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3. HVDC grid rollout in the European context: current status and challenges of HVDC grid protection

Author

Jovcic, Dragan, Chaffey, Geraint, Leterme, Willem, Takashi, I., Nee, Simon, Jahn, Ilka, Yang, Yongtao, Poullain, Serge, Sharifabadi, Kamran, Koreman, Kees, Rault, Pierre, Van Hertem, Dirk, Jovcic, Dragan, Chaffey, Geraint, Leterme, Willem, Takashi, I., Nee, Simon, Jahn, Ilka, Yang, Yongtao, Poullain, Serge, Sharifabadi, Kamran, Koreman, Kees, Rault, Pierre, and Van Hertem, Dirk

Abstract

This article provides an up-to-date overview of technologies and explores key barriers on the path to implementing High Voltage DC (HVDC) grid protection in the European context. It brings together a wide range of stakeholders including key equipment manufacturers, grid operators, developers, testing laboratories, consultants, research institutes and academia to evaluate the readiness of HVDC grid protection technology and to present a broad range of challenges for deployment. The paper reports on the latest full-scale testing of 3 different DC Circuit Breaker (DCCB) technologies from different vendors at an independent laboratory, reaching a high technology readiness level (TRL). Hardware IEDs (intelligent electronic device) or protection relays for HVDC grids have been developed by academia and industry and are tested in a real-time hardware in the loop environment with grid operators utilizing different protection algorithms. The outstanding challenges, including interoperability, are presented. The overview of multiple HVDC grid protection algorithms which have now been demonstrated in a real-time environment on detailed industrial case studies, is given. It is shown that the functional performance at system and component level is confirmed and initial harmonisation work is discussed. The paper further presents the latest work on developing cost models for HVDC grid protection, and discusses theopportunities for cost reduction for various components.It is concluded that HVDC grid protection CAPEX isdominated by DCCB costs, but this also depends on theadopted protection strategy. Different grid operators present their views on HVDCgrid protection deployment challenges related to gridplanning and practical aspects of installations in offshore environment. The overview of DCCB models including real-time modelling and model verification is provided. The emerging research trends on HVDC grid protection and DCCB technologies are also discussed., QC 20210217

Published
2021

7. Análise da correlação de longo prazo do preço Spot no mercado elétrico colombiano

Author

Urrego A, Lilliam, Medina H, Santiago, Heliodore, Frederic, Ismail, Boussaad, Poullain, Serge, and Courbon, Eric

Subjects
Hurst exponent, risco financeiro, Expoente de Hurst, antipersistent, financial risk, riesgo financiero, series de tiempo no lineales, Exponente de Hurst, séries de tempo não lineares
Abstract

Este artículo cuestiona los supuestos de los modelos financieros que se suelen usar para analizar el precio de la energía. Parte de un análisis exploratorio de los rendimientos diarios para rechazar las hipótesis de aditividad, volatilidad, independencia y normalidad. Con el uso de herramientas asociadas al análisis fractal y en potencia se detectan varios comportamientos: una reversión de los rendimientos (exponente de Hurst de 0.39 y dimensión fractal de 1.61), ciclos que son múltiplos de 7 días, inexistencia de varianza poblacional, cambios asimétricos, alta probabilidad de ocurrencia de valores extremos y buen ajuste a la distribución α-estable. Estos comportamientos destacan la necesidad de elaborar métodos que incorporen los elementos necesarios para analizar sistemas dinámicos no lineales. This paper focuses on the role of the multinational corporations in the Colombian peace process. First a theoretical frame work is built which aims to shed light on the significance of multinationals in this process. The study then presents the specific Colombian experience with relation to the role of multinationals in the peace process. The penultimate section deals with the relation between peace, corporate social responsibility, and the UN Global Compact. Finally it offers a conclusion with regards to the role of multinational companies in the Colombian peace process. Este artigo questiona as suposições dos modelos financeiros que se costumam usar para analisar o preço da energia. Parte de uma análise exploratória dos rendimentos diários para recusar as hipóteses de aditividade, volatilidade, independência e normalidade. Com o uso de ferramentas associadas à análise fractal e em potência, detectam-se vários comportamentos: uma reversão dos rendimentos (expoente de Hurst de 0,39 e dimensão fractal de 1,61), ciclos que são múltiplos de sete dias, inexistência de variância populacional, mudanças assimétricas, alta probabilidade de ocorrência de valores extremos e bom ajuste à distribuição α-estável. Esses comportamentos destacam a necessidade de elaborar métodos que incorporem os elementos necessários para analisar sistemas dinâmicos não lineares.

Published
2014

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