providing biological insights into muscular fitness.

Author

Willems, Sara M, Wright, Daniel J, Day, Felix R, Trajanoska, Katerina, Joshi, Peter K, Morris, John A, Matteini, Amy M, Garton, Fleur C, Grarup, Niels, Oskolkov, Nikolay, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Mangino, Massimo, Liu, Jun, Demirkan, Ayse, Lek, Monkol, Xu, Liwen, Wang, Guan, Oldmeadow, Christopher, Gaulton, Kyle J, Lotta, Luca A, Miyamoto-Mikami, Eri, Rivas, Manuel A, White, Tom, Loh, Po-Ru, Aadahl, Mette, Amin, Najaf, Attia, John R, Austin, Krista, Benyamin, Beben, Brage, Søren, Cheng, Yu-Ching, Cięszczyk, Paweł, Derave, Wim, Eriksson, Karl-Fredrik, Eynon, Nir, Linneberg, Allan, Lucia, Alejandro, Massidda, Myosotis, Mitchell, Braxton D, Miyachi, Motohiko, Murakami, Haruka, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Pandey, Ashutosh, Papadimitriou, Ioannis, Rajpal, Deepak K, Sale, Craig, Schnurr, Theresia M, Sessa, Francesco, Shrine, Nick, Tobin, Martin D, Varley, Ian, Wain, Louise V, Wray, Naomi R, Lindgren, Cecilia M, MacArthur, Daniel G, Waterworth, Dawn M, McCarthy, Mark I, Pedersen, Oluf, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiel, Douglas P, GEFOS Any-Type of Fracture Consortium, Pitsiladis, Yannis, Fuku, Noriyuki, Franks, Paul W, North, Kathryn N, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Mather, Karen A, Hansen, Torben, Hansson, Ola, Spector, Tim, Murabito, Joanne M, Richards, J Brent, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Langenberg, Claudia, Perry, John RB, Wareham, Nick J, and Scott, Robert A

Subjects
GEFOS Any-Type of Fracture Consortium, Hand, Humans, Actins, Transforming Growth Factor alpha, Membrane Proteins, Neoplasm Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Repressor Proteins, Hand Strength, Cohort Studies, Genetics, Population, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci, United Kingdom, Prevention, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Musculoskeletal
Abstract

Hand grip strength is a widely used proxy of muscular fitness, a marker of frailty, and predictor of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. To investigate the genetic determinants of variation in grip strength, we perform a large-scale genetic discovery analysis in a combined sample of 195,180 individuals and identify 16 loci associated with grip strength (P

Published
2017

35. A Low-Frequency Inactivating Akt2 Variant Enriched in the Finnish Population is Associated With Fasting Insulin Levels and Type 2 Diabetes Risk.

Author

Manning, Alisa, Highland, Heather M, Gasser, Jessica, Sim, Xueling, Tukiainen, Taru, Fontanillas, Pierre, Grarup, Niels, Rivas, Manuel A, Mahajan, Anubha, Locke, Adam E, Cingolani, Pablo, Pers, Tune H, Viñuela, Ana, Brown, Andrew A, Wu, Ying, Flannick, Jason, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gamazon, Eric R, Gaulton, Kyle J, Im, Hae Kyung, Teslovich, Tanya M, Blackwell, Thomas W, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Burtt, Noël P, Chen, Yuhui, Green, Todd, Hartl, Christopher, Kang, Hyun Min, Kumar, Ashish, Ladenvall, Claes, Ma, Clement, Moutsianas, Loukas, Pearson, Richard D, Perry, John RB, Rayner, N William, Robertson, Neil R, Scott, Laura J, van de Bunt, Martijn, Eriksson, Johan G, Jula, Antti, Koskinen, Seppo, Lehtimäki, Terho, Palotie, Aarno, Raitakari, Olli T, Jacobs, Suzanne BR, Wessel, Jennifer, Chu, Audrey Y, Scott, Robert A, Goodarzi, Mark O, Blancher, Christine, Buck, Gemma, Buck, David, Chines, Peter S, Gabriel, Stacey, Gjesing, Anette P, Groves, Christopher J, Hollensted, Mette, Huyghe, Jeroen R, Jackson, Anne U, Jun, Goo, Justesen, Johanne Marie, Mangino, Massimo, Murphy, Jacquelyn, Neville, Matt, Onofrio, Robert, Small, Kerrin S, Stringham, Heather M, Trakalo, Joseph, Banks, Eric, Carey, Jason, Carneiro, Mauricio O, DePristo, Mark, Farjoun, Yossi, Fennell, Timothy, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, Grant, George, Hrabé de Angelis, Martin, Maguire, Jared, Neale, Benjamin M, Poplin, Ryan, Purcell, Shaun, Schwarzmayr, Thomas, Shakir, Khalid, Smith, Joshua D, Strom, Tim M, Wieland, Thomas, Lindstrom, Jaana, Brandslund, Ivan, Christensen, Cramer, Surdulescu, Gabriela L, Lakka, Timo A, Doney, Alex SF, Nilsson, Peter, Wareham, Nicholas J, Langenberg, Claudia, Varga, Tibor V, Franks, Paul W, Rolandsson, Olov, Rosengren, Anders H, and Farook, Vidya S

Subjects
Genetics, Diabetes, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Black or African American, Alleles, Asian People, Case-Control Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Finland, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Odds Ratio, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, White People, Medical and Health Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

To identify novel coding association signals and facilitate characterization of mechanisms influencing glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes risk, we analyzed 109,215 variants derived from exome array genotyping together with an additional 390,225 variants from exome sequence in up to 39,339 normoglycemic individuals from five ancestry groups. We identified a novel association between the coding variant (p.Pro50Thr) in AKT2 and fasting plasma insulin (FI), a gene in which rare fully penetrant mutations are causal for monogenic glycemic disorders. The low-frequency allele is associated with a 12% increase in FI levels. This variant is present at 1.1% frequency in Finns but virtually absent in individuals from other ancestries. Carriers of the FI-increasing allele had increased 2-h insulin values, decreased insulin sensitivity, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.05). In cellular studies, the AKT2-Thr50 protein exhibited a partial loss of function. We extend the allelic spectrum for coding variants in AKT2 associated with disorders of glucose homeostasis and demonstrate bidirectional effects of variants within the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT2.

Published
2017

36. Integrative genomic analysis implicates limited peripheral adipose storage capacity in the pathogenesis of human insulin resistance

Author

Lotta, Luca A, Gulati, Pawan, Day, Felix R, Payne, Felicity, Ongen, Halit, van de Bunt, Martijn, Gaulton, Kyle J, Eicher, John D, Sharp, Stephen J, Luan, Jian'an, De Lucia Rolfe, Emanuella, Stewart, Isobel D, Wheeler, Eleanor, Willems, Sara M, Adams, Claire, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Forouhi, Nita G, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Johnson, Andrew D, Semple, Robert K, Frayling, Timothy, Perry, John RB, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, McCarthy, Mark I, Barroso, Inês, Wareham, Nicholas J, Savage, David B, Langenberg, Claudia, O'Rahilly, Stephen, and Scott, Robert A

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Clinical Research, Human Genome, Genetics, Diabetes, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Blood Glucose, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomics, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Mice, Obesity, Phenotype, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, Cambridge FPLD1 Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Agricultural biotechnology, Bioinformatics and computational biology
Abstract

Insulin resistance is a key mediator of obesity-related cardiometabolic disease, yet the mechanisms underlying this link remain obscure. Using an integrative genomic approach, we identify 53 genomic regions associated with insulin resistance phenotypes (higher fasting insulin levels adjusted for BMI, lower HDL cholesterol levels and higher triglyceride levels) and provide evidence that their link with higher cardiometabolic risk is underpinned by an association with lower adipose mass in peripheral compartments. Using these 53 loci, we show a polygenic contribution to familial partial lipodystrophy type 1, a severe form of insulin resistance, and highlight shared molecular mechanisms in common/mild and rare/severe insulin resistance. Population-level genetic analyses combined with experiments in cellular models implicate CCDC92, DNAH10 and L3MBTL3 as previously unrecognized molecules influencing adipocyte differentiation. Our findings support the notion that limited storage capacity of peripheral adipose tissue is an important etiological component in insulin-resistant cardiometabolic disease and highlight genes and mechanisms underpinning this link.

Published
2017

37. Immune cells lacking Y chromosome show dysregulation of autosomal gene expression

Author

Dumanski, Jan P., Halvardson, Jonatan, Davies, Hanna, Rychlicka-Buniowska, Edyta, Mattisson, Jonas, Moghadam, Behrooz Torabi, Nagy, Noemi, Węglarczyk, Kazimierz, Bukowska-Strakova, Karolina, Danielsson, Marcus, Olszewski, Paweł, Piotrowski, Arkadiusz, Oerton, Erin, Ambicka, Aleksandra, Przewoźnik, Marcin, Bełch, Łukasz, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Chłosta, Piotr L., Imreh, Stefan, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Kilander, Lena, Nordlund, Jessica, Ameur, Adam, Gyllensten, Ulf, Johansson, Åsa, Józkowicz, Alicja, Siedlar, Maciej, Klich-Rączka, Alicja, Jaszczyński, Janusz, Enroth, Stefan, Baran, Jarosław, Ingelsson, Martin, Perry, John R. B., Ryś, Janusz, and Forsberg, Lars A.

Published
2021
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39. Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability

Author

Lagou, Vasiliki, Mägi, Reedik, Hottenga, Jouke- Jan, Grallert, Harald, Perry, John R. B., Bouatia-Naji, Nabila, Marullo, Letizia, Rybin, Denis, Jansen, Rick, Min, Josine L., Dimas, Antigone S., Ulrich, Anna, Zudina, Liudmila, Gådin, Jesper R., Jiang, Longda, Faggian, Alessia, Bonnefond, Amélie, Fadista, Joao, Stathopoulou, Maria G., Isaacs, Aaron, Willems, Sara M., Navarro, Pau, Tanaka, Toshiko, Jackson, Anne U., Montasser, May E., O’Connell, Jeff R., Bielak, Lawrence F., Webster, Rebecca J., Saxena, Richa, Stafford, Jeanette M., Pourcain, Beate St, Timpson, Nicholas J., Salo, Perttu, Shin, So-Youn, Amin, Najaf, Smith, Albert V., Li, Guo, Verweij, Niek, Goel, Anuj, Ford, Ian, Johnson, Paul C. D., Johnson, Toby, Kapur, Karen, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Strawbridge, Rona J., Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Esko, Tõnu, Mihailov, Evelin, Fall, Tove, Fraser, Ross M., Mahajan, Anubha, Kanoni, Stavroula, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Kleber, Marcus E., Silbernagel, Günther, Meyer, Julia, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Ganna, Andrea, Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Yengo, Loic, Shungin, Dmitry, Luan, Jian’an, Horikoshi, Momoko, An, Ping, Sanna, Serena, Boettcher, Yvonne, Rayner, N. William, Nolte, Ilja M., Zemunik, Tatijana, Iperen, Erik van, Kovacs, Peter, Hastie, Nicholas D., Wild, Sarah H., McLachlan, Stela, Campbell, Susan, Polasek, Ozren, Carlson, Olga, Egan, Josephine, Kiess, Wieland, Willemsen, Gonneke, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Dimitriou, Maria, Hicks, Andrew A., Rauramaa, Rainer, Bandinelli, Stefania, Thorand, Barbara, Liu, Yongmei, Miljkovic, Iva, Lind, Lars, Doney, Alex, Perola, Markus, Hingorani, Aroon, Kivimaki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Bennett, Amanda J., Groves, Christopher J., Herder, Christian, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kinnunen, Leena, Faire, Ulf de, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Uusitupa, Matti, Palmer, Colin N. A., Jukema, J. Wouter, Sattar, Naveed, Pouta, Anneli, Snieder, Harold, Boerwinkle, Eric, Pankow, James S., Magnusson, Patrik K., Krus, Ulrika, Scapoli, Chiara, de Geus, Eco J. C. N., Blüher, Matthias, Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R., Province, Michael A., Abecasis, Goncalo R., Meigs, James B., Hovingh, G. Kees, Lindström, Jaana, Wilson, James F., Wright, Alan F., Dedoussis, George V., Bornstein, Stefan R., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Tönjes, Anke, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Boehm, Bernhard O., März, Winfried, Metspalu, Andres, Price, Jackie F., Deloukas, Panos, Körner, Antje, Lakka, Timo A., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Saaristo, Timo E., Bergman, Richard N., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Wareham, Nicholas J., Langenberg, Claudia, Männistö, Satu, Franks, Paul W., Hayward, Caroline, Vitart, Veronique, Kaprio, Jaakko, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Balkau, Beverley, Altshuler, David, Rudan, Igor, Stumvoll, Michael, Campbell, Harry, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Gieger, Christian, Illig, Thomas, Ferrucci, Luigi, Pedersen, Nancy L., Pramstaller, Peter P., Boehnke, Michael, Frayling, Timothy M., Shuldiner, Alan R., Peyser, Patricia A., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Palmer, Lyle J., Penninx, Brenda W., Meneton, Pierre, Harris, Tamara B., Navis, Gerjan, Harst, Pim van der, Smith, George Davey, Forouhi, Nita G., Loos, Ruth J. F., Salomaa, Veikko, Soranzo, Nicole, Boomsma, Dorret I., Groop, Leif, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Hofman, Albert, Munroe, Patricia B., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Siscovick, David S., Watkins, Hugh, Lecoeur, Cecile, Vollenweider, Peter, Franco-Cereceda, Anders, Eriksson, Per, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Stefansson, Kari, Hamsten, Anders, Nicholson, George, Karpe, Fredrik, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T., Lindgren, Cecilia M., McCarthy, Mark I., Froguel, Philippe, Kaakinen, Marika A., Lyssenko, Valeriya, Watanabe, Richard M., Ingelsson, Erik, Florez, Jose C., Dupuis, Josée, Barroso, Inês, Morris, Andrew P., and Prokopenko, Inga

Published
2021
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40. Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age

Author

Ip, Hill F., van der Laan, Camiel M., Krapohl, Eva M. L., Brikell, Isabell, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Nolte, Ilja M., St Pourcain, Beate, Bolhuis, Koen, Palviainen, Teemu, Zafarmand, Hadi, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Gordon, Scott, Zayats, Tetyana, Aliev, Fazil, Jiang, Chang, Wang, Carol A., Saunders, Gretchen, Karhunen, Ville, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Adkins, Daniel E., Border, Richard, Peterson, Roseann E., Prinz, Joseph A., Thiering, Elisabeth, Seppälä, Ilkka, Vilor-Tejedor, Natàlia, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Day, Felix R., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Allegrini, Andrea G., Rimfeld, Kaili, Chen, Qi, Lu, Yi, Martin, Joanna, Soler Artigas, María, Rovira, Paula, Bosch, Rosa, Español, Gemma, Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Neumann, Alexander, Ensink, Judith, Grasby, Katrina, Morosoli, José J., Tong, Xiaoran, Marrington, Shelby, Middeldorp, Christel, Scott, James G., Vinkhuyzen, Anna, Shabalin, Andrey A., Corley, Robin, Evans, Luke M., Sugden, Karen, Alemany, Silvia, Sass, Lærke, Vinding, Rebecca, Ruth, Kate, Tyrrell, Jess, Davies, Gareth E., Ehli, Erik A., Hagenbeek, Fiona A., De Zeeuw, Eveline, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C.E.M., Larsson, Henrik, Snieder, Harold, Verhulst, Frank C., Amin, Najaf, Whipp, Alyce M., Korhonen, Tellervo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rose, Richard J., Uitterlinden, André G., Heath, Andrew C., Madden, Pamela, Haavik, Jan, Harris, Jennifer R., Helgeland, Øyvind, Johansson, Stefan, Knudsen, Gun Peggy S., Njolstad, Pal Rasmus, Lu, Qing, Rodriguez, Alina, Henders, Anjali K., Mamun, Abdullah, Najman, Jackob M., Brown, Sandy, Hopfer, Christian, Krauter, Kenneth, Reynolds, Chandra, Smolen, Andrew, Stallings, Michael, Wadsworth, Sally, Wall, Tamara L., Silberg, Judy L., Miller, Allison, Keltikangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Hakulinen, Christian, Pulkki-Råback, Laura, Havdahl, Alexandra, Magnus, Per, Raitakari, Olli T., Perry, John R. B., Llop, Sabrina, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bisgaard, Hans, Sunyer, Jordi, Lehtimäki, Terho, Arseneault, Louise, Standl, Marie, Heinrich, Joachim, Boden, Joseph, Pearson, John, Horwood, L. John, Kennedy, Martin, Poulton, Richie, Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Hewitt, John, Copeland, William E., Costello, Elizabeth J., Williams, Gail M., Wray, Naomi, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, McGue, Matt, Iacono, William, Caspi, Avshalom, Moffitt, Terrie E., Whitehouse, Andrew, Pennell, Craig E., Klump, Kelly L., Burt, S. Alexandra, Dick, Danielle M., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Vrijkotte, Tanja, Kaprio, Jaakko, Tiemeier, Henning, Davey Smith, George, Hartman, Catharina A., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Casas, Miquel, Ribasés, Marta, Lichtenstein, Paul, Lundström, Sebastian, Plomin, Robert, Bartels, Meike, Nivard, Michel G., and Boomsma, Dorret I.

Published
2021
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43. Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus

Author

Mathieson, Iain, Day, Felix R., Barban, Nicola, Tropf, Felix C., Brazel, David M., van Heemst, Diana, Vaez, Ahmad, van Zuydam, Natalie, Bitarello, Bárbara D., Gardner, Eugene J., Akimova, Evelina T., Azad, Ajuna, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Bosak, Kristina, Brumat, Marco, Buring, Julie E., Cesarini, David, Chasman, Daniel I., Chavarro, Jorge E., Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Davey Smith, George, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J., Esko, Tõnu, Faul, Jessica D., Franco, Oscar, Ganna, Andrea, Gaskins, Audrey J., Gelemanovic, Andrea, de Geus, Eco J. C., Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Gopinath, Bamini, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, Gunderson, Erica P., Hayward, Caroline, He, Chunyan, Hill, W. David, Hoffmann, Eva R., Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Huang, Hongyang, Hyppӧnen, Elina, Ikram, M. Arfan, Jansen, Rick, Johannesson, Magnus, Kamali, Zoha, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kavousi, Maryam, Kifley, Annette, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Kraft, Peter, Kühnel, Brigitte, Langenberg, Claudia, Liew, Gerald, van der Most, Peter J., Lind, Penelope A., Luan, Jian’an, Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mahajan, Anubha, Martin, Nicholas G., Mbarek, Hamdi, McCarthy, Mark I., McMahon, George, Medland, Sarah E., Meitinger, Thomas, Metspalu, Andres, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Missmer, Stacey A., Mitchell, Paul, Møllegaard, Stine, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morgan, Anna, de Mutsert, Renée, Nauck, Matthias, Nolte, Ilja M., Noordam, Raymond, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polašek, Ozren, Power, Chris, Pribisalic, Ajka, Redmond, Paul, Rich-Edwards, Janet W., Ridker, Paul M., Rietveld, Cornelius A., Ring, Susan M., Rose, Lynda M., Rueedi, Rico, Shukla, Vallari, Smith, Jennifer A., Stankovic, Stasa, Stefánsson, Kári, Stöckl, Doris, Strauch, Konstantin, Swertz, Morris A., Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thurik, A. Roy, Timpson, Nicholas J., Turman, Constance, Uitterlinden, André G., Waldenberger, Melanie, Wareham, Nicholas J., Weir, David R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Zhao, Jing Hau, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Yajie, Snieder, Harold, den Hoed, Marcel, Ong, Ken K., Mills, Melinda C., Perry, John R. B., Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, AMS - Sports, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Epidemiology, Applied Economics, Internal Medicine, Mathieson, Iain, Day, Felix R, Barban, Nicola, Tropf, Felix C, Hyppӧnen, Elina, Perry, John RB, eQTLGen Consortium, BIOS Consortium, FinnGen Study, Lifelines Cohort Study, Brazel, David M, Vaez, Ahmad, van Zuydam, Natalie, Bitarello, Bárbara D, Gardner, Eugene J, Akimova, Evelina T, Azad, Ajuna, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Bosak, Kristina, Brumat, Marco, Buring, Julie E, Cesarini, David, Chasman, Daniel I, Chavarro, Jorge E, Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Davey Smith, George, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J, Esko, Tõnu, Faul, Jessica D, Franco, Oscar, Ganna, Andrea, Gaskins, Audrey J, Gelemanovic, Andrea, de Geus, Eco J C, Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Gopinath, Bamini, Grabe, Hans Jörgen, Gunderson, Erica P, Hayward, Caroline, He, Chunyan, van Heemst, Diana, Hill, W David, Hoffmann, Eva R, Homuth, Georg, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Huang, Hongyang, Ikram, M Arfan, Jansen, Rick, Johannesson, Magnu, Kamali, Zoha, Kardia, Sharon L R, Kavousi, Maryam, Kifley, Annette, Kiiskinen, Tuomo, Kraft, Peter, Kühnel, Brigitte, Langenberg, Claudia, Liew, Gerald, Lind, Penelope A, Luan, Jian'an, Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Mahajan, Anubha, Martin, Nicholas G, Mbarek, Hamdi, McCarthy, Mark I, McMahon, George, Medland, Sarah E, Meitinger, Thoma, Metspalu, Andre, Mihailov, Evelin, Milani, Lili, Missmer, Stacey A, Mitchell, Paul, Møllegaard, Stine, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Morgan, Anna, van der Most, Peter J, de Mutsert, Renée, Nauck, Matthia, Nolte, Ilja M, Noordam, Raymond, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A, Polašek, Ozren, Power, Chri, Pribisalic, Ajka, Redmond, Paul, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Ridker, Paul M, Rietveld, Cornelius A, Ring, Susan M, Rose, Lynda M, Rueedi, Rico, Shukla, Vallari, Smith, Jennifer A, Stankovic, Stasa, Stefánsson, Kári, Stöckl, Dori, Strauch, Konstantin, Swertz, Morris A, Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thurik, A Roy, Timpson, Nicholas J, Turman, Constance, Uitterlinden, André G, Waldenberger, Melanie, Wareham, Nicholas J, Weir, David R, Willemsen, Gonneke, Zhao, Jing Hau, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Yajie, Snieder, Harold, den Hoed, Marcel, Ong, Ken K, Mills, Melinda C, Perry, John R B, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep

Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience, Endocrine reproductive disorders Genome-wide association studies, Social Psychology, genome-wide association studies, TERM BALANCING SELECTION, QUALITY-CONTROL, ASSOCIATION, VARIANTS, GWAS, HERITABILITY, METAANALYSIS, ADAPTATION, SIGNATURES, EQTL, endocrine reproductive disorders, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Bristol Population Health Science Institute
Abstract

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Identifying genetic determinants of reproductive success may highlight mechanisms underlying fertility and identify alleles under present-day selection. Using data in 785,604 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 43 genomic loci associated with either number of children ever born (NEB) or childlessness. These loci span diverse aspects of reproductive biology, including puberty timing, age at first birth, sex hormone regulation, endometriosis and age at menopause. Missense variants in ARHGAP27 were associated with higher NEB but shorter reproductive lifespan, suggesting a trade-off at this locus between reproductive ageing and intensity. Other genes implicated by coding variants include PIK3IP1, ZFP82 and LRP4, and our results suggest a new role for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in reproductive biology. As NEB is one component of evolutionary fitness, our identified associations indicate loci under present-day natural selection. Integration with data from historical selection scans highlighted an allele in the FADS1/2 gene locus that has been under selection for thousands of years and remains so today. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that a broad range of biological mechanisms contribute to reproductive success.

Published
2023

44. Crystal Structure of Human DNA Methyltransferase 1

Author

Zhang, Zhi-Min, Liu, Shuo, Lin, Krystal, Luo, Youfu, Perry, John Jefferson, Wang, Yinsheng, and Song, Jikui

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Aetiology, Generic health relevance, Amino Acid Sequence, Catalytic Domain, Crystallography, X-Ray, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases, Homeostasis, Humans, Models, Molecular, Mutation, Protein Binding, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Zinc Fingers, DNA methylation, DNMT1, epigenetics, allosteric regulation, autoinhibition, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) is responsible for propagating the DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication. DNMT1 contains, in addition to a C-terminal methyltransferase domain, a large N-terminal regulatory region that is composed of an RFTS (replication foci targeting sequence) domain, a CXXC zinc finger domain and a pair of BAH (bromo adjacent homology) domains. The regulatory domains of DNMT1 mediate a network of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions to control the recruitment and enzymatic activity of DNMT1. Here we report the crystal structure of human DNMT1 with all the structural domains (hDNMT1, residues 351-1600) in complex with S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine at 2.62Å resolution. The RFTS domain directly associates with the methyltransferase domain, thereby inhibiting the substrate binding of hDNMT1. Through structural analysis, mutational, biochemical and enzymatic studies, we further identify that a linker sequence between the CXXC and BAH1 domains, aside from its role in the CXXC domain-mediated DNMT1 autoinhibition, serves as an important regulatory element in the RFTS domain-mediated autoinhibition. In comparison with the previously determined structure of mouse DNMT1, this study also reveals a number of distinct structural features that may underlie subtle functional diversity observed for the two orthologues. In addition, this structure provides a framework for understanding the functional consequence of disease-related hDNMT1 mutations.

Published
2015

45. Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations

Author

Joshi, Peter K, Esko, Tonu, Mattsson, Hannele, Eklund, Niina, Gandin, Ilaria, Nutile, Teresa, Jackson, Anne U, Schurmann, Claudia, Smith, Albert V, Zhang, Weihua, Okada, Yukinori, Stančáková, Alena, Faul, Jessica D, Zhao, Wei, Bartz, Traci M, Concas, Maria Pina, Franceschini, Nora, Enroth, Stefan, Vitart, Veronique, Trompet, Stella, Guo, Xiuqing, Chasman, Daniel I, O'Connel, Jeffrey R, Corre, Tanguy, Nongmaithem, Suraj S, Chen, Yuning, Mangino, Massimo, Ruggiero, Daniela, Traglia, Michela, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Kacprowski, Tim, Bjonnes, Andrew, van der Spek, Ashley, Wu, Ying, Giri, Anil K, Yanek, Lisa R, Wang, Lihua, Hofer, Edith, Rietveld, Cornelius A, McLeod, Olga, Cornelis, Marilyn C, Pattaro, Cristian, Verweij, Niek, Baumbach, Clemens, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Warren, Helen R, Vuckovic, Dragana, Mei, Hao, Bouchard, Claude, Perry, John RB, Cappellani, Stefania, Mirza, Saira S, Benton, Miles C, Broeckel, Ulrich, Medland, Sarah E, Lind, Penelope A, Malerba, Giovanni, Drong, Alexander, Yengo, Loic, Bielak, Lawrence F, Zhi, Degui, van der Most, Peter J, Shriner, Daniel, Mägi, Reedik, Hemani, Gibran, Karaderi, Tugce, Wang, Zhaoming, Liu, Tian, Demuth, Ilja, Zhao, Jing Hua, Meng, Weihua, Lataniotis, Lazaros, van der Laan, Sander W, Bradfield, Jonathan P, Wood, Andrew R, Bonnefond, Amelie, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S, Hall, Leanne M, Salvi, Erika, Yazar, Seyhan, Carstensen, Lisbeth, de Haan, Hugoline G, Abney, Mark, Afzal, Uzma, Allison, Matthew A, Amin, Najaf, Asselbergs, Folkert W, Bakker, Stephan JL, Barr, R Graham, Baumeister, Sebastian E, Benjamin, Daniel J, Bergmann, Sven, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bottinger, Erwin P, Campbell, Archie, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chan, Yingleong, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Constance, and Chen, Y-D Ida

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Clinical Research, Human Genome, Biological Evolution, Blood Pressure, Body Height, Cholesterol, LDL, Cognition, Cohort Studies, Educational Status, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Genome, Human, Homozygote, Humans, Lung Volume Measurements, Male, Phenotype, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.

Published
2015

46. Associations between Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors and Alzheimer Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Author

Østergaard, Søren D, Mukherjee, Shubhabrata, Sharp, Stephen J, Proitsi, Petroula, Lotta, Luca A, Day, Felix, Perry, John RB, Boehme, Kevin L, Walter, Stefan, Kauwe, John S, Gibbons, Laura E, Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium, GERAD1 Consortium, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, Larson, Eric B, Powell, John F, Langenberg, Claudia, Crane, Paul K, Wareham, Nicholas J, and Scott, Robert A

Subjects
Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium, GERAD1 Consortium, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, Humans, Alzheimer Disease, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Risk Factors, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Female, Male, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Obesity, Cardiovascular, Diabetes, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Dementia, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Brain Disorders, Human Genome, Aging, Clinical Research, Genetics, Tobacco, Prevention, Neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's Disease, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Metabolic and endocrine, General & Internal Medicine, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundPotentially modifiable risk factors including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and represent promising targets for intervention. However, the causality of these associations is unclear. We sought to assess the causal nature of these associations using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods and findingsWe used SNPs associated with each risk factor as instrumental variables in MR analyses. We considered type 2 diabetes (T2D, NSNPs = 49), fasting glucose (NSNPs = 36), insulin resistance (NSNPs = 10), body mass index (BMI, NSNPs = 32), total cholesterol (NSNPs = 73), HDL-cholesterol (NSNPs = 71), LDL-cholesterol (NSNPs = 57), triglycerides (NSNPs = 39), systolic blood pressure (SBP, NSNPs = 24), smoking initiation (NSNPs = 1), smoking quantity (NSNPs = 3), university completion (NSNPs = 2), and years of education (NSNPs = 1). We calculated MR estimates of associations between each exposure and AD risk using an inverse-variance weighted approach, with summary statistics of SNP-AD associations from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project, comprising a total of 17,008 individuals with AD and 37,154 cognitively normal elderly controls. We found that genetically predicted higher SBP was associated with lower AD risk (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [15.4 mm Hg] of SBP [95% CI]: 0.75 [0.62-0.91]; p = 3.4 × 10(-3)). Genetically predicted higher SBP was also associated with a higher probability of taking antihypertensive medication (p = 6.7 × 10(-8)). Genetically predicted smoking quantity was associated with lower AD risk (OR per ten cigarettes per day [95% CI]: 0.67 [0.51-0.89]; p = 6.5 × 10(-3)), although we were unable to stratify by smoking history; genetically predicted smoking initiation was not associated with AD risk (OR = 0.70 [0.37, 1.33]; p = 0.28). We saw no evidence of causal associations between glycemic traits, T2D, BMI, or educational attainment and risk of AD (all p > 0.1). Potential limitations of this study include the small proportion of intermediate trait variance explained by genetic variants and other implicit limitations of MR analyses.ConclusionsInherited lifetime exposure to higher SBP is associated with lower AD risk. These findings suggest that higher blood pressure--or some environmental exposure associated with higher blood pressure, such as use of antihypertensive medications--may reduce AD risk.

Published
2015

47. Whole-genome sequencing to understand the genetic architecture of common gene expression and biomarker phenotypes

Author

Wood, Andrew R, Tuke, Marcus A, Nalls, Mike, Hernandez, Dena, Gibbs, J Raphael, Lin, Haoxiang, Xu, Christopher S, Li, Qibin, Shen, Juan, Jun, Goo, Almeida, Marcio, Tanaka, Toshiko, Perry, John RB, Gaulton, Kyle, Rivas, Manny, Pearson, Richard, Curran, Joanne E, Johnson, Matthew P, Göring, Harald HH, Duggirala, Ravindranath, Blangero, John, Mccarthy, Mark I, Bandinelli, Stefania, Murray, Anna, Weedon, Michael N, Singleton, Andrew, Melzer, David, Ferrucci, Luigi, and Frayling, Timothy M

Subjects
Clinical Research, Human Genome, Genetics, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Markers, Genetic Variation, Genome, Human, Genotyping Techniques, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Young Adult, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Initial results from sequencing studies suggest that there are relatively few low-frequency (

Published
2015

48. A new method for imaging nuclear threats using cosmic ray muons

Author

Morris, C. L., Bacon, Jeffrey, Borozdin, Konstantin, Miyadera, Haruo, Perry, John, Rose, Evan, Watson, Scott, White, Timothy, Aberle, Derek, Green, J. Andrew, McDuff, George G., Lukić, Zarija, and Milner, Edward C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Muon tomography is a technique that uses cosmic ray muons to generate three dimensional images of volumes using information contained in the Coulomb scattering of the muons. Advantages of this technique are the ability of cosmic rays to penetrate significant overburden and the absence of any additional dose delivered to subjects under study above the natural cosmic ray flux. Disadvantages include the relatively long exposure times and poor position resolution and complex algorithms needed for reconstruction. Here we demonstrate a new method for obtaining improved position resolution and statistical precision for objects with spherical symmetry.

Published
2013

49. Parent-of-origin-specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche

Author

Perry, John RB, Day, Felix, Elks, Cathy E, Sulem, Patrick, Thompson, Deborah J, Ferreira, Teresa, He, Chunyan, Chasman, Daniel I, Esko, Tõnu, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Albrecht, Eva, Ang, Wei Q, Corre, Tanguy, Cousminer, Diana L, Feenstra, Bjarke, Franceschini, Nora, Ganna, Andrea, Johnson, Andrew D, Kjellqvist, Sanela, Lunetta, Kathryn L, McMahon, George, Nolte, Ilja M, Paternoster, Lavinia, Porcu, Eleonora, Smith, Albert V, Stolk, Lisette, Teumer, Alexander, Tšernikova, Natalia, Tikkanen, Emmi, Ulivi, Sheila, Wagner, Erin K, Amin, Najaf, Bierut, Laura J, Byrne, Enda M, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Koller, Daniel L, Mangino, Massimo, Pers, Tune H, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Hua Zhao, Jing, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Atsma, Femke, Bandinelli, Stefania, Beckmann, Matthias W, Benitez, Javier, Blomqvist, Carl, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Bonanni, Bernardo, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Buring, Julie E, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen, Chen, Jinhui, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Collée, J Margriet, Couch, Fergus J, Couper, David, Coviello, Andrea D, Cox, Angela, Czene, Kamila, D’adamo, Adamo Pio, Davey Smith, George, De Vivo, Immaculata, Demerath, Ellen W, Dennis, Joe, Devilee, Peter, Dieffenbach, Aida K, Dunning, Alison M, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Eriksson, Johan G, Fasching, Peter A, Ferrucci, Luigi, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Flyger, Henrik, Foroud, Tatiana, Franke, Lude, Garcia, Melissa E, García-Closas, Montserrat, Geller, Frank, de Geus, Eco EJ, Giles, Graham G, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guénel, Pascal, Guo, Suiqun, Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Haring, Robin, Hartman, Catharina A, Heath, Andrew C, Hofman, Albert, Hooning, Maartje J, Hopper, John L, Hu, Frank B, Hunter, David J, Karasik, David, and Kiel, Douglas P

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Contraception/Reproduction, Pediatric, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Adolescent, Age Factors, Alleles, Body Mass Index, Breast Neoplasms, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Europe, Female, Genetic Loci, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomic Imprinting, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Male, Membrane Proteins, Menarche, Obesity, Ovary, Parents, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain, Proteins, Quantitative Trait Loci, Receptors, GABA-B, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Ribonucleoproteins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, GENICA Network, kConFab, LifeLines Cohort Study, InterAct Consortium, Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality. Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation, but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence (P

Published
2014

50. Obtaining material identification with cosmic ray radiography

Author

Morris, Christopher, Borozdin, Konstantin, Bacon, Jeffrey, Chen, Elliott, Lukić, Zarija, Milner, Edward, Miyadera, Haruo, Perry, John, Schwellenbach, Dave, Aberle, Derek, Dreesen, Wendi, Green, J. Andrew, McDuff, George G., Nagamine, Kanetada, Sossong, Michael, Spore, Candace, and Toleman, Nathan

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The passage of muons through matter is mostly affected by their Coulomb interactions with electrons and nuclei. The muon interactions with electrons lead to continuous energy loss and stopping of muons, while their scattering off nuclei lead to angular 'diffusion'. By measuring both the number of stopped muons and angular changes in muon trajectories we can estimate density and identify materials. Here we demonstrate the material identification using data taken at Los Alamos with the Mini Muon Tracker., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Accepted to AIP Advances

Published
2012

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