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V článku analyzujeme cykličnost rizikových vah bank působících v České republice mezi lety 2008 a 2016. Rozlišujeme mezi rizikovými váhami pro přístup na základě interních modelů bank a na základě standardizovaného přístupu, uvažujeme jak cyklus hospodářský, tak cyklus finanční a používáme vlnkovou koherenci jako prostředek dynamické korelační analýzy. Naše výsledky ukazují, že rizikové váhy expozic spadající pod přístup založený na interních modelech bank jsou pro cyklické ve vztahu k finančnímu cyklu, a to včetně rizikových vah spjatých s expozicemi zajištěnými nemovitostmi. Také ukazujeme, že pro přístup založený na interních modelech bank je relevantní vliv měnící se kvality aktiv na rizikové váhy, což je v souladu s našimi očekáváními na základě regulatorních standardů. Naše výsledky mohou být použity pro účel rozhodování o aktivaci dohledových a makroobezřetnostních nástrojů včetně proticyklické kapitálové rezervy. We analyze the cyclicality of risk weights of banks in the Czech Republic from 2008 to 2016. We differentiate between risk weights under the internal ratings-based and those under the standardized approach, consider both the business cycle and the financial cycle, and employ wavelet coherence as a means of dynamic correlation analysis. Our results indicate that the risk weights of exposures under the internal ratings-based approach, including risk weights related to exposures secured by real estate collateral, are procyclical with respect to the financial cycle. We also show that the effect of changing asset quality on risk weights is present for the internal ratings-based approach, in line with our expectations based on regulatory standards. Our results can be employed for the purposes of decision-making on the activation of supervisory and macroprudential instruments, including the countercyclical capital buffer.

Over the last few years, national macroprudential authorities have developed different strategies for setting the countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) rate in the banking sector. The existing approaches are based on various indicators used to identify the current phase of the financial cycle. However, to our knowledge, there is no approach that directly takes into consideration banks' prudential behavior over the financial cycle as well as cyclical risks in the banking sector. In this paper, we propose a new profit-to-provisioning approach that can be used in the macroprudential decision-making process. We construct a new set of indicators that largely capture the risk of cyclicality of profit and loan loss provisions. We argue that banks should conserve a portion of the cyclically overestimated profit (non-materialized expected loss) in their capital during a financial boom. We evaluate the performance of our newly proposed indicators using two econometric exercises. Overall, they exhibit good statistical properties, are relevant to the CCyB decision-making process, and may contribute to a more precise assessment of both systemic risk accumulation and risk materialization. We believe that the relevance of the profit-to-provisioning approach and the related set of newly proposed indicators increases under IFRS 9.

Basel III responded to the financial crisis among other by redefining and expanding the capital requirements and by introduction of the liquidity requirements in the banking sector. Since banks' liquidity and capital positions influence each other through assets structure channel, asset quality channel and profitability channel, there exists a significant relationship among capital and liquidity regulatory tools. A bank can improve its capital and liquidity ratios by lowering risk-weighted assets (assets structure channel), but with the negative impact on the interest profit (profitability channel). We therefore aim to test the functionality of these two channels in relation to capital and liquidity positions in the Czech banking sector. We document the effect of the assets structure channel in case of liquidity and capital positions and effect of the profitability channel for the large banks. However, low profitability and introduction of a leverage ratio can limit the effect of assets structure channel on banks' capital positions. Web of Science 65 5 545 525