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IntroductionPoverty is one of the macro factors that has been little studied in terms of its effect on death from COVID-19 since most studies have focused only on investigating whether the pandemic increased poverty or not. With that on mind, the present study aims to analyze how the social deprivations that comprise the measurement of municipal poverty in interaction with health comorbidities and sociodemographic characteristics, increased the probability of death from COVID-19.MethodsThe study is cross-sectional and covers daily reports on the conditions of COVID-19 in the Mexican population for almost 2 years. Using data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance System and the National Council for Evaluation of the Social Development Policy (N = 5,387,981), we employ a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM), specifically a binomial generalized linear mixed model.ResultsThe findings indicate that, besides comorbidities, sociodemographic traits, and clinical aspects, living in a municipality where one or more of the social deprivations exist increases the probability of death. Specifically, in those municipalities where there is deprivation in education, social security, and food, as well as deprivation due to access to health services and deprivation in household services, the probability of death was greater.DiscussionLiving in a municipality with one or more of the social deprivations that compose poverty generated a greater probability of death. Each one of them or together, shows that poverty is a substantial factor for a pandemic like COVID-19 to worsen contagion and death, becoming a circle from which it is difficult to escape.

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo general mostrar cómo se consolidó una ciudad indígena posterior a la conquista, es decir, después de los huesos rotos y durante los primeros años de la administración de la Monarquía española en el Nuevo Mundo, para lo cual se centrará en las conexiones e interconexiones que gestaron los agentes o intermediarios de la Corona. Es así como la investigación está dividida en tres aspectos. El primero se referirá al modo de agregación del Señorío acolhua a la Corona española; el segundo se centrará en el papel de la evangelización, así como las relaciones entre los españoles y los indios nobles; por último, las alianzas y beneficios que los indígenas nobles recibieron mediante el apoyo de los españoles peninsulares, siendo la base de esta ayuda la influencia de los franciscanos, lo cual demostrará la importancia de las redes políticas.

IntroductionThe regimen with daratumumab, bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone (D-VMP) is one of the recommended treatments for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) non-transplant eligible due to the results described in the ALCYONE trial. However, real-life outcomes with this regimen are limited. This study assesses the real-life effectiveness and safety of this regimen.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data on efficacy, safety, and survival parameters of D-VMP regimen in 112 patients with NDMM not eligible for autologous stem-cell transplantation with attention to the effect of age, R2-ISS, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (CA), and depth of response.ResultsPatients aged ≥75 years constituted 70% of our cohort. Fifty-two percent had R2-ISS 3-4, and 60% had high-risk CA. Twenty-three percent of patients would have been excluded from the ALCYONE trial. After a median follow-up of 31.4 months, all patients had completed induction, with a median number of cycles of 9 (IQR 6-9). The overall response rate was 95%, and 72% achieved very good partial response (VGPR) or better. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 41.5 (95% CI, 34.3 to NE), and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached. The most frequent adverse event (AE) was neuropathy (27%), followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (13%) and hematological AE (10%). Age did not negatively impact survival outcomes. Patients with ≥2 high-risk CA or those who achieved

The purpose of this article is to show how English teachers have integrated the concept of interculturality and how they have affected the teaching of English in an intercultural university in southeastern Mexico. Based on the contributions of the ELF approach, biographical interviews with five English teachers were analyzed to explore their discourses on the educational model and its relationship with the sociocultural context of the Yucatan Peninsula. Interviews were analyzed through discourse analysis and three categories were obtained by which teachers make sense of their current professional practice: (1) the creation of intercultural relationships, (2) the interculturalization of ELT, and (3) discursive tensions towards an intercultural approach. Different positions and definitions about interculturality and its implications in the English classroom were found. Through an ELF approach, emphasis is placed on taking advantage of the diversity present in the classroom to develop intercultural awareness. It also explores the need to pay attention to communicative needs rather than continuing with traditional communication patterns and developing critical thinking in their students.

La protección jurídica al derecho de posesión en el Ecuador constituye un asunto controvertido e inacabado a pesar de tratarse de una institución jurídica antigua y desarrollada en la doctrina del Derecho Civil. No son pocas las controversias que se suscitan con motivo de la ocupación de bienes o cosas ajenas ante el desconocimiento de los derechos que genera la posesión pacífica, tranquila, ininterrumpida y de buena fe del poseedor. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la protección jurídica de la posesión, identificar los principios del Derecho que permiten la defensa jurídica de la posesión y promover su desarrollo teórico. Se toman como puntos de partida los conceptos de dominio y posesión, así como la forma en que se regulan en el Código Civil ecuatoriano. Se utiliza una metodología basada en el estudio documental y jurídico con aplicación del método exegético, análisis, síntesis y teórico jurídico. Se proponen un conjunto de principios derivados del Derecho en general y, de la ciencia civil en particular, aplicables al derecho de posesión y, se resumen los elementos, fundamentos, naturaleza jurídica y relación de la posesión con el derecho de propiedad.

La investigación presentada aborda las consecuencias derivadas de la política pública implementada durante la pandemia del COVID-19.La preocupación nace en la necesidad de aportar elementos a fin de encontrar una forma efectiva de tratar el desempleo, misma que debería hacerse desde una perspectiva jurídica donde se logren repensar las políticas públicas con miras a fomentar la recuperación económica y la transformación de los modelos de desarrollo de las cuales en consecuencia se pueda generar plazas de trabajo y a su vez disminuir las tasas de desempleo. Se aplicó el método de investigación documental de tipo bibliográfica, se realizaron análisis de la doctrina y normativa legal, en especial de políticas públicas centradas en la materia de estudio y como técnica el uso de datos secundarios.

The positive effects of whole-body vibration exercise in rehabilitation, sport, fitness and preventive medicine have led to a proliferation of vibrating platforms. However, discrepancies have been claimed between the manufacturers’ vibration parameters and the vibration applied by the platforms. In addition, the dimensions, materials and motors used in their manufacture mean that each platform behaves differently. These factors can influence their transmission to the human body and, consequently, their effects. Thus, measured vibration parameters were recommended to report the vibration parameters as accurately as possible. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the feasibility of a large vibration platform. Measurements of vibration parameters and their transmission were added. These parameters were measured using six accelerometers (platform, ankle, knee, hip, third lumbar vertebra, and head) throughout five postures (toe-standing, erect, high squat, deep squat, and lunge) and three vibration frequencies (20 Hz, 25 Hz, and 30 Hz). On the platform, peak accelerations of 1 ± 0.2 g, displacements of 1 ± 0.1 mm at 20 Hz and 25 Hz and 0.6 mm at 30 Hz, and a frequency from the setting of +0.5 Hz were obtained. In the human body, peak accelerations can exceed 2 g, and these transmissibility amplifications were found at the ankles and knees. However, at the hip, accelerations plummet and transmissibility attenuation occurs all the way to the head. The signal purity was highly satisfactory, although at the hip and third lumbar vertebra when adopting the toe-standing and lunge, some less satisfactory results were found—especially at 20 Hz and 30 Hz. Present data indicate that the long vibration platform can be used for exercise and health in a safe way, although its specific behaviours have to be taken into account in order to optimise its applicability.

Color is an important parameter in food because it can be associated with quality. Since ancient times, natural dyes have been used in foods to make them attractive, but due to their poor stability to environmental factors and production processes, technologies emerged over time that led to getting artificial pigments with high stability, low production costs, and high dyeing capacity. However, some adverse indications of health damage have been reported, and that is why there is a growing interest in using natural colorants in food again. The red color is one of the most striking and important tones in the food sector since it is attractive, and it can produce expected taste sensations. One of the natural pigments that provide this red hue are anthocyanins, compounds that are widely distributed in plant sources, unlike artificial colors, have been associated with multiple health benefits. However, the application of anthocyanins represents a challenge due to their low stability against factors such as pH, oxygen, light, and temperature, so they are being stabilized through chemistry or physics way. This work aims to highlight the importance of anthocyanins and illustrate a summary of stabilization and conservation strategies used in patents applied in the food industry, as a methodological background to increase the use of natural pigments in diets.

El presente manuscrito, es producto de una suma de reflexiones generadas ante el encuentro con la Nueva Escuela Mexicana (NEM). Este nuevo modelo educativo en México ha sido tema de discusión, diálogo y debate en distintos espacios y escenarios educativos. Su llegada, desde el 2022, ha tensionado la práctica del profesorado en torno a la construcción del programa analítico y docente. El objetivo central se circunscribe como una propuesta metodológica y práctica para la construcción de dichos programas. La metodología empleada partió de un ejercicio de revisión documental a través de un análisis hermenéutico y de un proceso de análisis fenomenológico de los distintos espacios de capacitación del colectivo docente.

Los motivos detrás de la migración irregular de niños y mujeres embarazadas son diversos y complejos, pero se destacan la inestabilidad política, la violencia y la pobreza en los países de origen. Ecuador, debido a su ubicación geográfica y políticas migratorias relativamente flexibles, se ha convertido en un punto de tránsito y destino para muchos migrantes vulnerables. Los niños que emprenden este peligroso viaje están expuestos a innumerables riesgos, incluyendo la explotación, trata y abuso. Es fundamental implementar políticas que protejan sus derechos y bienestar, así como brindarles acceso a servicios esenciales como educación y atención médica. Las mujeres embarazadas también enfrentan una situación delicada, ya que la travesía puede poner en riesgo su salud y la de sus bebés. La falta de acceso a atención médica adecuada durante el viaje y en el país de destino agrava sus vulnerabilidades. Para abordar esta problemática, se requiere una respuesta integral y coordinada que involucre a los gobiernos de los países de origen, tránsito y destino. Es esencial establecer medidas de protección y asistencia específicas para los grupos más vulnerables, garantizando sus derechos humanos y brindándoles oportunidades para una vida digna y segura.

Las acciones afirmativas constituyen una de las temáticas que ha generado profundos debates en etapas recientes, fundamentalmente, por los conflictos que se producen a partir de adoptar las mismas sin tener en cuenta las características y rasgos que se encuentran ligadas a este tipo de medidas. El Estado, como máximo garante del bienestar colectivo, debe justificar ante la sociedad la implementación de las medidas o acciones afirmativas como mecanismo necesario para equilibrar la desigualdad en que se encuentran determinados grupos en situación de desventaja o marginalidad. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las concepciones teóricas y jurídicas acerca de las acciones afirmativas en Latinoamérica, así como las críticas que se han formulado en su contra. Para la investigación se utilizó una metodología jurídica, centrada en métodos teóricos, como el exegético y jurídico doctrinal, unido al análisis, la síntesis, inducción y deducción. En las conclusiones queda establecido el deber y responsabilidad del Estado con la promoción e implementación de las medidas afirmativas, así como la necesidad de sensibilización y participación que debe tener la ciudadanía a partir de la comprensión de la importancia que tiene igualar en derechos a las personas menos favorecidas.

The physicochemical and biochemical changes during the fermentation of four clones and two native varieties of Theobroma cacao L. were studied. Fermentation was performed in traditional wood cubes. During fermentation, the cotyledon pH decreased, and the temperature increased to more than 10 °C above the ambient temperature (47 °C). The fermentation index (FI) increased in the clones C1, C4, C8, C9, and Guayaquil (G) to close to one at 120 h of fermentation. For the FI of the cocoa Criollo (Cr), a value of 2.5 was proposed according to the spectrophotometric scan performance. The total polyphenol content increased in all the samples from 21 (C8) to 70 (Cr) % in a comparison of the TPC at T0 and T120, respectively. The total flavonoid content increased from 16 (C8) to 51% in Guayaquil (G) during the fermentation period. In the case of the methylxanthines, such as theobromine and caffeine, both quantities decreased. The theobromine content decreased in all the samples from 6 (G) to 31% (C8). The caffeine content decreased in all the samples from 3% in Cr to 25% in C1 and G after fermentation. The antioxidant capability did not change after 120 h of fermentation, and the amount of methylxanthines did not affect the antioxidant potential of the fermented cocoa. The FTIR scan of the fat-free cocoa showed significant differences between the unfermented and fermented beans, and several peaks assigned to carbohydrates and proteins decreased.

This study investigates agro-industrial by-products as sources of bioactive compounds, particularly focusing on phenolic compounds known for their antioxidant properties. With growing interest in natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants due to safety concerns, this study highlights the health benefits of plant-derived phenolic compounds in food preservation and healthcare products. Traditional and advanced analytical techniques were used to obtain phytochemical profiles of various residue extracts, including espresso (SCG) and cold-brew spent coffee grounds (CBCG), pineapple peel (PP), beetroot pomace (BP), apple pomace (AP), black carrot pomace (BCP), and garlic peel (GP). Assessments of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity (AC) supported their revalorization. CBCG showed the highest TPC, TFC, and AC. TPC content in by-products decreased in the order CBCG > SCG > GP > BCP > PP > AP > BP, with a similar trend for TFC and AC. Phytochemical profiling via FI-ESI-FTICR-MS enabled the preliminary putative identification of a range of compounds, with polyphenols and terpenes being the most abundant. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed key patterns among samples. Strong positive correlations (Pearson’s R > 0.8) indicated significant contribution of polyphenols to antioxidant capacities. These findings highlight the potential of agro-industrial residues as natural antioxidants, advocating for their sustainable utilization.

En el libro Con la ley a favor y la realidad en contra: intérpretes de lenguas indígenas en México, la doctora Cristina Kleinert, busca describir y analizar el proceso de formación y profesionalización de un grupo de intérpretes noveles de lenguas indígenas y sus primeras experiencias en el ámbito de la procuración de justicia. El libro cuenta el acompañamiento etnográfico que realizó durante diplomados de formación de intérpretes de lenguas indígenas en el estado de Puebla, México y las prácticas profesionales durante los primeros años del sistema de justicia adversarial.

Objetivo: Describir los factores que pueden determinar la reducción de los síntomas en el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y trastorno por estrés postraumático, mediante estimulación magnética transcraneal en combinación con terapia de extinción. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos (Cochrane, EBSCO, Pubmed, Sciencedirect y Wiley), con las palabras clave “transcranial magnetic stimulation”, “human”, “fear extinction”. Los criterios de selección incluyen estudios en humanos, tratamientos con terapia de extinción y EMT, en donde se registre la conductancia de la piel como variable de respuesta. Resultados: Existe poca investigación que cumpla con los criterios de la presente revisión bibliográfica. Se obtuvieron 5 artículos enfocados en el tratamiento de síntomas como el miedo y la recurrencia de recuerdos traumáticos. Los protocolos de estimulación son heterogéneos, la frecuencia de estimulación va de 1 Hz a 30 Hz. La estimulación de alta frecuencia fue la más utilizada. La duración máxima de los efectos reportados fue de 1 mes. Conclusiones: La EMT junto con la terapia de extinción como tratamiento para TEPT y TAG es un campo de estudio que requiere de más investigación. Los resultados sobre su eficacia no son concluyentes, el tamaño de muestra es pequeño y es necesario identificar qué protocolos son eficaces a largo plazo. Los estudios clínicos con pacientes que presenten estos trastornos son relevantes para conocer los efectos de aquellos protocolos que han sido exitosos en pacientes sanos (condicionados al miedo).

ABSTRACTThe geographical regions of northwestern Mexico consisting of the Pacific Ocean, the Baja California Peninsula with its mountain range along it, the Gulf of California, and the coastal zone with its Western Sierra Madre Mountain range, configure an alternation of water, land, water, land, all interacting with the atmosphere. It suggests investigating the cloud patterns, what clouds are most relevant in controlling radiation and the climate, and what type of cloud is associated with observed precipitation patterns in the region. The principal aim was to carry out a climatology of five types of clouds: cumulonimbus, cumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus and nimbostratus. The data set was obtained from the MODIS sensor, placed on the Aqua and Terra satellites, covering the period from 2001 to 2020. The results revealed that the precipitation distribution predominantly relates to the deep convective cloud pattern. A minor fraction of rain is associated with the nimbostratus cloud pattern. The pattern of the fraction of total coverage of the five types of clouds coincides very well with lower radiation values, demonstrating the regulatory role of clouds in the area’s climatology.

El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer un análisis de las formas en que la novela Era más grande el muerto actualiza el problema de la violencia sicarial, a través de la instalación de nuevos ejes de significación subjetivos. En este texto, a partir de un enfoque económico-materialista, Rivas problematiza esta modulación de la violencia desde los modos de circulación de los objetos-mercancía y las maneras en que estos producen, de acuerdo con unos ideales de sujeto, unas subjetividades chichipatas, que no habían sido consideradas en las narrativas hegemónicas sobre el tema. En la novela estas articulaciones subjetivas se extienden para constituir unas materialidades y escrituras chichipatas que instalan un nuevo régimen sensible más vulnerable, más dudoso y doblemente marginal que cristaliza una fractura en las dinámicas de la violencia. This paper analyzes how the novel Era más grande el muerto reconsider the problem of the representation of sicarial violence through the installation of a new articulation of subjective signification. In this text, from an economic-materialistic angle, Rivas problematizes this modulation of violence from the circulation ways of the commodities and the ways that produce, according to subject ideals, a chichipatas’s subjectivities, which had not been considered in the hegemonic narratives about the topic. In the story this subjectivity articulation spreads to build chichipatas materialities and scriptures that install a new sensible regime more vulnerable, more doubtful, and doubly marginal which configures a rupture in the violence dynamics. O objetivo do artigo é analisar as formas em que o romance Era más grande el muerto atualiza o problema da violência dos matadores de aluguel, através da instalação de novos eixos de significação subjetivos. Neste texto, partindo de um enfoque econômicomaterialista, Rivas problematiza esta modulação da violência a partir dos modos em que os objetos-mercadorias circulam e produzem, de acordo a ideais de sujeito, umas subjetividades chichipatas, que não haviam sido considerados pelas narrativas hegemônicas sobre o tema. No romance, esta articulação subjetiva se estende para construir materialidades e escrituras chichipatas que instalam um novo regime sensível, mais vulnerável, duvidoso e duplamente marginal, que cristaliza uma fratura nas dinâmicas da violência.

Abstract Horses are seasonal polyoestrous animals, and the photoperiod is the main factor modulating their reproductive activity. There is no consensus on the andrological and biochemical factors that influence breeding seasonality. To assess the involvement of climate in reproduction, Mangalarga Marchador stallions were monitored over 1 year regarding semen quality and seminal plasma proteome. Here, we show that kallikrein (KLKs) proteoforms in seminal plasma are involved in climate conditioning of reproduction. During the breeding season, greater abundance and different types of KLKs occurred simultaneously to lower sperm motility, greater semen volumes and higher concentrations of glucose and cholesterol. Considering that vasodilation due to activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and the consequent inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system may be associated with lower sperm motility, unravelling the involvement of KLK proteoforms in reproductive seasonality is a priority in horse breeding.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of edible films (EFs) on important parameters of fresh guacamole and to select the best EF for evaluating its stability and protection effect after 28 days of storage (at 4 and 20°C). EFs based on chitosan (2%), glycerol (1%), citric acid (1.5–2.5%), and lemon-onion extract (0–2%) were applied on the surface of fresh guacamole to evaluate its effect in its color and microbiological and antioxidant properties after 48 h of storage (at 4 and 20°C). Results indicated that EFs delay the total color change and increase the antioxidant capacity of guacamole, while the microbial count was less than 100 CFU/g and 10 CFU/g for mesophylls and molds plus yeasts, respectively. According to the lowest total color change (7.93–14.92) and highest antioxidant capacity (1201.22 mg Trolox/100 g), EF1 (2% chitosan, 1% glycerol, 1.5% citric acid, and 2% lemon-onion extract) was selected for its analysis during the storage. After 28 d of storage at 4 and 20°C, a slight change in the physical characteristics of the EF was observed, while microbial load and antioxidant properties remained constant. Moreover, the selected EF maintained its capacity to avoid guacamole browning, being well-accepted by consumers (I like - I like much) who did not detect the application of EF, even after 24 h of its application onto the fresh guacamole. Results presented in this study indicated that developed EF maintained the quality characteristics of guacamole, and its effect did not change after 28 d of storage.

This paper responds to two questions—What dimensions and indicators are relevant to the construction of social wellbeing? How are the levels of wellbeing distributed in the municipalities of Mexico City? To answer these questions, we use data from the Wellbeing Survey (N = 2,871) that is representative of Mexico City and its municipalities. We employed two methods, DM-R distances, and Mamdani's Fuzzy Inference Method. The results show that all the proposed dimensions and indicators contributed to the building of multidimensional social wellbeing; in the case of some indicators (social security, built environment, and public insecurity) they contributed less. This suggests government interventions should be designed in order to improve the gaps in those areas. The evidence also indicates that community wellbeing is a relevant dimension when measuring social wellbeing in large cities, in addition to identifying areas of intervention for the development of more efficient and inclusive public policies.

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and remains a significant public health concern, particularly in Latin American regions. This comprehensive narrative review addresses the relationship between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, focusing on Latin American women. It explores molecular and immunological aspects of HPV infection, its role in cervical cancer development, and the epidemiology in this region, highlighting the prevalence and diversity of HPV genotypes. The impact of vaccination initiatives on cervical cancer rates in Latin America is critically evaluated. The advent of HPV vaccines has presented a significant tool in combating the burden of this malignancy, with notable successes observed in various countries, the latter due to their impact on immune responses. The review synthesizes current knowledge, emphasizes the importance of continued research and strategies for cervical cancer prevention, and underscores the need for ongoing efforts in this field.

Lead recycling is very important for reducing environmental pollution risks and damages. Liquid lead is recovered from exhaust batteries inside stirred batch reactors; the process requires melting to be cleaned. Nevertheless, it is necessary to establish parameters for evaluating mixing to improve the efficiency of the industrial practices. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a powerful tool to analyze industrial processes for reducing operating costs, avoiding potential damages, and improving the equipment’s performance. Thus, the present work is focused on simulating the fluid hydrodynamics inside a lead-stirred reactor monitoring the distribution of an injected tracer in order to find the best injection point. Then, different injected points are placed on a control plane for evaluation; these are evaluated one by one by monitoring the tracer concentration at a group of points inside the batch. The analyzed reactor is a symmetrical, vertical batch reactor with two geometrical sections: one cylindrical body and a semi-spherical bottom. Here, one impeller with four flat blades in a shaft is used for lead stirring. The tracer concentration on the monitoring points is measured and averaged for evaluating the efficiency inside the tank reactor. Hydrodynamics theory and a comparison between the concentration profiles and distribution of tracer curves are used to demonstrate both methods’ similarities. Then, the invariability of the tracer concentration on the monitoring points is adopted as the main parameter to evaluate the mixing, and the best injection point is found as a function of the shortest mixing time. Additionally, the influence of the impeller rotation speed is analyzed as an additional control parameter to improve industrial practices.

This study aimed to develop bioactive bi-layer edible films based on starch (primary layer) and LAB-fermented whey and/or mango pulp powder solutions (secondary layer). Bioactive bi-layer edible films were evaluated for their physical properties, mechanical properties, antioxidant capacity, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus availability for 28 days (4 and 20 °C). Selected bioactive bi-layer edible film was applied to sushi to evaluate its sensory acceptance. The results indicated that bi-layer edible films based on LAB-fermented whey/mango solutions presented a higher quantity of phenolic compounds (95.87–107.67 mg GAE/100 g) and higher antioxidant capacity (74.84–77.64%). In addition, the higher viability (106–107 CFU/g) of L. rhamnosus after edible film production was obtained in those formulated with whey. After the storage period, the antioxidant capacity of all edible films was significantly affected by the storage time, while edible films containing whey in their formulation and stored at 4 °C had a L. rhamnosus count higher than 6 log cycles, which is the minimum required threshold to exert its beneficial effects in humans. The sushi covered with the selected bi-layer edible film was well accepted by the consumers, showing acceptance values between “I like it” and “I like it much”. Therefore, the developed bi-layer edible films can serve as an alternative for adding health-promoting compounds to sushi with an adequate sensory acceptance of the consumers.

La obra Recuerdos del claustro fue escrita por el franciscano fray Luis Malo y ha permanecido inédita; dicho texto es una crónica sobre el proceso de nacionalización de los conventos franciscanos en la Provincia del Santo Evangelio de México en la década de 1860. Luis Malo fue testigo ocular de lo que vivieron los religiosos al aplicarse la Ley de Nacionalización de Bienes Eclesiásticos, además de haber visitado distintos conventos antes de que fueran propiedad del Estado; también pudo intercambiar información sobre el tema con otros frailes cuando fungió como secretario de la Provincia del Santo Evangelio de México.

Introducción: La paternidad adolescente ha sido considerada un importante problema social que recientemente ha empezado a estudiarse desde la construcción sociocultural de las masculinidades y la desigualdad de género. Este trabajo contribuye a documentar la experiencia de la paternidad adolescente en las comunidades rurales indígenas Ch’oles y Tseltales del estado de Chiapas, México. Metodología: El estudio fue realizado a través de un enfoque cualitativo, la técnica de acopio de información consistió en entrevistas semiestructuradas y la selección de las personas participantes fue mediante la técnica de bola de nieve lineal. Se completó un total de 25 entrevistas. En específico, se entrevistó a 16 personas menores de 20 años que fueron padres o madres en la adolescencia; a cinco varones de 24 a 40 años; y a cuatro varones de 50 años o más. Resultados: La paternidad adolescente se asocia con la construcción de las masculinidades soportada en normas socioculturales tradicionales, como el pago por la novia, la poliginia y el intercambio de mujeres. El embarazo adolescente se asocia con la importancia de la paternidad para los hombres, pese a la resistencia de las mujeres a unirse y embarazarse tempranamente. Conclusiones: Diversas condiciones facilitan la ocurrencia de la paternidad adolescente no como un fenómeno individual, aislado, sino en el contexto de la producción (económica) de las estructuras familiares y de la subordinación de las mujeres, el cual se ha mantenido más allá de algunos cambios generacionales.

Introducción: El proceso de envejecimiento se caracteriza por un alto riesgo de patologías y síndromes geriátricos. Todas estas pueden afectar el estado nutricional de los adultos mayores, asociándose a resultados adversos para la salud. Objetivo: Aplicar el proceso de atención nutricia según la Academia de Nutrición y Dietética en un paciente adulto mayor institucionalizado con sarcopenia e hiperplasia prostática benigna. Métodos: Se presenta el caso de un paciente geriátrico masculino en el que se aplicó el proceso de atención nutricia durante siete semanas. En la evaluación del estado nutricio se consideraron los antecedentes relacionados con la alimentación/nutrición, las mediciones antropométricas, el análisis de los datos bioquímicos, exámenes médicos y procedimientos, los hallazgos físicos centrados en la nutrición y las herramientas de evaluación y monitoreo. Posterior a esto se identificaron los diagnósticos nutricionales para establecer las metas y realizar la intervención nutricional, por último, se realizaron los monitoreos nutricionales. Resultados: En el periodo de la aplicación del proceso de atención nutricia, el paciente logró incrementar su ingesta energética, proteica y de líquido, complementar el plan alimenticio con una fórmula polimérica especializada, asegurar su requerimiento de micronutrientes, tener una terapia suplementaria de vitamina D3 y recibir orientación alimentaria. Conclusiones: Las estrategias nutricias aplicadas permitieron preservar el peso corporal y masa muscular del paciente, así como mejorar su movilidad. Tomando en cuenta la importancia del estado nutricional en la evolución de estos pacientes, se propone aplicar el proceso de atención nutricia para guiar la toma de decisiones y asegurar un tratamiento nutricio óptimo.

el crowdfunding de recompensa es una interesante alternativa de financiación para iniciativas emprendedoras en su etapa inicial. Entre los factores que facilitan el éxito en dichas campañas destaca el comportamiento gregario, es decir, la tendencia a imitar las decisiones de financiación de los anteriores mecenas. El efecto gregario, o de rebaño, se ha demostrado robusto en investigaciones anteriores como un acto racional que apoya campañas con mayor probabilidad de conseguir el objetivo de financiación impuesto, su éxito. En este artículo se va más allá de ese resultado empírico de la literatura previa y se analiza si el comportamiento gregario se produce en el crowdfunding de recompensa incluso sin factor racional, como simple imitación de un comportamiento anterior, independientemente de la motivación racional del éxito del proyecto. Para ello, se diseña y ejecuta un experimento en una campaña real de financiación de un proyecto cultural en la plataforma Verkami, la más potente para proyectos culturales en España. Este experimento de campo permite analizar la causalidad entre las decisiones de los mecenas anteriores sobre el color de una recompensa y las elecciones de los mecenas siguientes. Los resultados muestran claramente un comportamiento gregario no racional en las elecciones de los siguientes mecenas en el crowdfunding de recompensa, que escogen mayoritariamente el mismo color que las aportaciones iniciales. El artículo confirma la importancia del componente no racional en la conducta gregaria en crowdfunding.

The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in multiple behavioral responses due to its wide distribution in the central nervous system. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor was associated to the loss of behavioral control over food intake occurring during food addiction. The cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) is expressed in brain areas canonically associated with addictive-like behavior and was linked to drug-addictive properties. In this study, we evaluated for the first time the specific role of the CB2R in food addiction by using a well-validated operant mouse model of long-term training to obtain highly palatable food. We have compared in this model the behavioral responses of wild-type mice, mutant mice constitutively lacking CB2R, and transgenic mice overexpressing CB2R. The lack of CB2R constitutes a protective factor for the development of food addiction and the impulsive and depressive-like behavior associated. In contrast, the overexpression of CB2R induces a vulnerable phenotype toward food addiction after long-term exposure to highly palatable chocolate pellets. Relevant transcriptomic changes were associated to resilience and vulnerability to food addiction depending on the genotype, which provides a mechanistic explanation for these behavioral changes. Therefore, CB2R may constitute a potential therapeutic target for the loss of eating control and the comorbid emotional effects associated to food addiction.

The positive effects of whole-body vibration exercise in rehabilitation, sport, fitness and preventive medicine have led to a proliferation of vibrating platforms. However, discrepancies have been claimed between the manufacturers' vibration parameters and the vibration applied by the platforms. In addition, the dimensions, materials and motors used in their manufacture mean that each platform behaves differently. These factors can influence their transmission to the human body and, consequently, their effects. Thus, measured vibration parameters were recommended to report the vibration parameters as accurately as possible. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the feasibility of a large vibration platform. Measurements of vibration parameters and their transmission were added. These parameters were measured using six accelerometers (platform, ankle, knee, hip, third lumbar vertebra, and head) throughout five postures (toe-standing, erect, high squat, deep squat, and lunge) and three vibration frequencies (20 Hz, 25 Hz, and 30 Hz). On the platform, peak accelerations of 1 ± 0.2 g, displacements of 1 ± 0.1 mm at 20 Hz and 25 Hz and 0.6 mm at 30 Hz, and a frequency from the setting of +0.5 Hz were obtained. In the human body, peak accelerations can exceed 2 g, and these transmissibility amplifications were found at the ankles and knees. However, at the hip, accelerations plummet and transmissibility attenuation occurs all the way to the head. The signal purity was highly satisfactory, although at the hip and third lumbar vertebra when adopting the toe-standing and lunge, some less satisfactory results were found—especially at 20 Hz and 30 Hz. Present data indicate that the long vibration platform can be used for exercise and health in a safe way, although its specific behaviours have to be taken into account in order to optimise its applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Launching satellites into the Earth’s orbit is a critical area of research, and very demanding satellite services increase exponentially as modern society takes shape. At the same time, the costs of developing and launching satellite missions with shorter development times increase the requirements of novel approaches in the several engineering areas required to build, test, launch, and operate satellites in the Earth’s orbit, as well as in orbits around other celestial bodies. One area with the potential to save launching costs is that of the structural integrity of satellites, particularly in the launching phase where the largest vibrations due to the rocket motion and subsequent stresses could impact the survival ability of the satellite. To address this problem, two important areas of engineering join together to provide novel, complete, and competitive solutions: topology optimisation methods and additive manufacturing. On one side, topology optimisation methods are mathematical methods that allow iteratively optimising structures (usually by decreasing mass) while improving some structural properties depending on the application (load capacity, for instance), through the maximisation or minimisation of a uni- or multi-objective function and multiple types of algorithms. This area has been widely active in general for the last 30 years and has two main core types of algorithms: continuum methods that modify continuous parameters such as density, and discrete methods that work by adding and deleting material elements in a meshing context. On the other side, additive manufacturing techniques are more recent manufacturing processes aimed at revolutionising manufacturing and supply chains. The main exponents of additive manufacturing are Selective Laser Melting (SLM) (3D printing) as well as Electron Beam Melting (EBM). Recent trends show that topology-optimised structures built with novel materials through additive manufacturing processes may provide cheaper state-of-the-art structures that are fully optimised to better perform in the outer-space environment, particularly as part of the structure subsystem of novel satellite systems. This work aims to present an extended review of the main methods of structural topology optimisation as well as additive manufacture in the aerospace field, with a particular focus on satellite structures, which may set the arena for the development of future satellite structures in the next five to ten years.

This study aimed to evaluate the proteomic profile of seminal plasma from young Nellore bulls. We used 20 bulls aged between 19.8 and 22.7 months, divided into two groups according to the results of the Breeding Soundness Evaluation (BSE): approved (FIT n = 10) and not approved (UNFIT n = 10). The scrotal perimeter was measured and a semen collection was performed through electroejaculation. The percentage of sperm motility, mass motility, and sperm vigor were calculated using conventional microscopy, and the percentage of sperm abnormalities was calculated using phase-contrast microscopy of all ejaculates. Seminal plasma was separated from spermatozoa using centrifugation and processed for proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS. Seminal plasma proteins were identified using MASCOT Daemon software v.2.4.0 and label-free quantification analysis was carried out by SCAFFOLD Q+ software v.4.0 using the Exponentially Modified Protein Abundance Index (emPAI) method. Functional classification of proteins was performed based on their genetic ontology terms using KOG. Functional cluster analysis was performed on DAVID. There were no differences in scrotal perimeter and physical semen characteristics between FIT and UNFIT groups of bulls. The percentage of sperm abnormalities was higher (p < 0.05) in the UNFIT group of bulls. A total of 297 proteins were identified for the two groups. There were a total of 11 differentially abundant proteins (p < 0.05), two of them more abundant in FIT bulls (Spermadhesin-1 and Ig gamma-1 chain C region) and nine in UNFIT bulls (Vasoactive intestinal peptide, Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2, Ig lambda-1 chain C regions, Protein FAM3C, Hemoglobin beta, Seminal ribonuclease, Spermadhesin 2, Seminal plasma protein BSP-30kDa, and Spermadhesin Z13). Spermadhesin-1 was the protein with the highest relative abundance (36.7%) in the seminal plasma among all bulls, corresponding to 47.7% for the FIT bulls and 25,7% for the UNFIT bulls. Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones were the functional categories with the highest number of classified proteins. Protein functional annotation clusters were related to Phospholipid efflux, ATP binding, and chaperonin-containing T-complex. The differentially abundant proteins in the group of FIT bulls were related to sperm capacitation and protection against reactive species of oxygen. In contrast, differentially expressed proteins in the group of UNFIT bulls were related to motility inhibition, intramembrane cholesterol removal and oxidative stress. In conclusion, the proteomic profile of the seminal plasma of FIT bulls presents proteins with participation in several biological processes favorable to fertilization, while the proteins of the seminal plasma of UNFIT bulls indicate a series of alterations that can compromise the fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa. In addition, the relative abundance of spermadhesin-1 found in the seminal plasma of young Nellore bulls could be studied as a reproductive parameter for selection.