Search

A five-month-old female Boerboel puppy presented with a rapidly expanding fibrous growth around the canine tooth of the right maxilla was diagnosed as having acanthomatous ameloblastoma based on findings from skull radiography, cytology of fine needle aspiration, biopsy and histopathology of resected growth. Lateral radiograph of the skull revealed moderate osteolysis of the maxilla with presence ofun-erupted maxillary canine teeth. Cytology of fine needle aspirate from the growth showed clusters of epithelial cells that were hyperchromatic and showing palisade arrangement. The mass was surgically resected using diathermy instrument following general anaesthesia using combination of intramuscular injection of xylazine (0.5mg/kg), and intravenous injection of propofol (4mg/kg). Post-operative management included Ibuprofen suspension (100mg) administered for 3-days, intravenous vincristine (0.5mg/m2 ) once weekly and oral cyclophosphamide (50mg) was administered twice weekly for six weeks. Histopathology of the growth showed odontogenic epithelium embedded in pulp ectomesenchyme. Features of odontogenic epithelium include palisading epithelium with anti-basilar nuclei and centrally located cells having features of stellate reticulum. This is probably the first reported case of acanthomatous ameloblastoma in a Boerboel puppy that was successfully managed. Keywords: Acanthomatous, Ameloblastoma, Boerboel-puppy, Chemotherapy, Odontoid

Changes in plasma concentrations of trace elements and oxidants/antioxidants were evaluated in twenty healthy Boerboels of both sexes and median age of 2 years. Antero-posterior and flexed lateral radiographs of the hip were obtained using digital x-ray machine and hip grading was done according to Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) system. Blood was collected from the cephalic vein for determination of plasma concentrations of manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Vitamin E. Correlation between the parameters was done using Pearson’s correlation. Eleven (11/20) of the Boerboel dogs had hip dysplasia (HD), comprising five (5/9) males and six (6/11) females. Plasma Mn, Cu and Co were insignificantly higher in Boerboels with normal hips than those with HD. MDA concentration was significantly (p

An eleven month old male, juvenile lion brought for rehabilitation at the Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) Wildlife Park was diagnosed with gastrointestinal foreign body and intussusception based on the history of persistent vomiting following ingestion of a cotton towel, and radiographic findings of a radiopaque gastric foreign body extending from the fundus to the pylorus and a cylindrical soft tissue mid-abdominal mass. The lion was premedicated with an intramuscular injections of ketamine (5 mg.kg−1) and midazolam (0.25 mg.kg−1), while anaesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of propofol (2 mg.kg−1). A celiotomy followed by gastrotomy and subsequent intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed to remove the gastrointestinal foreign bodies and correct the intussus ception. The lion recovered well without any complication and was gradually introduced back into the group housing three weeks later following successful alimentation process. This report is probably the first case of intussusception in a lion that was associated with a gastrointestinal foreign body.

This study compares the coxofemoral parameters used for the detection of hip dysplasia in humans with Norberg angles in Boerboel dogs. Twenty adult Boerboel dogs of both sexes (mean weight: 54.0 ± 7.54 kg) were used. They were premedicated with Xylazine (0.5 mg.kg−1) and induced with a propofol (4 mg.kg−1) injection. Extended antero-posterior radiographs of the hip were obtained with a digital X-ray machine. Linear Femoral Overlap (LFO), Norberg Angle (NA), Sourcil Sector Angle (SSA), Center Edge Angle (CEA) and Acetabular Index Angle (AIA) were determined. The inter- and intra-observer variability were calculated from inter- and intra- class correlation coefficient using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Fischer’s exact test was used to define the statistically significant difference in measurements between sexes and hip dysplasia status. A significant difference was set at P < 0.05. The intra-observer agreement was high for NA and CEA, moderate for AIA, but low for SSA and LFO, while inter-observer agreement was high for NA and CEA, moderate for LFO and AIA, but very low for SSA. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in the measured parameters between male and female Boerboels, however, NA and CEA were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in Boerboels with hip dysplasia than those with normal hips. The CEA does not have advantage over NA for radiographic screening of dogs with hip dysplasia.

Inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) have been evaluated in humans withosteoarthritis (OA). However, there has been no record of evaluation of ESR during OA in dogs. Changes in erythrocytesedimentation rates (ESR) and leukogram functions were evaluated following experimental knee osteoarthritis (OA).Tendogs of both sexes with (mean weight = 12.4 ± 1.8kg) were used. Experimental OA was induced in the right knee, using thegroove model and confirmed radiographically using evidence of joint space narrowing and presence of osteophytes. Gaitwas assessed subjectively and scores (GAS) were assigned. Blood was obtained fortnightly for the determination of ESR,total white blood cell (tWBC), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, while knee radiographs were obtained fortnightly fortwelve weeks. Radiographic scores (RAS), GAS, ESR and leukocyte parameters between the different time points werecompared with ANOVA. Correlation between parameters was evaluated using Pearson's correlation. A "P" value less than0.05 was considered significant. Both ESR and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio increased from week 0 to week 12 of OA.However, tWBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts did not differ significantly. Both GAS and RAS increased up to week 4and 6 of OA respectively. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates was significantly (p= 0.033) and positively correlated (r=0.793)with N/L ratio, but negatively and slightly correlated (r= -0.843) with GAS. There was no significant correlation betweenESR and RAS. It was concluded that both ESR and N/L ratio might be useful in monitoring progression of OA in dogs.

Babesiosis accounts for a high percentage of hospital cases in canines in Africa, with about 40% mortality in the cases presented. In Nigeria, records show an estimated 30% annual morbidity when diagnosis is largely based on clinical and laboratory findings. This study monitored clinical indices associated with canine babesiosis. One hundred and three babesiosis-suspected dogs were selected on the basis of clinical signs of anorexia, fever, presence of ticks, and enlarged lymph nodes or spleen when clinical parameters were recorded at the time of presentation. Parasite detection was done using thin blood smears; that is, the presence of Babesia merozoites was compared between capillary and cephalic blood. Blood was also assayed for hematology and blood chemistry using automated blood analyzers. The babesiosis-infected dogs’ outcome was monitored. Data obtained were analyzed using chi-square test, analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation. Results based on thin blood smears showed that 61.1% of the dogs were positive for Babesia species. Breed disposition, sex, and age did not significantly influence the incidence of Babesia canis, while mean rectal temperatures did not differ significantly between the cases (P>0.05). Heart rate and pulse rates of Babesia-positive dogs were significantly (P, Video abstract

The influence of tramadol on the anaesthetic indices and physiological parameters of epidural injection of lignocaine was evaluated in West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep undergoing laparo-ovariectomy. Ten female sheep weighing (16.2 ± 1.3 kg) were randomly allocated into anaesthesia with epidural injection of lignocaine (4mg/kg) (LIG), or lignocaine (2mg/kg) and tramadol (2mg/kg) (LIG-TRA). Following anaesthesia, they were aseptically prepared and subjected to laparo-ovariectomy. Behavioural changes were noted as they occur, and onset of drug action (OAN) (time between epidural injection and loss of pedal reflex), duration of analgesia (DAN) (time between disappearance and reappearance of pedal reflex) were determined. Also, duration of recumbency (DRC) (time between loss of righting reflex and returns to sternal recumbency) and recovery time (RCT) (time between re-appearance of pedal reflex and when the animal was able to stand without ataxia) were determined. Rectal temperatures (RT), respiratory rates (RR) and heart rates (HR) were determined every ten minutes for two hours. Results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean. Anaesthetic indices were compared with Student's t-test, while physiological parameters were compared with analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. In this study, one sheep anaesthetized with LIG-TRA had bloat while none in sheep anaesthetized with LIG had bloat. The OAN was significantly (p0.05) shorter in LIG-TRA (1.4 ± 0.5 mins) than with LIG (4.4 ± 2.8 mins). Although DAN and DRC were longer in LIG-TRA (133 ± 19.5 mins, 192.6 ± 43.6 mins) than LIG (119.4 ± 52.5 mins; 166.2 ± 30.6 mins) respectively, values were not statistically significant (p = 0.863). In addition, RCT was longer in LIG-TRA (56.0 ± 48.6 mins) than LIG (34.0 ± 20.6 mins). The RT, RR and HR did not differ significantly (p0.05) between LIG-TRA and LIG, and as well as throughout the duration of study. It was therefore concluded that tramadol did not appear to improve the anaesthetic indices of epidural lignocaine injection in sheep but increased the duration of recumbency with the tendency to cause bloat.

The cytogenic origin of canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) still remains unknown. Resulting from paucity of information on the histiocytic phenotypic features and behaviours of CTVT, this study was undertaken to show some uncommon cytomorphological features of CTVT and its immunoreactivity with S-100 protein. Nine cases of CTVT were investigated (6 females and 3 males) using nine fine needle aspirates for cytology and four biopsy samples for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Cytology revealed CTVT cells with pale basophilic, fine granular cytoplasm and distinct intra-nuclear (3/9) and intra-cytoplasmic (9/9) vacuolations. Erythrophagocytosis by a giant binucleated CTVT cell in one dog and nuclear budding in 2 dogs were observed. Histopathology showed loose sheets and cords of uniformly round to ovoid cells with slight indistinct eosinophilic cytoplasm and a tendency towards glandular as well as syncytial formation. Nuclei were large and round with a single centrally placed nucleolus. The mitotic index was high. Immunohistochemistry of the four biopsy samples revealed negative immunoreactivity to pan-cytokeratin, actin and desmin but positive immunoreactivity with vimetin and S-100 proteins. This is the first report in which CTVT showed erythrophagocytosis, nuclear budding and positive immunoreactivity to S-100 protein. Based on these cytomorphological and immunohistochemical features, we conclude that CTVT is of histiocytic/dendritic origin.Keywords: Cytology, histopathology, Histiocytic origin, immunohistochemistry, Transmissible Venereal Tumour

To determine the effect of midazolam on ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, 20 guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Birds in group KX were anesthetized with ketamine (15 mg/kg i.m.) and xylazine (2.5 mg/kg i.m.), whereas the birds anesthetized in group KXM received midazolam (0.3 mg/kg i.m.) in addition to the ketamine and xylazine protocol. The onset of anesthesia, duration of analgesia, duration of recumbency, and recovery time were determined. Heart and respiratory rates as well as cloacal temperatures were recorded immediately after drug administration and at 10-minute intervals until the birds were sternally recumbent. Analgesia was assessed as a response to artery forceps applied to the digit and skin proximal to the tarsal joint. The mean (SD) duration of analgesia in the group KXM birds was 37.4 +/- 23.5 minutes, whereas no analgesia was apparent with the group KX birds. The duration of recumbency was significantly longer and respiratory rates were significantly lower in group KXM birds compared with those in group KX. Adverse effects were minimal and included diarrhea (n = 1) and hypersalivation (n = 2) in group KX birds, and regurgitation (n = 2) in group KXM birds. Midazolam administered intramuscularly appeared to improve the anesthetic quality of ketamine and xylazine in guinea fowls without adversely affecting safety.

Objective: To test the effects of dietary supplementation of Lepidium sativum (LS) seed powder on growth performance and gonadotropins secretion in ovariectomized, estradiol- implanted rabbits. Methods: Ovariectomized, estradiol-implanted Chinchilla rabbits were assigned into four experimental groups: LS seed powder was included into normal rabbit chow at 0% (control), 5% (low), 7% (mid) and 10% (high) w/w. Experimental feed and water were given ad-libitum for 3 weeks. Weekly body weights and daily feed intake of rabbits were recorded. Twenty-one days post-feeding, blood samples were collected at 15-minute interval for 3 h (Period I) after which 2.5 μg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected intravenously and the sampling continued for another hour (Period II). Plasma was harvested and analyzed for luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by radioimmunoassay. Results: Feed intake was significantly (P

The influence of increasing the dosage of ketamine on anaesthesia induced by a combination of ketamine, xylazine and midazolam in pigs was determined by assessing the onset of action (OAN), duration of analgesia (DAN), anaesthesia time (ANT), and recovery time (RCT) in 10 growing pigs (Mean weight: 18.2 +/- 1.65 kg) receiving either 10 mg/kg intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 10% ketamine, 2 mg/kg i.m. injection of 2% xylazine and 0.25 mg/kg i.m. injection of 0.1% midazolam (K10XM) or 20 mg/kg i.m. injection of ketamine and 2 mg/kg i.m. injection of xylazine and 0.25 mg/kg i.m. injection of 0.1% midazolam (K20XM). In addition, the heart rates (HR), respiratory rates (RR) and rectal temperatures (RT) were determined immediately after drug administration and at 10 minute intervals over a period of 60 minutes. Analgesia was assessed by the response of the pigs to artery forceps applied at the interdigital space. Recovery was determined as pigs' ability to stand without ataxia. Data were expressed as mean +/- SEM while anaesthetic indices were compared using Student's t-tests. A P value of 0.05 was accepted as significant in all cases. In this study, both the OAN and RCT were significantly (P0.05) shorter in K10XM (1.4 +/- 0.2 min; 7.8 +/- 2.2 min) than in K20XM (2.2 +/- 0.2; 18.6 +/- 1.4 min) respectively. Similarly, the duration of anaesthesia was significantly (P0.05) shorter in K10XM (55.4 +/- 8.4 min) than in K20XM (92.0 +/- 13.6 min). The pigs that received K20XM combination had analgesia of duration of 41.4 +/- 12.6 min while those that received K10XM combination had no analgesia. However, the HR, RR, and RT were not significantly (P0.05) different between K10XM and K20XM. It was therefore concluded that the lower dose ketamine combination is better for the induction of anaesthesia, while the higher dose ketamine combination is preferable for surgery of short duration in pigs.