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12. Suicide numbers during the first 9-15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-existing trends: An interrupted time series analysis in 33 countries

Author

Pirkis, Jane, Gunnell, David, Shin, Sangsoo, Del Pozo-Banos, Marcos, Arya, Vikas, Aguilar, Pablo Analuisa, Appleby, Louis, Arafat, S. M. Yasir, Arensman, Ella, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose Luis, Balhara, Yatan Pal Singh, Bantjes, Jason, Baran, Anna, Behera, Chittaranjan, Bertolote, Jose, Borges, Guilherme, Bray, Michael, Brečić, Petrana, Caine, Eric, Calati, Raffaella, Carli, Vladimir, Castelpietra, Giulio, Chan, Lai Fong, Chang, Shu-Sen, Colchester, David, Coss-Guzmán, Maria, Crompton, David, Ćurković, Marko, Dandona, Rakhi, De Jaegere, Eva, De Leo, Diego, Deisenhammer, Eberhard A., Dwyer, Jeremy, Erlangsen, Annette, Faust, Jeremy S., Fornaro, Michele, Fortune, Sarah, Garrett, Andrew, Gentile, Guendalina, Gerstner, Rebekka, Gilissen, Renske, Gould, Madelyn, Gupta, Sudhir Kumar, Hawton, Keith, Holz, Franziska, Kamenshchikov, Iurii, Kapur, Navneet, Kasal, Alexandr, Khan, Murad, Kirtley, Olivia J., Knipe, Duleeka, Kõlves, Kairi, Kölzer, Sarah C., Krivda, Hryhorii, Leske, Stuart, Madeddu, Fabio, Marshall, Andrew, Memon, Anjum, Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor, Nestadt, Paul, Neznanov, Nikolay, Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas, Nielsen, Emma, Nordentoft, Merete, Oberlerchner, Herwig, O'Connor, Rory C., Papsdorf, Rainer, Partonen, Timo, Phillips, Michael R., Platt, Steve, Portzky, Gwendolyn, Psota, Georg, Qin, Ping, Radeloff, Daniel, Reif, Andreas, Reif-Leonhard, Christine, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Román-Vázquez, Nayda, Roskar, Saska, Rozanov, Vsevolod, Sara, Grant, Scavacini, Karen, Schneider, Barbara, Semenova, Natalia, Sinyor, Mark, Tambuzzi, Stefano, Townsend, Ellen, Ueda, Michiko, Wasserman, Danuta, Webb, Roger T., Winkler, Petr, Yip, Paul S.F., Zalsman, Gil, Zoja, Riccardo, John, Ann, and Spittal, Matthew J.

Published
2022
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14. Attributable risk of suicide for populations in Australia

Author

Bandara, Piumee, primary, Page, Andrew, additional, Reifels, Lennart, additional, Krysinska, Karolina, additional, Andriessen, Karl, additional, Schlichthorst, Marisa, additional, Flego, Anna, additional, Le, Long Khanh-Dao, additional, Mihalopoulos, Cathrine, additional, and Pirkis, Jane, additional

Published
2024
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15. Changes in Media Reporting Quality and Suicides Following National Media Engagement on Responsible Reporting of Suicide in Canada: Changements de la Qualité des reportages dans les médias sur les suicides suite à l’engagement des médias nationaux à la déclaration responsable du suicide au Canada

Author

Sinyor, Mark, primary, Ekstein, Daniella, additional, Prabaharan, Nivetha, additional, Fiksenbaum, Lisa, additional, Vandermeer, Caroline, additional, Schaffer, Ayal, additional, Pirkis, Jane, additional, Heisel, Marnin J., additional, Goldstein, Benjamin I., additional, Redelmeier, Donald A., additional, Taylor, Paul, additional, and Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas, additional

Published
2024
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18. Road vehicle collision suicide in Australia: Trends, collision types, and individual characteristics.

Author

Law, Phillip C. F., Too, Lay San, Spittal, Mathew J., Pirkis, Jane, and Clapperton, Angela J.

Subjects
SUICIDE, SUICIDE prevention, SUICIDE statistics, LOGISTIC regression analysis, EVIDENCE gaps
Abstract

Background: Suicide by road vehicle collision in Australia is under-explored with mixed findings. We aimed to address this research gap by examining time trends, different types of vehicle collision, and individual characteristics related to vehicle-collision suicide. Method: We retrospectively analyzed deaths by suicide between 1st January 2001 and 31st December 2017 in Australia, using coronial records from the National Coronial Information System. The travel mode used and collision counterpart were retrieved from records of death by vehicle-collision suicide using all available information. We conducted negative binomial regression analysis to examine annual changes in suicide rate by vehicle collision on a public road (N = 640) and other methods of suicide (N = 41,890), and logistic regression analysis to examine individual characteristics associated with the likelihood of dying by suicide via road vehicle collision. Results: Overall, the national suicide rate involving road vehicle collision significantly increased, while the rate by other methods significantly decreased. Drivers accounted for 61% of suicide events by vehicle collision, of which 72% were single-vehicle collisions (commonly involving a tree). For multiple-vehicle collision suicide events, 82% involved collision with a truck. Pedestrians accounted for more than one-third of suicide events, of which 58% involved collision with a truck and 23% involved collision with a car/van. Individuals who were male (odds ratio 1.15; 95% CI 0.88–1.50), aged <25 years old (odds ratio 5.27; 95% CI 3.05–9.10), non-Indigenous (odds ratio 3.36; 95% CI 1.71–6.62), and born overseas (odds ratio 1.40; 95% CI 1.10–1.79) were more likely to die by vehicle-collision suicide than by other methods of suicide. Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of road vehicle collision suicide in Australia and informs future research directions on topic. Our findings can be used to inform suicide prevention initiatives to reduce vehicle-collision suicide deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. #chatsafe 2.0. updated guidelines to support young people to communicate safely online about self-harm and suicide: A Delphi expert consensus study

Author

Robinson, Jo, primary, Thorn, Pinar, additional, McKay, Samuel, additional, Hemming, Laura, additional, Battersby-Coulter, Rikki, additional, Cooper, Charlie, additional, Veresova, Maria, additional, Li, Angela, additional, Reavley, Nicola, additional, Rice, Simon, additional, Lamblin, Michelle, additional, Pirkis, Jane, additional, Reidenberg, Dan, additional, Harrison, Vicki, additional, Skehan, Jaelea, additional, and La Sala, Louise, additional

Published
2023
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28. Will a fee-for-service payment for a young people’s health assessment in general practice increase the detection of health risk behaviours and health conditions? Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial (RAd Health Trial)

Author

Hocking, Jane S, primary, Watson, Cathy, additional, Chondros, Patty, additional, Sawyer, Susan M, additional, Ride, Jemimah, additional, Temple-Smith, Meredith, additional, Boyle, Douglas, additional, Skinner, Rachel, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Lim, Megan S C, additional, Pirkis, Jane, additional, Johnson, Caroline, additional, Newton, Sara, additional, Wardley, Amelia, additional, Blashki, Grant, additional, Guy, Rebecca, additional, Dalziel, Kim, additional, and Sanci, Lena, additional

Published
2023
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30. Mass Media Portrayals of Suicide: Informing the Australian Policy Debate.

Author

Blood, R. Warwick, Putnis, Peter, and Pirkis, Jane

Abstract

Research on the news media's reporting on suicide and mental illness is understudied in Australia despite the controversial nature of much coverage and its possible consequences for a variety of audiences. This paper critiques the underlying assumptions of most international research in this area, which follows a media imitation or contagion model. The paper details the theory guiding the qualitative section of a major 18-month study of Australian media coverage of suicide and mental illness. The project will be completed in 2001. In this paper, the Australian government's media guidelines for journalists reporting on suicide are examined and, using media framing theory as a departure point, selected media coverage is assessed. The paper illustrates how the examination of media representations of suicide can inform the public policy debate. Contains 67 references and 2 notes. (Author/RS)

Published
2001

32. The prevention access and risk taking in young people (PARTY) project protocol: A cluster randomised controlled trial of health risk screening and motivational interviewing for young people presenting to general practice

Author

Sanci, Lena, Grabsch, Brenda, Chondros, Patty, Shiell, Alan, Pirkis, Jane, Sawyer, Susan, Hegarty, Kelsey, Patterson, Elizabeth, Cahill, Helen, Ozer, Elizabeth, Seymour, Janelle, and Patton, George

Abstract

Abstract Background There are growing worldwide concerns about the ability of primary health care systems to manage the major burden of illness in young people. Over two thirds of premature adult deaths result from risks that manifest in adolescence, including injury, neuropsychiatric problems and consequences of risky behaviours. One policy response is to better reorientate primary health services towards prevention and early intervention. Currently, however, there is insufficient evidence to support this recommendation for young people. This paper describes the design and implementation of a trial testing an intervention to promote psychosocial risk screening of all young people attending general practice and to respond to identified risks using motivational interviewing. Main outcomes: clinicians’ detection of risk-taking and emotional distress, young people’s intention to change and reduction of risk taking. Secondary outcomes: pathways to care, trust in the clinician and likelihood of returning for future visits. The design of the economic and process evaluation are not detailed in this protocol. Methods PARTY is a cluster randomised trial recruiting 42 general practices in Victoria, Australia. Baseline measures include: youth friendly practice characteristics; practice staff’s self-perceived competency in young people’s care and clinicians’ detection and response to risk taking behaviours and emotional distress in 14–24 year olds, attending the practice. Practices are then stratified by a social disadvantage index and billing methods and randomised. Intervention practices receive: nine hours of training and tools; feedback of their baseline data and two practice visits over six weeks. Comparison practices receive a three hour seminar in youth friendly practice only. Six weeks post-intervention, 30 consecutive young people are interviewed post-consultation from each practice and followed-up for self-reported risk taking behaviour and emotional distress three and 12 months post consultation. Discussion The PARTY trial is the first to examine the effectiveness and efficiency of a psychosocial risk screening and counselling intervention for young people attending primary care. It will provide important data on health risk profiles of young people attending general practice and on the effects of the intervention on engagement with primary care and health outcomes over 12 months. Trial registration ISRCTN16059206

Published
2012

41. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Components of National Suicide Prevention Strategies

Author

Schlichthorst, Marisa, Reifels, Lennart, Spittal, Matthew, Clapperton, Angela, Scurrah, Katrina, Kolves, Kairi, Platt, Stephen, Pirkis, Jane, and Krysinska, Karolina

Abstract

Background: National suicide prevention strategies support development of suicide prevention activities and their evaluation. Aims: To describe components included in national suicide prevention strategies and analyze the potential contribution of individual components to reduce suicide rates. Method: We conducted a narrative review and statistical analysis of national suicide prevention strategies. The narrative review was based on a framework of 12 components and included 29 countries (14 lower middle-income countries [LMICs] and 15 high-income countries [HICs]) with a national suicide prevention strategy. The statistical analyses covered suicide mortality data for 24 countries with a national strategy (9 LMICs and 15 HICs). Results: The number of components adopted in national strategies ranged from 4 to 11, and training and education were included in 96.5% of strategies. Estimated period effects for total suicide rates in individual countries ranged from a significant decrease in the yearly suicide rate (RR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.69-0.93) to a significant increase (RR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.05-1.19). There were no changes in suicide mortality associated with individual components of national strategies. Limitations: The limitations of existing suicide mortality data apply to our study. Conclusion: Further detailed evaluations will help identify the specific contribution of individual components to the impact national strategies. Until then, countries should be encouraged to implement and evaluate comprehensive national suicide prevention strategies.

Published
2022

42. Testing the impact of the #chatsafe social media intervention on young people’s ability to communicate safely online about suicide: a randomised-controlled trial (Preprint)

Author

Robinson, Jo, primary, La Sala, Louise, additional, Cooper, Charlie, additional, Spittal, Matthew, additional, Rice, Simon, additional, Lamblin, Michelle, additional, Brown, Eleanor, additional, Nolan, Hayely, additional, Battersby-Coulter, Rikki, additional, Rajaram, Gowri, additional, Thorn, Pinar, additional, Pirkis, Jane, additional, May-Finlay, Summer, additional, Silenzio, Vince, additional, Skehan, Jaelea, additional, Krysinska, Karolina, additional, and Bellairs-Walsh, India, additional

Published
2022
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45. The association between suicide deaths and putatively harmful and protective factors in media reports

Author

Sinyor, Mark, Schaffer, Ayal, Nishikawa, Yasunori, Redelmeier, Donald A., Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas, Sareen, Jitender, Levitt, Anthony J., Kiss, Alex, and Pirkis, Jane

Subjects
Suicide -- Media coverage, Suicide prevention -- Methods, Mass media -- Psychological aspects, Suicidal behavior -- Risk factors, Social learning -- Psychological aspects -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exposure to media reporting on suicide can lead to suicide contagion and, in some circumstances, may also lead to help-seeking behaviour. There is limited evidence for which specific characteristics of media reports mediate these phenomena. METHODS: This observational study examined associations between putatively harmful and protective elements of media reports about suicide in 13 major publications in the Toronto media market and subsequent suicide deaths in Toronto (2011-2014). We used multivariable logistic regression to determine whether specific article characteristics were associated with increases or decreases in suicide deaths in the 7 days after publication, compared with a control window. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2014, there were 6367 articles with suicide as the major focus and 947 suicide deaths. Elements most strongly and independently associated with increased suicides were a statement about the inevitability of suicide (odds ratio [OR] 1.97, confidence interval [CI] 1.07-3.62), about asphyxia by a method other than car exhaust (OR 1.72, CI 1.36-2.18), about suicide by jumping from a building (OR 1.70, CI 1.28-2.26) or about suicide pacts (OR 1.63, CI 1.14-2.35), or a headline that included the suicide method (OR 1.41, CI 1.07-1.86). Elements most strongly and independently associated with decreased suicides were unfavourable characteristics (negative judgments about the deceased; OR 1.85, CI 1.202.84), or mentions of railway (OR 1.61, CI 1.10-2.36) and cutting or stabbing (OR 1.59, CI 1.19-2.13) deaths, and individual murder-suicide (OR 1.50, CI 1.23-1.84). INTERPRETATION: This large study identified significant associations between several specific elements of media reports and suicide deaths. It suggests that reporting on suicide can have a meaningful impact on suicide deaths and that journalists and media outlets and organizations should carefully consider the specific content of reports before publication., Suicide is a major, global public health issue that accounts for at least 800 000 deaths per year worldwide. (1) A substantial body of literature shows that media reports relating [...]

Published
2018
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46. Suicide after and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City

Author

Borges, Guilherme, Garcia, José Angel, Sinyor, Mark, Spittal, Matthew J., Lopez-Arellano, Oliva, and Pirkis, Jane

Subjects
Suicide, Mexico City, COVID-19, epidemiology
Abstract

Objectives: Prior research has indicated that no increase in suicides occurred immediately following the declaration of the COVID-19 emergency in Mexico City. Here we examine longer-term overall suicide trends and trends according to basic demographic groups. Methods: We used interrupted time-series analysis to model trends in monthly suicides before COVID-19 (January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2020), comparing the expected number of suicides both overall and according to age and sex with the observed number of suicides for the remainder of 2020 (April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020). Results: There was an overall increase in suicides during the first 9 months of the pandemic, with a rate ratio of 2.07 (1.86-2.31). The increase began in the early months of the pandemic and remained stable and high after June 2020. Men and women, younger people (< 45) and older people (≥ 45) were affected. The increase was especially high among older women (RR = 3.33; 2.04-5.15). Conclusions: The increase in suicides in Mexico City is worrying and highlights the need to strengthen economic development, mental health, and well-being programs. Suicides among older women should be closely monitored. There is an urgent need to expand primary health care services to include robust suicide prevention and treatment options.

Published
2022

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