16 results on '"Reale, Cormac"'
Search Results
2. Rainfall thresholds as a landslide indicator for engineered slopes on the Irish Rail network
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Martinović, Karlo, Gavin, Kenneth, Reale, Cormac, and Mangan, Cathal
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- 2018
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3. Development of a landslide susceptibility assessment for a rail network
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Martinović, Karlo, Gavin, Kenneth, and Reale, Cormac
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- 2016
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4. Fragility curves for rainfall-induced shallow landslides on transport networks
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Martinovic, Karlo, Reale, Cormac, and Gavin, Kenneth
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Rain -- Environmental aspects -- Models ,Climate models -- Usage ,Landslides -- Environmental aspects -- Models ,Failure mode and effects analysis -- Methods ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Many of the earthworks assets on rail transport networks were constructed in the 1800s and have thus operated for periods far in excess of their expected service life. Incidences of failure-- particularly shallow planar landslides-- are increasing, in part due to the effect of more intense and longer duration rainfall events. Network owners have difficulty in targeting scarce resources to reduce risk across networks. This paper proposes a methodology for developing fragility curves for rainfall-induced landslides on transport networks. Fragility curves provide the probability of exceedance of different limit states for a given hazard considering a range of magnitudes. In this paper, the vulnerability of slopes as expressed by a loss of performance is quantified for rainfall events of various intensities and duration. The approach expands upon probabilistic slope stability analysis and provides a rational logical framework for considering how vulnerable a slope is to rainfall-induced failure. Key words: fragility curves, vulnerability, probabilistic analysis, shallow landslides, rainfall, transport. Bon nombre des actifs de terrassement sur les reseaux de transport ferroviaire ont ete construits dans les annees 1800 et ont donc fonctionne pendant des periodes depassant de loin leur duree de vie prevue. Les incidences de defaillance, en particulier les glissements plans peu profonds, augmentent, en partie a cause de l'effet de pluies plus intenses et de plus longue duree. Les proprietaries de reseaux ont de la difficulte a cibler des ressources limitees pour reduire les risques sur les reseaux. Cet article propose une methodologie pour developper des courbes de fragilite pour les glissements de terrain induits par les precipitations sur les reseaux de transport. Les courbes de fragilite fournissent la probabilite de depassement de differents etats limites pour un danger donne en considerant une plage de grandeurs. Dans cet article, la vulnerabilite des pentes, exprimee par une perte de performance, est quantifiee pour les evenements pluvieux de differentes intensites et durees. Cette approche elargit l'analyse probabiliste de la stabilite des pentes et fournit un cadre logique rationnel permettant d'evaluer la vulnerabilite d'une pente a une defaillance provoquee par les pluies. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: courbes de fragilite, vulnerabilite, analyse probabiliste, glissements de terrain peu profonds, precipitations, transport., Introduction In Europe there has been substantial variation in weather patterns over recent decades that affect the performance of engineered slopes. Since 1950 mean annual rainfall levels have increased by [...]
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- 2018
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5. Sensitivity Studies on Scour Detection Using Vibration-based Systems
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Prendergast, Luke J., Gavin, Kenneth, and Reale, Cormac
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- 2016
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6. Multi-modal Reliability Analysis of Slope Stability
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Reale, Cormac, Gavin, Kenneth, Prendergast, Luke J., and Xue, Jianfeng
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- 2016
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7. Assessing the Vulnerability of Irish Rail Network Earthworks
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Martinović, Karlo, Gavin, Kenneth, and Reale, Cormac
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- 2016
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8. CPT based liquefaction potential of flood defences in the Netherlands
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De Gast, Tom, Notenboom, Paul, Abraimi, Amin, Reale, Cormac, and Gavin, Kenneth
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- 2022
9. A novel algorithm for vertical soil layering by utilizing the CPT data
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Mario Bačić, Reale Cormac, Petra Žužul, Kenneth Gavin, Meho Saša Kovačević, Lovorka Librić, and Lakušić, S.
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Layering ,CPT ,soil layering ,vertical variability ,SBT soil classification ,Algorithm ,Geology - Abstract
Determination of the relevant soil stratigraphy is of the paramount importance for any geotechnical analysis. The cone penetration test (CPT) is the cost-effective, rapid, continuous, and reliable testing method for assessing soil layering and estimating in-situ mechanical properties of soil, and as such is especially useful for subsoil investigations along linear infrastructure networks, such as roads, highways, or railways. The design soil profile can be effectively determined using the CPT-based soil behaviour type (SBT) classification system. However, the soil profile consists of layers of various thickness and some layers can be only a few centimetres thick. Because the cone needs to penetrate to a certain depth to develop the cone resistance and to identify the presence of another layer, thin layers of soil cannot be properly detected. The soil layering algorithm, presented in this paper, merges these thin layers into the adjacent layers and thus overcomes the unreliable determination of the thin layers. The implementation of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using a CPT carried out on the embankment test-site in north Croatia.
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- 2021
10. A Multiobjective Decision-Making Model for Risk-Based Maintenance Scheduling of Railway Earthworks
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Stipanovic, Irina, primary, Bukhsh, Zaharah Allah, additional, Reale, Cormac, additional, and Gavin, Kenneth, additional
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- 2021
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11. Developing correlations between the soil fines content and CPT results using neural networks
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Reale, Cormac, Gavin, Kenneth, Libric, L., Kovacevic, M. S., Jurić-Kaćunić, Danijela, Sigursteinsson, Haraldur, Erlingsson, Sigurður, and Bessason, Bjarni
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CPT ,fines content ,correlation ,neural network - Abstract
Knowledge of the fines content is necessary for all soil classification systems and an important factor in the evaluation of soil strength in liquefaction and seismic settlement analysis. This paper presents the application of cone penetration test, CPT data for estimating the soil fines content. The correlation can be used either as a first estimate of fines content (for example in the offshore environment) or to provide statistical information on the variation of fines content within a given area of interest (e.g. for a regional liquefaction study). The paper shows how field and laboratory test data were used with a neural network to correlate the CPT results and the fines content. Data from five site investigation locations across Northern Croatia were utilised. Verification of the approach is performed using field and lab test data from the Veliki vrh landslide.
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- 2019
12. Quantitative Landslide Susceptibility and Hazard Analysis for Earthworks on Transport Networks
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Martinović, Karlo, Gavin, Kenneth, and Reale, Cormac
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Earthworks such as cuttings and embankments account for a major part of the entire transport network infrastructure. Large parts of that infrastructure in Europe are susceptible to a range of geohazards, landslides being the most prevalent. These landslides frequently result in direct damage to assets, deaths and injuries, while indirectly also leading to traffic disruptions. There is a need therefore to identify critical assets where remediation efforts should be prioritised in order to prevent such events from occurring. Current state of the art practice involves using qualitative risk matrices, where the hazard and consequence components are determined through subjective visual survey observations. Landslide hazard analysis determines the spatial (susceptibility) and temporal probability of landslides of a certain intensity occurring over an observed area. A number of quantitative methods for landslide hazard and risk assessment have been developed recently; generally these methods are considered more effective due to their reduced subjectivity and their consideration of additional factors. A number of studies outline the application of these methods to natural terrain, but to date these methods have not been developed for transport network earthworks. This study presents and compares the results of two landslide susceptibility analysis approaches for cuttings and embankments on a section of Irish Rail network. The first, “geotechnical” approach uses probabilistic slope stability calculations to rank the assets by their reliability index. The second, “statistical” or “data driven” approach, uses logistical regression as a statistical tool to obtain the susceptibility ranking of the earthworks, using the database of previous failures on the network as an input. Furthermore, several methods for obtaining the temporal hazard characteristics are presented and applied, these methodologies combine to provide a full hazard assessment map of the network.
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- 2016
13. Landslide susceptibility assessment for engineered slopes using statistical and deterministic approaches
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Martinović, Karlo, Gavin, Kenneth, and Reale, Cormac
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Transport network ,Engineered slopes ,Landslide susceptibility ,Risk assessment - Abstract
Landslides cause hundreds of deaths and billions euros of damage to infrastructure and the environment each year. In order to predict the locations most susceptible to landslides, the field of landslide hazard assessment has gone through a massive development in the last twenty years by introducing a wealth of statistical and geotechnical landslide susceptibility models.However, these efforts have been largely restricted to landslides occurring in natural terrain even though landslides occurring on geotechnical assets on transportation networks can result in even greater consequences. Current risk assessment approaches for earthworks on large transportation networks still largely take form of subjective risk matrices with inputs gathered by visual walkover surveys using data stored in an asset database.This paper shows the application of two distinctive objective landslide susceptibility approaches on a case study of Irish rail. The first is a ‘statistical’, or ‘data-driven’ approach uses logistic regression as a statistical tool to establish the influence of slope-describing variables that have led to landslide occurrence. This approach draws the data from the asset database containing records of slope variables, and the adjoining landslide register. The same asset database is used as a basis for the second, ‘geotechnical’ or ‘deterministic’ approach. In this approach, geometrical and geotechnical properties of each slope are used to carry out probabilistic slope stability analysis, resulting in probability of failure for each slope.Both approaches result in susceptibility zoning for earthwork assets across the network, effectively ranking them in the criticality terms. This study compares the requirements, applicability and outcomes of each approach, and discuss the methods needed for developing each of them into hazard and risk assessments.
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- 2016
14. Deterministic and probabilistic multi-modal analysis of slope stability
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Reale, Cormac, primary, Xue, Jianfeng, additional, Pan, Zhangming, additional, and Gavin, Kenneth, additional
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- 2015
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15. Analysing the effect of rainfall on railway embankments using fragility curves
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Reale, Cormac, Gavin, Kenneth, and Martinovic, Karlo
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Slope Stability ,Rainfall-Induced Failure ,Embankments ,Vulnerability ,Probability of Failure ,13. Climate action - Abstract
Many railway embankments across Europe were constructed over 150 years ago. These embankments were not subject to rigorous design practice but instead were crudely constructed using end tipping techniques. As a result, the majority of these embankments are overly steep and far in excess of the design angles recommended in Eurocode 7. Over recent years, increased incidence of failure has been witnessed on these slopes following periods of prolonged or intense precipitation. This paper develops fragility curves to investigate how sensitive these steep slopes are to shallow translational failure when subjected to prolonged or abnormally intense rainfall. Rainfall intensity and condition are both considered for a range of slope angles. The significance of the findings are discussed in the context of transport slope asset management and risk assessment. The approach is a logical expansion on probabilistic slope stability analysis and could be used to interpret how vulnerable the transport network is to changing climatic condition.
16. Integration of satellite radar interferometry and civil engineering procedures to assess building and infrastructure conditions
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Macchiarulo, Valentina, Blenkinsopp, Christopher, and Reale, Cormac
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MT-InSAR ,remote sensing ,deformation monitoring ,bridges ,roadways ,Infrastructure vulnerability ,buildings ,early warning ,settlement ,tunnelling - Abstract
The deterioration of ageing infrastructure assets and the risk of damaging surrounding structures during new construction are major concerns for the transport industry worldwide. Whilst, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) could assist the lifecycle management of existing assets and the assessment of structures adjacent to large construction projects, the cost of sensors limits the number of structures that can be evaluated. Space-borne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a powerful remote-sensing technology which can provide deformation measurements over time for numerous points located on buildings and infrastructure assets. Such measurements are available with an accuracy comparable to traditional in-situ monitoring devices, but at a much lower cost. Furthermore, due to the combination of wide area coverage and high spatial resolution, InSAR can easily shift from local to larger scale, with the potential to provide a cost-effective tool for SHM on a regional level. However, to assess the condition of a given structure, InSAR deformation measurements need to be translated into structural performance indicators. This requires an integration of InSAR displacement measurements and structural information and/or models. Such integration can be particularly demanding for regional analysis, where a vast number of structures needs to be evaluated. The objective of this thesis is to develop a new methodology using InSAR data to monitor and assess the conditions of buildings and infrastructure assets on a regional scale. Such a methodology will allow the understanding of the long-term behaviour of existing infrastructure, and the assessment of damage to existing structures caused by new infrastructure construction. This involved: (i) the definition of performance indicators for the identification of anomalous structural deformations on a large scale; (ii) the integration of InSAR deformation measurements and structural models to interpret the measured deformations in relation to a specific source of movement; (iii) a clear definition of the InSAR challenges that still need to be overcome in order to use the developed methodology as an operational SHM tool. First, a new method using InSAR displacement measurements to evaluate the condition of large transport networks was developed. The proposed method is based on an automated workflow which enables the integration of InSAR deformation measurements and digital databases of roadway and bridge infrastructure to warn of potentially anomalous deformations within a given network. For each asset and roadway segment, the method allows the assessment of monitoring point density, the retrieval of local displacements and velocities, and the identification of anomalous relative movements within the same structure. The developed method provides output maps showing the distribution of PS density, local displacements, velocities and the locations of anomalies. The developed method was tested on the Los Angeles highway and freeway network and on the Italian motorway system, validating its performance from city to national scale. Furthermore, to show the capability of the proposed method of identifying potentially damaging movements, the case of an Italian motorway viaduct that was damaged in 2015 is presented. Second, a new method using InSAR displacement measurements for the structural assessment of buildings adjacent to tunnel excavations was developed. The proposed method is based on an automated workflow which enables the integration of InSAR deformation measurements, digital building databases and structural models of the building response to tunnelling-induced settlements. InSAR displacement measurements were used to estimate the settlement profile for each building. To calculate critical strains for each building, building settlement profiles were analysed through a semi-empirical model. On the basis of the estimated critical strain, a level of damage was assigned to each building. The proposed method provides as outputs damage maps showing the distribution of damage levels for the buildings along the excavation. The developed method was tested on the buildings along the Crossrail tunnel alignment in London, and enabled the identification of structural damage to more than 800 buildings, highlighting its capability as a city-scale assessment tool. The developed integration also provided the first large dataset of field information on building response to tunnelling, enabling the identification of relationships between structural characteristics and building responses. Finally, based on the technical issues encountered during this research and the open problems identified by other researchers, a discussion about the advances needed in InSAR technology to be used as a SHM tool was developed. In this discussion, each InSAR technological limitation was evaluated from a SHM perspective. The challenges that still need to be overcome to use InSAR as an operational tool were defined, with examples showing the practical limitations of InSAR technology. Possible solutions and promising research directions were also identified. The proposed methodology has the potential to inform timely maintenance and prioritisation decisions, and can complement in-situ monitoring instrumentation. Findings can improve current practice for condition monitoring and assessment on large scale, with the possibility to advance the understanding of structural deformation mechanisms.
- Published
- 2022
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