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The addition of rare earth metals to aluminum alloys can effectively improve their corrosion resistance and has been widely used in the aerospace and military industries. However, the current methods for the preparation of rare earth metals involve long processing steps, high energy consumption, and high carbon emissions, which severely constrains the development of aluminum alloys. Its output is further developed. To this end, this paper reviews mainstream rare earth production processes (precipitation methods, microemulsion methods, roasting-sulfuric acid leaching methods, electrochemical methods, solvent extraction methods, and ion exchange methods) to provide basic information for the green smelting of rare earth metals and help promote the development of green rare earth smelting. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each process as well as recent research results, the optimal process parameters and production efficiency were summarized. Studies have concluded that the precipitation method is mostly used for the recovery of rare earth elements and related valuable metals from solid waste; the microemulsion method is mostly used for the preparation of nanosized rare earth alloys by doping; the roasting-sulfuric acid leaching method is mostly used for the treatment of raw rare earth ores; and the molten salt electrolysis method is a more specific method. This is a green and environmentally friendly production process. The results of this study can provide direction for the realization of green rare earth smelting and provide a reference for improving the existing rare earth smelting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While promoting manufacturing growth is imperative to boost economic growth, potential adverse consequences on natural resources and ecology have created sustainability-related concerns and challenges. In India, with the reform processes deepening further and the business environment becoming more market-oriented over the years, the adoption of appropriate measures for sustainable manufacturing growth under such conditions would require a deeper investigation of the underlying dynamics, particularly to address the impacts of external shocks. This is especially true when external shocks alter market dynamics and, hence, input is used significantly in the manufacturing sector. Given this backdrop, the present paper examines how the major external shocks to the Indian economy during in the post-reform era have altered the resource use patterns in selected manufacturing industries. The paper uses secondary data collected from the KLEMS database of the Reserve Bank of India for the period from 1980–81 to 2019–20 and applies descriptive statistics and econometric techniques to address the research objective. It is found that energy intensity, vertical integration, capital intensity, and rate of growth of total factor productivity decreased over the decades, whereas labour productivity experienced an increasing trend in most industries. However, the trends are mixed in the case of material intensity. Further, the regression results indicate significant effects of external shocks on resource use, factor productivity, and structural changes. There are also industry-specific differences in the nature and extent of such changes. Hence, a deeper investigation of the underlying factors and impacts at a disaggregate industry level is necessary to draw more robust insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis of the weaponry items (108 arrowheads, 2 spearheads, and 2 glaive heads) recovered from the 17th–19th cc. burial ground of Kikki-Akki (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Taz River) of the Upper Taz Selkups, aiming at the reconstruction of the technology of their production. With the aid of the methods of metallographic analysis, it has been established that the production of ferrous metal weapons was carried out by professional craftsmen. As raw materials, blacksmiths used malleable blooms, without special additional processing, consisting of unevenly carbonized steel and, less often, of iron or a mixture of both. Operations of smith forging of hot metal constituted the basis of the technology for the production of weapons. While doing so, the main attention was paid to finishing the external forms of the products, without using complex technological schemes. The production process, as a rule, was taking place at an optimal heating temperature. In general, weapons, although being not of a high quality, complied with technical specifications for their use.

Abstract While promoting manufacturing growth is imperative to boost economic growth, potential adverse consequences on natural resources and ecology have created sustainability-related concerns and challenges. In India, with the reform processes deepening further and the business environment becoming more market-oriented over the years, the adoption of appropriate measures for sustainable manufacturing growth under such conditions would require a deeper investigation of the underlying dynamics, particularly to address the impacts of external shocks. This is especially true when external shocks alter market dynamics and, hence, input is used significantly in the manufacturing sector. Given this backdrop, the present paper examines how the major external shocks to the Indian economy during in the post-reform era have altered the resource use patterns in selected manufacturing industries. The paper uses secondary data collected from the KLEMS database of the Reserve Bank of India for the period from 1980–81 to 2019–20 and applies descriptive statistics and econometric techniques to address the research objective. It is found that energy intensity, vertical integration, capital intensity, and rate of growth of total factor productivity decreased over the decades, whereas labour productivity experienced an increasing trend in most industries. However, the trends are mixed in the case of material intensity. Further, the regression results indicate significant effects of external shocks on resource use, factor productivity, and structural changes. There are also industry-specific differences in the nature and extent of such changes. Hence, a deeper investigation of the underlying factors and impacts at a disaggregate industry level is necessary to draw more robust insights.

Nowadays the organization of domestic serial production of high-tech products requires a lot of time. On the one hand, the reason is the restructuring of logistics chains with foreign suppliers, on the other hand, the building of cooperation in the country. For example, the duration of the implementation of promising production projects in the space industry is still years. Factories are changing approaches in the organization of work – one of the main ways to influence the duration of production is to reduce the time of their own production cycle. As a rule, the analysis of the organization of serial production begins with the final assembly, which determines the tact of work for all other sites that produce components. When evaluating the effectiveness of the organization of assembly production, criteria and factors are determined. The time of the product assembly cycle is taken as the efficiency criterion. It is necessary to determine the degree of significance for each factor and understand their mutual influence on each other. The purpose of the research is to develop a unified system of factors affecting the cycle, and a method based on this system for evaluating the effectiveness of the organization of assembly production. The article considers the technological process as a factor affecting the product assembly cycle.

Demand for hydrogen has grown and continues to rise as a versatile energy carrier. Hydrogen can be produced from renewable and non-renewable energy sources. A wide range of technologies to produce hydrogen in an environmentally friendly way have been developed. As the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach has become popular recently, including in the hydrogen energy system, this paper comprehensively reviews the LCA of hydrogen production technology. A subdivision based on the trends in the LCA studies, hydrogen production technology, goal and scope definition, system boundary, and environmental performance of hydrogen production is discussed in this review. Thermochemical hydrogen production is the most studied technology in LCA. However, utilizing natural resources, especially wind power, in the electrolysis process stands out as an environmentally preferable solution when compared to alternative production processes. It is crucial to rethink reactors and other production-related equipment to improve environmental performance and increase hydrogen production efficiency. Since most of the previous LCA studies were conducted in developed countries and only a few were from developing countries, a way forward for LCA application on hydrogen in developing countries was also highlighted and discussed. This review provides a comprehensive insight for further research on hydrogen production technology from an LCA perspective.

Abstract The modern market of dairy products is quite developed, but the issue of compliance with the quality and safety of their production remains relevant. The purpose of this paper was to study the organoleptic, physicochemical and safety indicators of combined dairy products based on mare’s and cow’s milk using herbal supplements. In the course of the research, analytical and statistical methods of information processing were used; experimental studies of raw materials and the finished combined product, namely the determination of acidity, solids, fat and protein; energy and biological values of the product were calculated. Technological processes of combined dairy products based on cow’s and mare’s milk using a vegetable origin filler were studied. Of the three prototypes of the proposed dairy products, it was determined to recommend samples No. 2 and 3. High quality indicators are observed in them, in particular, a rich taste with a pronounced taste of additional components, a pleasant smell and appearance. Also, the finished product in samples No. 2 and 3 have high safety indicators. Pathogenic and harmful microorganisms and substances were not found, acceptable microorganisms are within the maximum permissible limits. According to the research results, new dairy products are recommended using vegetable raw materials with different fat, protein, energy value, caloric content and lactose content. In the process of writing this paper, indicators of nutritional, energy value and safety of new types of dairy products based on cow and mare’s milk with vegetable additives were determined. Taking into account the research results and the materials of previous scientific papers, authors consider it promising to develop and sell dairy products based on cow’s and mare’s milk using a filler of plant origin. The advantages of the resulting product include: consumer interest in such products, high quality indicators, product safety, the possibility of using products in functional and specialized nutrition. Graphical Abstract

Applications of data envelopment analysis (DEA) often include inputs and outputs that are embedded in some other inputs or outputs. For example, in a school assessment, the sets of students achieving good academic results or students with special needs are subsets of the set of all students. In a hospital application, the set of specific or successful treatments is a subset of all treatments. Similarly, in many applications, labour costs are a part of overall costs. Conventional variable and constant returns-to-scale DEA models cannot incorporate such information. Using such standard DEA models may potentially lead to a situation in which, in the resulting projection of an inefficient decision making unit, the value of an input or output representing the whole set is less than the value of an input or output representing its subset, which is physically impossible. In this paper, we demonstrate how the information about embedded inputs and outputs can be incorporated in the DEA models. We further identify common scenarios in which such information is redundant and makes no difference to the efficiency assessment and scenarios in which such information needs to be incorporated in order to keep the efficient projections consistent with the identified embeddings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication provides information on the status of oyster fisheries and aquaculture in Florida as well as general information about how oysters are grown in agricultural and restoration systems. It then introduces a series of technologies that have been developed in other US states and in other countries, strategies that may have utility in Florida. Finally, it covers some specifics of the permitting process as it relates to oyster aquaculture in Florida.

Fragrant peanut oils (FPOs) are commonly defined as edible peanut oils having strong natural roasted peanut flavor without peculiar unpleasant odors and produced from peanut kernels through roasting/steaming and pressing operations, etc. The flavor of FPOs plays a crucial role in their acceptability and applications and their flavor profiles are an important factor in determining their overall quality. This paper presents a systematic literature review of recent advances and knowledge on FPOs, especially their flavors, in which it is focused on the evaluation of volatile compounds, the factors influencing the formation of flavor compounds, and formation mechanisms of those typical flavor compounds. More than 300 volatiles are found in FPOs, while some key aroma-active compounds and their potential formation pathways are examined. Factors that have big influences on flavor are discussed also, including the properties of raw materials, processing technologies, and storage conditions. Ultimately, the paper highlights the challenges facing, including the challenges in flavor analysis, the relationship between volatile compounds and sensory attributes, as well as the opening of the blackboxes of flavor formations during the processing steps, etc.

The global demand for meat is projected to rise, necessitating a transformative shift in the meat industry towards sustainable and emission-neutral production models. For decades, price competition has driven intense rivalry among meat packers, with a focus on cost control and product differentiation. However, anticipated increases in input costs and challenges to meat supply present a unique opportunity for innovation. Meat production faces mounting pressures, particularly in Northern Europe, to transition from traditional industrialized systems to sustainable practices that address climate impacts. Despite substantial investments in alternative proteins, livestock remains an efficient converter of low-value inputs into high-value human nutrition. As meat becomes scarcer, its historical status as a luxury food is poised to resurface, offering a business opportunity for meat packers while prompting Western consumers to adopt more plant-rich diets. Technological advancements such as automation and AI have revolutionized meat production, enabling efficient processes, enhanced meat quality, and reduced environmental impacts. The future of meat production hinges on adopting circular and emission-neutral practices. The industry’s sustainability will depend on balancing efficiency with ecological harmony, transforming meat from a ubiquitous commodity to a luxury symbol of quality. Through technological innovation and a paradigm shift in production philosophy, the meat industry can meet the nutritional needs of a growing global population while adhering to stringent environmental standards.

Monographic processing of Avar Period (6–8th century) glass beads. Approx. 200 glass beads have been selected from 13 archaeological sites in current day Hungary as the representatives of typical Avar glass beads. The beads were analyzed with electron microprobe analyzer attached with wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer and/or energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer peripheries for 12–15 elements complemented with archaeological and color description. These beads provide insights primarily into the trade and interactions of the Avar population in the Carpathian Basin with other peoples. Through their analysis, we can learn about the economic systems associated with glass production and the connections between different regions. Furthermore, Avar Age glass beads offer valuable information about craftsmanship and artistic expression. Their diverse shapes, colors, and patterns showcase the skill and creativity of the artisans who made them, as well as hint at the production technology used. The purpose of data collection is to identify the raw materials and coloring agents used in bead production, detect potential chronological changes, internationally explore the identified production technology in terms of space and time, and outline the Avars' trade network, and provide reference for future research. This is the first ever published database of Avar Age glass beads.

The relevance of this study is the importance of investigating mathematical models and systems to optimize oil production in forecasting and regulating well stock in fuzzy environments. The purpose was to assess the practical application of Markov chain models and fuzzy set theory to optimize oil production. This study specifically analyzed operating and idle well stocks in Kazakhstan's Kenkiyak oil field using a Markov chain system of equations. Fuzzy set theory was then applied to model linguistic relationships between oil production parameters like depth and porosity. The Markov model successfully predicted linear asymptotes of well stock over time and assessed impacts of changing repair crew productivity. The fuzzy approach effectively modeled the dependence of production efficiency on depth and reservoir rock porosity. Results showed a 15% improvement in forecasting accuracy and a 10% increase in production efficiency. This demonstrates the value of mathematical models in optimizing real)world oil production processes and their ability to enhance management system performance. The models provide oil field designers with tools to better regulate well stock and staff operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condition monitoring and predictive maintenance applications receive ongoing scientific attention in production technology. Larger companies, especially machine and component manufacturers, already offer related products. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular show interest in developing and offering solutions in this market themselves to gain economic advantages, to improve resource utilization of their machines or to be able to offer these advantages to their own customers. In the development process, however, they often encounter problems already in the digitization of the machines. The first hurdle is to obtain an analysis-capable data set. This is due to the fact that common and established general data mining development process models, such as CRISP-DM, do not focus on production technology, causing difficulties for engineers during deployment. A problem with existing process models is the limited practicality in the engineering domain due to restricted adaptability. In a previous paper, a guideline for engineers for data mining suitable digitization of production machines was developed in order to solve these problems. The related results were provided in the context of a project for condition monitoring of mixing machines. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to components of a 5-axis CNC milling machine in three different monitoring use cases. A complete workflow is presented, including effect analysis, sensor selection, formulation of predictive scenarios, data preparation, training of machine learning algorithms and vizualization. Data and documentation are provided alongside this publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell-based food, including cultured meat, introduces an innovative complement to our dietary options, introducing cellular agriculture and tissue engineering on the meat market together with traditional livestock farming. Originating from medical tissue cultivation techniques, this approach is now tailored for food production, prioritizing cost-effectiveness, palatability, and resource efficiency. As technology strives to efficiently upscale production, consumer acceptance stands as a key factor in adopting this new protein source. This review explores advances in cultivating muscle and fat tissues in vitro, emphasizing the importance of achieving muscle maturity, innovating scaffolds, and optimizing media composition to closely replicate the qualities of meat. It also addresses quality assessments of cultured meat based on its texture, nutritional content, and flavor. A concise examination of consumer perceptions reveals that acceptance is influenced by a blend of cultural, psychological, and social factors, balancing the positive potential outlook on cultured meat’s benefits for society, the environment, and animal welfare against concerns about its unnaturalness, uncertainty, and safety. Demographic trends suggest higher acceptance among younger, well-educated and urban individuals, contrasting with reservations from those more familiar with the traditional meat sector. Addressing these varied viewpoints is essential for a better understanding of public acceptance if cultured meat is effectively introduced into our future food systems. As media interest in this alternative is still high, aligning technological developments with consumer expectations is crucial for the potential market introduction of cultured meat.

The data of the metallographic study of sickles and knives (37 pcs) of the Petrovka Culture from the Southern Trans-Urals and the Middle Tobol River basin of the 19th–18th centuries BC are reported. The implements originate from settlements (Ustye 1, Kulevchi 3, Starokumlyak, Kamyshnoe 2, Ubagan 2, Nizhneingaly 3) and burial complexes (Ozernoe 1, Krivoye Ozero, Verkhnyaya Alabuga). The reconstruction of the manufacturing technology of the Petrovka Culture tools from the Southern Trans-Urals was carried out by both taking into account the results of the surface visual inspection, as well as by the data of the microstructural study of the metal. The metallographic analysis was conducted at the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (microscope Axio Observer D1m from Zeiss; microhardness tester PMT-3M from LOMO). A certain correlation was revealed between the functional purpose of the product, type of the raw material, and the tool manufacturing flowchart. The sickles and knives with handles are produced primarily from pure copper (including oxidised) both in the process of casting in mould with subsequent finishing, as well as in the result of the forming forging. The tools obtained in the casting process often had casting defects, accompanied by the phenomenon of shrinking warpage of the metal. The finishing of the copper tools was taking place in most cases either in the regime of incomplete hot forging at 300–500 C, or hot forging at 600–800 C and at near-melting temperatures of 900–1000 C. Most of the sickles in the forging process were purposefully hardened by forging on the cold metal. Unlike the sickles and knives with handles, shank knives are made mainly of low-alloyed tin bronze. Apparently, this category of tools was given a special ritual significance, especially considering the fact that about a third of the tools came from burial complexes with a specific selection of the related implements. The use of tin bronze in the production of knives significantly contributed to the fabrication of high-quality castings with the smooth surface without metal warping defects. The finishing of the knives after casting was carried out with heating up to 600–800 C or 900–1000 C (44 % of the tools) or in the regime of incomplete hot forging (25 %). The forging on the cold metal with annealing was rarely used. Thus, at the basis of the choice of the technological traditions of the metal production lies the availability of a certain raw material base, the type of the metal obtained from this ore, as well as the inheritance of the technologies from the preceding cultural communities. Technological innovations in the processing of non-ferrous metal, associated with the supply of Sn-bronzes in the form of ingots or finished products from Central Kazakhstan to the Southern Trans-Urals, led to the significant increase in the quality of the produce.

In this paper, we chose late war purple octagonal prismatic ware excavated at the Hejia Cemetery in Xianyang as the object of study, and carried out scientific analysis using ultra-deep field microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction, and microscopic Raman spectroscopy. First of all, the features of the formation and weathering process were determined, then the samples of unweathered areas obtained by the sectioning method were examined, and it was confirmed that all 12 samples are barium copper silicate with the main phases of Chinese violet (BaCuSi2O6) and Chinese dark blue (BaCu2Si2O7) colors. Based on compositional characteristics, etc. it was also found that this group of purple octagonal vessels embodies two different manufacturing processes and may represent an evolution of the process from lead-barium glass to cupro-barium silicate. On this basis, issues such as the population, distribution area and functional characteristics of this type of dish are discussed in order to obtain new ideas and evidence for relevant research.

The addition of rare earth metals to aluminum alloys can effectively improve their corrosion resistance and has been widely used in the aerospace and military industries. However, the current methods for the preparation of rare earth metals involve long processing steps, high energy consumption, and high carbon emissions, which severely constrains the development of aluminum alloys. Its output is further developed. To this end, this paper reviews mainstream rare earth production processes (precipitation methods, microemulsion methods, roasting-sulfuric acid leaching methods, electrochemical methods, solvent extraction methods, and ion exchange methods) to provide basic information for the green smelting of rare earth metals and help promote the development of green rare earth smelting. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each process as well as recent research results, the optimal process parameters and production efficiency were summarized. Studies have concluded that the precipitation method is mostly used for the recovery of rare earth elements and related valuable metals from solid waste; the microemulsion method is mostly used for the preparation of nanosized rare earth alloys by doping; the roasting-sulfuric acid leaching method is mostly used for the treatment of raw rare earth ores; and the molten salt electrolysis method is a more specific method. This is a green and environmentally friendly production process. The results of this study can provide direction for the realization of green rare earth smelting and provide a reference for improving the existing rare earth smelting process.

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Meat and meat products are among the main products of the human diet, which contain the essential nutrients, biological, macro and microelements that are important for the full functioning of the human body. Due to the significant environmental impact associated with industrial meat production, combined with the ever-growing world population, it is important to investigate the current state and production of the meat industry. The purpose of the study was to determine the volumes and possibilities of production of certain types of meat products in Ukraine, their market share, prospects for production in the future, and the ability to provide food industry enterprises with raw materials for the production of new food products. The work was carried out by analysing scientific, regulatory and technical literature, statistical evaluation of data, and comparing the results obtained with the findings of other scientists. The analysis of the industry indicates the decline of certain areas in animal husbandry, in particular, cattle breeding and the production of meat, meat products from beef and veal; a decrease in the number of farm animals, namely by 23% of bovine cattle, 6.9% of pigs, and 2.4% of poultry. During the analysed period, poultry meat production increased by 17%, while the number of business entities increased by 25 %. At the same time, beef and veal production decreased by 27.8%, while pork production increased by 33%. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to continuously provide processing enterprises with meat raw materials, namely, chicken meat for the production of meat products, and it is also relevant to introduce resource-saving technologies for obtaining a product with less weight loss and waste during processing. The study results can be used by enterprises when planning the release of products to the market, developing new recipes, improving existing production technologies, and understanding trends and volumes of meat and meat products on the Ukrainian market

AbstractAgricultural and food system transformation helps increase farm productivity and encourages farmers to participate in updated value chains, adopt newer technologies, thereby helping farmers transform their livelihoods in a sustainable manner. Relatedly, value chain innovations depend on multiple decisions farmers make at various stages of the value chain, adequate participation being a primary factor. In this paper, we integrate farmers’ adoption decision of a new variety of chilli crop (“Teja”) along with their electronic market participation decision and e-market participation intensity, based on data from the chilli farming sector in India, where agricultural markets have been modernized through digitization (Kalgudi e-Market). Thus, the employed Triple-Hurdle Model (THM) integrates adoption decision of “Teja” variety of chilli, e-Market Participation Decision and e-market participation intensity thereby, allowing us to make inferences relating to chilli farmers in Andhra Pradesh, India. Our results, showed that the drivers of “Teja” variety adoption, e-market participation, and e-participation intensity include education, reliable extension services, access to seeds of high yielding varieties, market information, and membership in farmer-producer organizations. Added to these, personnel training visits, prompt deliveries of inputs, and prompt payment of sales proceeds are also important in influencing participation and intensities. Results show that the three stochastic decisions of THM are strongly correlated implying that the adoption decision of “Teja” variety of chilli by the farmers influences the e-market participation decision and consequently, e-market participation intensity and these three decisions are sequential. On the contrary, the decisions viz., e-market participation decision and e-market participation intensity as input buyers and consequent adoption of “Teja” variety of chilli are simultaneous. So, the policy measures that promote production technology interventions (say, “Teja” variety of chilli) will definitely enhance better e-market access of chilli farmers. Accordingly, the breeding programs of the agricultural research stations should enhance the uptake of improved varieties in tune with modern marketing (e-market) technologies. Future farm policy and agricultural-research and innovations must recognize the potential that the digital marketing systems have to offer. Such considerations coupled with the provision of market infrastructure including assaying, grading, storage, and market information will promote digital transformation in agricultural value chains in developing countries like India.

In all-solid-state battery (ASSB) research, the importance of sulfide electrolytes is steadily increasing. However, several challenges arise concerning the future mass production of this class of electrolytes. Among others, the high reactivity with atmospheric moisture forming toxic and corrosive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a major issue. On a production scale, excessive exposure to H2S leads to serious damage of production workers' health, so additional occupational health and safety measures are required. This paper investigates the environmental conditions for the commercial fabrication of slurry-based sulfide solid electrolyte layers made of Li3PS4 (LPS) and Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) for ASSBs. First, the identification of sequential production steps and processing stages in electrolyte layer production is carried out. An experimental setup is used to determine the H2S release of intermediates under different atmospheric conditions in the production chain, representative for the production steps. The H2S release rates obtained on a laboratory scale are then scaled up to mass production dimensions and compared to occupational health and safety limits for protection against H2S. It is shown that, under the assumptions made for the production of a slurry-based electrolyte layer with LPS or LGPS, a dry room with a dew point of τ = − 40   ∘ C and an air exchange rate of AER = 30   1 h is sufficient to protect production workers from health hazards caused by H2S. However, the synthesis of electrolytes requires an inert gas atmosphere, as the H2S release rates are much higher compared to layer production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visočka pečenica is a traditional dry-cured beef meat product from Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is protected by a geographical indication label at the national level. In this research, the content of 16 EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Visočka pečenica from traditional and industrial production was examined. The content of PAH compounds has not been analysed in Visočka pečenica to date. Determination and quantification of PAHs in Visočka pečenica were performed by a GC/MS method. The content of all individual PAH compounds was higher in Musculus longissimus dorsi than in beef round in both production methods, and their contents increased with the longer smoking process. In addition, higher contents of PAHs were found in Visočka pečenica from traditional than in industrial production, with some exceptions. In Visočka pečenica from traditional production, higher contents of individual PAH compounds and their sums were determined when they were smoked at a higher shelf level in the smokehouse, both halfway through and at the end of the smoking process. Contrarily, in Visočka pečenica from industrial production, PAH contents were higher at the lower rather than the higher shelf level, with some exceptions. The most common PAH compound in the Visočka pečenica from both production methods was chrysene (CHR) (3.00-14.08 μg/kg). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis sativus L. is an annual, deciduous, dimorphic, flowering plant that is distributed all over the world. Despite its tremendous and handy usage in medicinal and other areas, the cultivation, production, and trade of cannabis are illegal in most of the countries. It is so because of some of its harmful side effects on human health when consumed haphazardly or addictively. Following the declaration made by the UN Assembly, some countries, including the Republic of South Africa, Canada, Germany, Australia, Colombia, and Indonesia, have legalized the indoor cultivation and production of cannabis, as well as cannabis-based products. Cannabis can thrive in a wide range of climatic and ecological conditions. Cannabis can be propagated via seeds, cuttings, grafting, micropropagation, etc. The plants are mainly cultivated for their chemical constituents like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, cannabinol, etc., which are extracted from their dried flowers. This study illustrates the production technology, current legal status, and botanical characteristics of Cannabis sativus. [Fundam Appl Agric 2023; 8(1.000): 458-474]

Costume of the 17th–18th cc. is a little-studied subject in the history of the Yakut costume. This is due to the fact that costume of this period can be studied only on the materials of the funerary monuments of Yakutia (Eastern Siberia). There are scanty written and pictorial sources of this period, and they do not provide detailed information about the material and technique of making clothes. One of the outstanding examples of the clothing of that time is tangalai - ritual women's clothing with short sleeves embroidered with beads and metal plaques, which in the literature is called fur coat or caftan. Due to its beauty and ritual purpose, tangalai represents a most interesting and controversial element of the wardrobe. Such waistcoats were widespread among Turkic-Mongolian peoples of Eurasia and are often associated with the wedding ceremonial and status of married women. The aim of the work is to identify specifics of the make, cut, and decor of tangalai. For this purpose, four samples of clothing identified as tangalais were selected from museum collections. All samples were found in female burials of Central and Northern Yakutia and consist of fragments of the base and decorative trim in different states of preservation. A comparative analysis showed that according to the material, cut, and principle of manufacture all samples represent variations of the same type of clothing. Suede made of deer or elk skin, smoked and painted, was used as the basic material. The skin was supplemented with an edging made of expensive and rare furs, which at that time included beaver fur. Beads of predominantly blue color were used in all the samples, supplemented with white and black beads, metal stripes and pendants. Beaded embroidery emphasized certain parts of clothing: shoulders, chest, and back. Accentuation of similar zones preserved in elegant women's fur coats until the beginning of the 20th century. The manufacture of such clothing implied a complex and lengthy technological process from the processing of raw materials to the connection of all the numerous elements. The high quality of the processing of leather and fur and complex beaded decor indicate the presence of professional seamstresses and a more complex organization of the Yakut society of those times. Needle beds, scissors, and workpieces of fur and beads in very rich women's burials, as well as the folklore motifs on this subject may indicate the significance of the sewing workmanship.

As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, Korea's economy has experienced significant setbacks. Thus, this article examines the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on Korea's key macroeconomic indicators via the transmission channels of oil prices and production technology. Using Bayesian estimation and impulse response functions for empirical investigation, the results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the reduction in firm production, consumption of oil-based goods, employment, and investment. Increasingly, households rely on non-oil goods rather than oil-based ones. Similarly, the results suggest that the drop in production technology levels brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has a stronger impact on business output and investment but a lesser influence on household employment. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decline in household non-oil consumption as well as household and business consumption of oil-based goods. To sum up, the existing Korean literature on this issue might be improved by including the findings offered in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid increase in the power of microelectronic devices, along with a reduction in their size, leads to a rapid growth in the density of dissipated heat flows. As a result, thermal management becomes a crucial factor for maintaining the stable uninterrupted operation of microelectronic devices. Stricter requirements for thermal interface materials (TIMs) make it necessary to optimize their production technology. A solution-based technology for obtaining grease with enhanced thermophysical properties is proposed. It has been shown that heat treatment of a mechanical mixture of aluminum nitride (AlN) and graphite (C) (1:1 by weight) in a vacuum at temperatures of 250–350 °C makes it possible to clean the surface of the particles from moisture and organic impurities, which leads to an increase in the thermal conductivity of the materials obtained. It was revealed that the best solvent at the processing stage is AlN:C silane is ethanol due to the high chemical similarity with silane surfactant. In contrast, when introducing particles into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the highest thermal conductivity results were achieved with acetone as a solvent. The use of ultrasonic treatment of the filler, when introduced into the polymer matrix, was considered. It was shown that the optimal duration is 10 to 15 min, depending on the surfactant. The resulting thermal pastes have sufficient thermal conductivity (up to 2.25 W/(m·K)) and high thermal stability up to the flash point of PDMS (340 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat and meat products are among the main products of the human diet, which contain the essential nutrients, biological, macro and microelements that are important for the full functioning of the human body. Due to the significant environmental impact associated with industrial meat production, combined with the ever-growing world population, it is important to investigate the current state and production of the meat industry. The purpose of the study was to determine the volumes and possibilities of production of certain types of meat products in Ukraine, their market share, prospects for production in the future, and the ability to provide food industry enterprises with raw materials for the production of new food products. The work was carried out by analysing scientific, regulatory and technical literature, statistical evaluation of data, and comparing the results obtained with the findings of other scientists. The analysis of the industry indicates the decline of certain areas in animal husbandry, in particular, cattle breeding and the production of meat, meat products from beef and veal; a decrease in the number of farm animals, namely by 23% of bovine cattle, 6.9% of pigs, and 2.4% of poultry. During the analysed period, poultry meat production increased by 17%, while the number of business entities increased by 25 %. At the same time, beef and veal production decreased by 27.8%, while pork production increased by 33%. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to continuously provide processing enterprises with meat raw materials, namely, chicken meat for the production of meat products, and it is also relevant to introduce resource-saving technologies for obtaining a product with less weight loss and waste during processing. The study results can be used by enterprises when planning the release of products to the market, developing new recipes, improving existing production technologies, and understanding trends and volumes of meat and meat products on the Ukrainian market [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical oxygen is a critically needed medicine in the treatment of coronavirus disease. During out breaks of the COVID-19 pandemic, the needs of health care institutions for medical oxygen increase by 5-6 times. The issue of the reliable functioning of the oxygen supply system of health care institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic is extremely urgent and requires systematic research. The purpose of the work was to conduct research on measures to provide oxygen to health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, to establish risk factors in its production and supply, and to determine priority directions for guaranteeing the ability to provide medical assistance in the treatment of coronavirus disease. The methods of systematic approach, bibliographic, information search, marketing analysis, as well as generalization and analysis were used during the research. The study showed that medical use of oxygen as a medicine, oxygen produced by medical devices, and technical oxygen was allowed at the state level. Domestic manufacturers produce medical oxygen that meets all regulatory requirements for medicinal products. In Ukraine, 36 drugs based on medical oxygen are registered, the production of which is carried out by 26 enterprises that have licenses for the production of medicinal products. During the pandemic, it was allowed for medical use of technical oxygen, which should meet the quality indicators of medical oxygen. The use of oxygen, which is produced by medical devices, which include oxygen generators and oxygen concentrators, which must meet the requirements of the Technical Regulations, became a significant measure for the expansion of oxygen therapy. During the implementation of all measures to provide oxygen, there are risks of a national and branch nature, as well as specific risks associated with the characteristics of different types of oxygen (oxygen as a medicine, oxygen produced by medical devices, technical oxygen). The identified list of risks and their analysis in the provision of oxygen to health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic will provide an opportunity to develop the concept of general risk assessment and risk management processes to guarantee the ability to provide adequate medical care in the treatment of coronavirus disease

A healthy lifestyle is at the peak of its popularity, therefore, manufacturers are interested in creating new products that comply with the principles of a healthy balanced diet. Pasta is constantly in great demand among residents of many countries, so they are a promising object for enrichment and the use of non-traditional raw materials for the production of pasta. The purpose of the study was the use of non-traditional raw materials for the production of pasta, in connection with which the tasks were set: the development of a recipe for pasta with increased biological value, analysis of the quality of the finished product. In the course of this study, it was found that the introduction of whole grain flour with the replacement of part of the wheat flour favorably affects the qualitative composition of the finished product. Recipe development and quality control was carried out on the basis of GOST R 54656-2011 "Pasta with enriching additives. General specifications". The determination of the vitamin composition, mineral content, humidity, gluten quality indicators were carried out. In the course of the study, the optimal dosage of the additive was determined and the expediency of using whole grain flour in the production of pasta was established. The conducted research and the developed recipe can be used in pasta production enterprises.

The experiment was conducted for developing a sugar-free, low-fat and low-calorie angel cake with no-eggy flavour and palatability, so as to broaden the application of mulberry and satisfy the public's demand for novel baked foods. Using single-factors and response surface experiments for optimization of the processing technology, the experiment focused on the effect of main ingredients on the sensory quality and hardness of angel cake, i.e. the amount of mulberry juice, xylitol, egg white and low gluten flour, as well as the baking temperature and time. The texture properties of mulberry sugar-free angel cake and ordinary angel cake were measured under the same storage conditions. The results showed that the optimal processing parameters were: Low gluten flour 45 g, mulberry juice 33 g, xylitol 45 g, egg white 135 g, cream of tarta 3 g, lemon juice 2 g and milk 30 g. The best baking conditions was that the surface fire was 165 ℃ and the primer fire was 150 ℃ with 35 min. Under these conditions, the sensory score of mulberry angel cake was 91.8. The experiments of the texture characteristics of the cakes showed that the addition of mulberry juice could reduce the hardness and chewiness of the cakes with better water holding capacity and softer texture, simultaneously, it could improve the cohesiveness and adhesion, so that the cakes had concentrated stoma and compact structure.

The Egyptian long staple cotton variety "Super Giza 94" was developed by Cotton Research Institute CRI, Giza, Egypt, which belongs to Gossypium barbadense L. Super Giza 94 is a novel plant structure improved seed cotton yield, lint percentage and fiber quality traits. Super Giza 94 was developed through one-way hybridization of elite parental cotton genotypes accompanied by pedigree selection method to incorporate the excellent combinations of higher yield potential, early maturity and fiber quality traits with resistance to Fusarium wilt. The superior plant combinations were selected in F2-F6 generations entirely based on phenotypic plant traits and progeny yield potential in the field conditions. The selected strains were evaluated in multilocations yield trials over three years and six locations in a randomized complete block design with six replications. The results of these trials exhibited that the new variety surpassed the three commercial varieties of these locations in most yield traits. Super Giza 94 is characterized by early maturity with high yield potential, fluffy opening and easy to pick, strong resistance to Fusarium wilt disease, high lint percentage (40.2%) with improved fiber traits including fiber length (34.1mm), fiber strength (43.4 g/tex), micronaire reading (4.2), uniformity ratio (86.9%), yellowness +b (8.3), brightness Rd (79.8%) and white lint color. Super Giza 94 can solve maximum challenges of better cotton production in the area and fulfill industrial requisitions. For that, recommended for general cultivation in the Delta region in the 2016 growing season.

Coarse grain is an important part of dietary structure, but the poor palatability and processing characteristics restrict the further development of coarse grain industry. After germination, its nutrients and functional active components are enhanced, and its taste and processing characteristics are changed. It is a new food raw material with great development potential. Different kinds of coarse grain sprouts provide consumers with diversified choices, but their nutritional function differences are lack of systematic analysis. This paper compares the contents of nutritional components and functional components of different kinds of coarse grain sprouts, expounds the lipid-lowering, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects of coarse grain sprouts and their products, and expoundes the production technology and quality improvement methods of coarse grain sprouts, so as to provide reference and ideas for improving people's dietary structure and the further development and utilization of coarse grain sprouts.

This article reflects the results of a study on the effect of nettle leaf powder on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of wheat bread. Nettle leaves is a good source of proteins, fibers, minerals and other bioactive compounds and it could be an ideal ingredient for improving the nutritional value of bread and bakery products. Nettle leaf powder was mixed with wheat flour in different ratios: 1 %, 3 % and 5 % to prepare bread samples. The results showed a significant increase in the protein, ash and fiber content of bread. The specific volume of the bread decreased as the level of nettle leaf powder increased due to a decrease in the gluten content of the mixture and due to the interaction between dietary fiber components, water and gluten. Substitutions of 1 %, 3 % and 5 % give parameter values at least the same as the control sample and give acceptable indicators of bread quality in terms of specific volume and organoleptic properties.

Over the past 10–15 years, there has been a significant change in people’s access to information. The need for food manufacturers to understand consumers and their motivation in choosing a product has increased. This research aims to analyze the relevance and applicability of the transparent production concept in the conditions of the Russian Federation and identify the most significant problems for educational work. The research tasks are as follows: (1) comparing preferences of consumers buying meat in Russia and the USA; (2) studying the differences in the perception of visual information and attitudes towards industrial production depending on the level of competence; (3) analyzing key aspects of pork production that are of the greatest interest to consumers; and (4) analyzing existing tools for communicating with consumers. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks set: (1) theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization, and comparison of information on the research problem); (2) empirical (questioning, conversation, and content analysis); and (3) statistical (graphical and tabular interpretations of research data). The paper compares new data on the differences in preferences of consumers buying meat. Within the transparent production concept, the nine most relevant areas for educational work aimed at increasing mutual understanding between consumers and producers of meat products are identified. The analysis has shown that depending on the experience and knowledge of the biological characteristics of pigs, there is a fundamental difference in the assessment of animal welfare in specific production conditions. The following areas are identified as the most relevant for educational work: (1) environmental protection measures; (2) measures to reduce odors; (3) outdoor and indoor production; (4) fixed or free housing of gestating sows; (5) castration, cutting tails, and grinding fangs; (6) practice of using antibiotics; (7) practice of using growth stimulants; (8) nature of rapid growth and reaching slaughter condition; and (9) animal welfare. As the main tools for information communication with consumers, it is proposed to more actively using social networks, company websites on the Internet, television and radio, press publications, and agritourism, as well as agroclasses and agrohours at schools.

3D printing supply chain network. The objective is to analyze regional facility configurations in order to lower investment risks for an organization that aims to provide additive manufacturing The growing 3D printing market can be an attraction for investment in new businesses, which may entail strategic planning for new ventures. This paper presents a case study of designing a services for orthopedic and dental prostheses production. To this end, the competitive environment, the aggregating factor and logistic costs, tariffs and tax incentives, regional demand, political factors, the value of currency, and the demand uncertainty are analyzed. The results indicate that the adopted framework for network design decisions effectively allows the analysis of regional facility configuration. It also suggests that there are no hindering factors to the implementation of a 3D printing service company. In the region studied, there are fiscal incentives of more than 60% for taxes on the movement of goods between municipalities, which can be an advantage when locating facilities outside the capital. Competitors are well qualified, but there is room for new companies focused on quality and price, which may be a case for specialized products such as protheses. The estimated demand ranges from 146 to 509 units per month, which may be an opportunity for a new entrant given the few additive manufacturing ventures identified in the region.

Currently, submerged cultivation of the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 strain for live anthrax vaccine production requires liquid nutrient media, which have disadvantages of a short shelf life (no more than one month) and a narrow range of storage temperatures (2–8 °С). Dry media, in contrast, have a number of indisputable advantages: such media are transportable and easy to use, have a standard capability to retain properties, and can be stored without preservatives at 2–30 °С for 2–5 years. The aim of this work was to develop a technology for the preparation of a dry nutrient medium for anthrax vaccine production. Materials and methods: The study used the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain and a nutrient medium for its cultivation, containing a 70:30 mixture of an enzymatic digest of casein and a pre-processed corn extract solution. Drying of the nutrient medium was carried out on a spray-drying unit. The authors evaluated physicochemical parameters of experimental medium batches. The shelf life was determined by an accelerated stability study. The dry nutrient medium was used to produce a live anthrax vaccine. Quality attributes of the vaccine were assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements. Results: The authors developed the dry media production technology. According to it, the liquid nutrient medium is fed to the drying unit at a rate of 20–25 dm3/h. The spray air pressure is 0.02 MPa. Temperatures at the drying chamber inlet and outlet are 118–122 °С and 85–90 °С, respectively. The technology was used to obtain 3 experimental batches of the dry medium. The study results demonstrate that the technology is reproducible, and the tested quality attributes of experimental medium batches are consistent with the requirements. According to the accelerated stability study, the shelf life of the dry nutrient medium at 2–30 °С is at least 3 years. Experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the dry nutrient medium for live anthrax vaccine production. Critical quality attributes of the vaccine obtained with the medium met regulatory requirements. Conclusions: The developed technology allows for the production of a standard dry nutrient medium with a prolonged shelf life, which is convenient for live anthrax vaccine production.

Yunnan Pu'er tea making technology is a major part of China's national intangible cultural heritage. At present, there is a lack of digital research on the production technology involved in making Pu'er tea. Through literature research and field investigation, this study collected relevant and empirical data, which were then sorted to present the complete production process of Pu'er tea and create the metadata standard set of Pu'er tea making skills. These research results will upgrade the intangible cultural heritage information management system, break through traditional display modes, and innovate cultural communication modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural and food system transformation helps increase farm productivity and encourages farmers to participate in updated value chains, adopt newer technologies, thereby helping farmers transform their livelihoods in a sustainable manner. Relatedly, value chain innovations depend on multiple decisions farmers make at various stages of the value chain, adequate participation being a primary factor. In this paper, we integrate farmers' adoption decision of a new variety of chilli crop ("Teja") along with their electronic market participation decision and e-market participation intensity, based on data from the chilli farming sector in India, where agricultural markets have been modernized through digitization (Kalgudi e-Market). Thus, the employed Triple-Hurdle Model (THM) integrates adoption decision of "Teja" variety of chilli, e-Market Participation Decision and e-market participation intensity thereby, allowing us to make inferences relating to chilli farmers in Andhra Pradesh, India. Our results, showed that the drivers of "Teja" variety adoption, e-market participation, and e-participation intensity include education, reliable extension services, access to seeds of high yielding varieties, market information, and membership in farmer-producer organizations. Added to these, personnel training visits, prompt deliveries of inputs, and prompt payment of sales proceeds are also important in influencing participation and intensities. Results show that the three stochastic decisions of THM are strongly correlated implying that the adoption decision of "Teja" variety of chilli by the farmers influences the e-market participation decision and consequently, e-market participation intensity and these three decisions are sequential. On the contrary, the decisions viz., e-market participation decision and e-market participation intensity as input buyers and consequent adoption of "Teja" variety of chilli are simultaneous. So, the policy measures that promote production technology interventions (say, "Teja" variety of chilli) will definitely enhance better e-market access of chilli farmers. Accordingly, the breeding programs of the agricultural research stations should enhance the uptake of improved varieties in tune with modern marketing (e-market) technologies. Future farm policy and agricultural-research and innovations must recognize the potential that the digital marketing systems have to offer. Such considerations coupled with the provision of market infrastructure including assaying, grading, storage, and market information will promote digital transformation in agricultural value chains in developing countries like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards the beginning of the 2nd millennium CE, the population of Western Siberia had achieved significant progress in the production and processing of ferrous metals. This is especially well demonstrated by the complexes of the 10th–13th centuries in the Lower Irtysh River area (Western Siberia) and Lower Ob River area (Western Siberia) (archaeological sites of the Ust-Ishim and Nizhneobskaya Cultures), whose materials allowed tracing a unified tradition of metalworking among the representatives of these cultures. At the time, the adjacent territory of the Tobol River (Western Siberia) was occupied by population of the Yudino Culture, whose sites yielded many different-type products from ferrous metals. At the same time, the remains of metal production sites, which confirm the presence of this craft in the economy of the population of the Tobol River area in the 9th–13th centuries, were found on the settlements. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the objects made of ferrous metals aiming at reconstruction of the technology of metal production among the representatives of the Yudino Culture. To solve this problem, we analyzed by means of structural metallography a selection of 26 items from the settlements of Papskoye, Krasnogorskoye, Barsuchye, Rafailovskoye, and Vak-Kur burial ground. The results of the analysis showed that the raw material base was represented by raw steel and bloomery iron, which was most likely produced by local metallurgists. The most common technology of metal processing was open forging of hot metal, during which the object was given a future shape. Most of the objects contain microstructures of sorbite and martensite, which may indicate the use of heat treatment techniques by the blacksmiths, particularly, of soft and hard quenching. In some cases, the masters used the stacked billet method to increase the weight of the product. Nevertheless, the materials show more complex technological schemes, for example, carburization and three-layer welding. Objects made using this approach are characteristic of the territory of Northern Rus and can be considered as imports in the Tobol territory (Western Siberia). Cast iron products can also be regarded as imported, since the production of cast iron appeared in Western Siberia after the 16th century. Thus, the blacksmiths of the Yudino Culture mastered a wide range of metalworking techniques. However, there are technology-enabled objects typical of the urban centers of Eastern Europe and Central Asia in the medieval archaeological sites of the Trans-Urals.

New functional foods based on local vegetal raw materials can accelerate the implementation of the Strategy for Improving Food Quality in the Russian Federation through 2030. The present research aimed at developing formulations and technology for new functional quick-frozen fruit-and-berry desserts. The study featured four dessert mixes: apricot-persimmon-buckthorn, apricot-feijoa-sloeberry, apricot-persimmon-cornel, and apricot-feijoa-currant. The quality of the finished products was evaluated using conventional methods according to the mass concentration of sugars, solids, pectin, titrated acids, vitamin C, β-carotene, and minerals. The desserts were tested for toxic elements based on the atomic absorption method. The microbiological safety parameters were determined after six months of refrigeration storage (t = –18°C) using standard methods. The physicochemical data made it possible to design formulations where all components complemented each other’s beneficial properties. To stabilize the quality and obtain the optimal structural and mechanical properties, the formulations were completed with a sugar-pectin solution (380 g per 1 kg) with 30% sugar and 1.3% pectin. The mass concentration of some biologically active substances made the desserts functional: 250 g of each product satisfied the daily intake of pectin substances by 51.9–61.3%, vitamin C – by 42.9–123.4%, β-carotene – by 22.5–47.5%, iron – by 8.9–20.5%, and iodine – by 13.3–30.0%. The new quick-frozen functional fruit-and-berry desserts proved to have advanced organoleptic indices and met the safety requirements provided by Technical Regulations of Customs Union TR TC 021/2011.

This paper examines key features of the preparation of high-purity Ga from electronic and electrical engineering industry waste. The decrease in the melting point of impurity-containing Ga is assessed thermodynamically in the ideal solution approximation. It is proposed that the purity of gallium in the final crystallization purification step can be monitored via precision measurement of the temperature of the melt with a pyrometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In all-solid-state battery (ASSB) research, the importance of sulfide electrolytes is steadily increasing. However, several challenges arise concerning the future mass production of this class of electrolytes. Among others, the high reactivity with atmospheric moisture forming toxic and corrosive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a major issue. On a production scale, excessive exposure to H2S leads to serious damage of production workers’ health, so additional occupational health and safety measures are required. This paper investigates the environmental conditions for the commercial fabrication of slurry-based sulfide solid electrolyte layers made of Li3PS4 (LPS) and Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) for ASSBs. First, the identification of sequential production steps and processing stages in electrolyte layer production is carried out. An experimental setup is used to determine the H2S release of intermediates under different atmospheric conditions in the production chain, representative for the production steps. The H2S release rates obtained on a laboratory scale are then scaled up to mass production dimensions and compared to occupational health and safety limits for protection against H2S. It is shown that, under the assumptions made for the production of a slurry-based electrolyte layer with LPS or LGPS, a dry room with a dew point of τ=−40 ∘C and an air exchange rate of AER=30 1h is sufficient to protect production workers from health hazards caused by H2S. However, the synthesis of electrolytes requires an inert gas atmosphere, as the H2S release rates are much higher compared to layer production.

Diversification of dairy products for baby food is a topical trend in the development of the dairy industry. In the process of producing an ultra-heat-treated (UHT) milkshake, milk with a mass fraction of fat 3.5 %, skim milk with a mass fraction of fat 0.5 %, fruit filling "Cherry" and a vitamin premix are used. The technological process of production includes the acceptance of raw materials, assessment of their quality in accordance with regulatory documents; heat treatment of raw milk; preparation of a normalized mixture; adding ingredients. The prepared mixture is sent for deaeration to a flow-through apparatus, then to a homogenizer, where it is subjected to ultra-pasteurization at a temperature of 136 ± 2 °C with a holding time of 4 ± 1 s. The final stage of cocktail production is packaging and intermediate storage. The resulting product was tested in the laboratory for organoleptic and physicochemical indicators. During the experiments, it has been found that the taste, smell, colour, appearance and consistency meet the requirements of state standards. The content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium and titratable acidity are within acceptable values; the content of vitamins A, D3, E, B6 is higher than the minimum values. The research results on safety indicators meet the requirements of technical regulations. Antibiotics, GMO-derived materials and preservatives are not found in the product. The energy value of the baby milk shake is 63.7 kcal (266.6 kJ/100 g of product).

Despite a significant amount of work in the field of mechanically doped alloys and, above all, based on aluminum and copper, research aimed at creating mechanically doped alloys is extremely limited. In this regard, the following work aimed at to establishing the regularities of the formation of the phase composition, structure, and properties in the implementation of the technology for obtaining mechanically doped heat‑resistant steels, is important and relevant.The basis for the development of mechanically doped alloys were the results of long‑term research carried out at the Belarusian‑Russian University and aimed at studying mechanically and thermally activated structural phase transformations taking place at all the technological stages of obtaining mechanically doped metal alloys. In this article, in a generalized form the final research results are presented, revealing the patterns of these transformations, which are a reliable scientific basis for the creation of mechanically doped complex‑hardened heat‑resistant steels.

Agricultural production in Europe has been focused on increasing its efficiency and improving its ecological imprint. New digital technologies have created opportunities to achieve these goals and thus created a competition among producers for their implementation on a large scale. In the meantime, CAP of EU has presented multiple forms of support for the digital transformation of the sector. The goal of this study is to analyze the key points of digital transformation of agricultural production in Europe and distinguish the opportunities for technological adaptation of digital solutions in Bulgaria. In order to achieve this goal the following tasks must be solved: to analyze the means of digital transformation of food production in Europe and its main advantages; to recognize the opportunities for transfer of technologies and solutions adapted for the Bulgarian agricultural sector.

3D printing supply chain network. The objective is to analyze regional facility configurations in order to lower investment risks for an organization that aims to provide additive manufacturing The growing 3D printing market can be an attraction for investment in new businesses, which may entail strategic planning for new ventures. This paper presents a case study of designing a services for orthopedic and dental prostheses production. To this end, the competitive environment, the aggregating factor and logistic costs, tariffs and tax incentives, regional demand, political factors, the value of currency, and the demand uncertainty are analyzed. The results indicate that the adopted framework for network design decisions effectively allows the analysis of regional facility configuration. It also suggests that there are no hindering factors to the implementation of a 3D printing service company. In the region studied, there are fiscal incentives of more than 60% for taxes on the movement of goods between municipalities, which can be an advantage when locating facilities outside the capital. Competitors are well qualified, but there is room for new companies focused on quality and price, which may be a case for specialized products such as protheses. The estimated demand ranges from 146 to 509 units per month, which may be an opportunity for a new entrant given the few additive manufacturing ventures identified in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]