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Recurrent wildfires can negatively affect soil quality, and post-fire soil quality recovery is critical for maintaining sustainable ecosystem development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes and recovery of soil properties and soil quality in the forests of dry/warm river valleys in southwest China after disturbance by high-severity fires. In this study, the impact of fire on soil properties and soil quality was investigated for three years post-fire. Unburned forest land with a similar natural environment compared to the fire area was used as a control. Soil samples were collected from three different depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the Norm value was used to select the minimum data set (MDS), thus calculating the soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that the soil properties changed significantly after high-severity fires. On average, soil bulk density (0.91 g/cm3, p = 0.001), total nitrogen (0.12 g/kg, p = 0.000), total phosphorus (0.10 g/kg, p = 0.000), and total potassium (5.55 g/kg, p = 0.000) were significantly lower in the burned areas than in the unburned areas at the first sampling. These indicators increased in the following three years but still did not recover to unburned levels. Compared with the above indicators, soil porosity and organic matter increased post-fire, but gradually decreased over time. Soil clay, geometric mean diameter, and total potassium were included in the MDS. The SQI was ranked as unburned > 3 years > 2 years > 1 year > 6 months. The SQI was significantly (p = 0.001) reduced six months post-fire by an average of 36%, and, after three years of recovery, the soil quality of the post-fire areas could be restored to 81% of soil in unburned areas. Apparently, high-severity fires caused changes in soil properties, thereby significantly decreasing soil quality. Soil quality gradually improved with increasing restoration time. However, the complete recovery of soil quality post-fire in forest land in the dry/warm river valley will take a longer time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li Luo,1 Xi-Jiao Liu,2 Dong-Ling Chen,1 Xiao-Ya Deng,1 Yong-Hong Pan,1 Sheng Li1 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shapingba Hospital affiliated to Chongqing University (Shapingba District People’s Hospital of Chongqing), Chongqing, Shapingba District, 400040, People’s Republic of China; 2Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Bishan Hospital of Chongqing), Chongqing, Bishan District, 402760, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Sheng Li, Email linwo3696347@163.comObjective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation treatment during the recovery period of COVID-19, providing a scientific basis for developing more effective rehabilitation protocols.Methods: The study included 120 COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) recovery patients treated at our hospital from November 2021 to April 2022. After registration, patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely the study group and the control group. The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment, while the study group underwent integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation treatment, with 60 cases in each group. The clinical observation indicators in this study include the results of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), respiratory and circulatory parameters, pulmonary function, changes in respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in both groups of patients.Results: The 6MWT distance increased significantly in both groups, with the study group showing a larger improvement (P < 0.05). SpO2 and PaO2 values improved significantly in both groups, with greater increases in the study group (P < 0.05). Lung function parameters (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) improved significantly in the study group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Diaphragmatic thickness and mobility were also significantly higher in the study group (P < 0.05). The SF-36 quality of life scores were significantly better in the study group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation treatment has achieved significant efficacy during the recovery period of COVID-19. The complementary use of traditional Chinese medicine’s differential diagnosis and treatment and modern medical approaches from Western medicine provides patients with comprehensive and personalized rehabilitation services, offering new ideas and methods to improve the quality of patient recovery.Keywords: COVID-19, novel coronavirus, recovery period, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation treatment, efficacy

Flood submergence has devastating effects on agricultural production in China, with rice being particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Previous studies on rice submergence stress have primarily focused on immediate yield reduction and short-term growth. In this study, a submergence stress experiment was carried out by using the method of potted rice flooding. The growth recovery characteristics of rice under different submergence stress were analyzed through the continuous observation of rice growth after the disaster. The results showed that submergence stress had a persistent effect on rice growth, which persisted until the recovery period after the disaster. The recovery ability of rice plants decreased with the aggravation of stress, leading to increased damage to the plant. The average yield decreased by 17.07% and 15.56% due to submergence stress during the jointing and booting stage, respectively. The current study pointed out that the growth traits of and, furthermore, the mechanism of physiological changes in rice during the recovery period need to be explored in order to understand the effects of flooding stress on rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antarctic Total Column Ozone (TCO) gradually began to recover around 2000, and a large number of studies have pointed out that the recovery of the Antarctic TCO is most significant in the austral early spring (September). Based on the Bodeker Scientific Filled Total Column Ozone and ERA5 reanalysis dataset covering 1979–2019, the variation characteristics of the Antarctic TCO and stratospheric circulation for the TCO 'depletion' period (1979–1999) and the 'recovery' period (2000–2019) are analyzed in September. Results show that: (1) Stratospheric elements significantly related to the TCO have corresponding changes during the two eras. (2) The interannual variability of the TCO and the above-mentioned stratospheric circulation elements in the recovery period are stronger than those in the depletion period. (3) Compared with the depletion period, due to the stronger amplitude of the planetary wave 1, stronger Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux corresponds to EP flux convergence, larger negative eddy heat flux, and positive eddy momentum flux in the stratosphere during the recovery period. The polar temperature rises in the lower and middle stratosphere and the polar vortex weakens in the middle and upper stratosphere, accompanied by the diminished area of PSC. This contributes to the understanding of Antarctic ozone recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emergence agitation is a commonly experienced phenomenon in the waking period of general anaesthesia, which can adversely affect the recovery of patients in the postoperative period. Patients undergoing nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia, involving postoperative nasal packing, tend to have a higher rate of emergence agitation after extubation. Non pharmacological methods like nasal clips, can be safe and costeffective alternatives to pharmacological agents for controlling emergence agitation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperatively applying nasal clips for various durations in patients scheduled for nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia, which require nasal packing in the postoperative period, in reducing emergence agitation after extubation. Materials and Methods: The present randomised controlled trial was conducted at department of Anesthesia, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre (SBKS MIRC) in Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. A total of 75 patients with ASA I and II, aged 18-65 years, posted for elective nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia with postoperative bilateral nasal packing, were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (25 patients) wore nasal clips for 30 minutes preoperatively, Group B (25 patients) wore the clip for 40 minutes preoperatively, and Group C (25 patients) served as the control group without nasal clips. At the time of extubation, the emergence agitation score, ability to cough, time to verbal response, respiratory rate, incidences of desaturation, laryngospasm, or any other complications were observed and noted by an anaesthetist who was unaware of the application of nasal clips preoperatively. All data statistically analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 21.0; IBM Corporation). Results: All three groups were comparable (p>0.05) in terms of demographic profile, type and duration of surgery, and baseline haemodynamic parameters like Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2 ), and baseline Electrocardiography (ECG). Emergence agitation was significantly lower in Group A and B as compared to Group C (p-value=0.02). On comparing Groups A and B, Group B had a significantly lower incidence of emergence agitation (p-value=0.02). There were two cases of dangerous emergence agitation in the control group and one case in Group A while no cases were reported in Group B. Other parameters at extubation were comparable among all groups. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in Groups A and B in comparison to Group C. Conclusion: The present study suggests that preoperative preconditioning with nasal clips for 40 minutes in patients undergoing elective nasal surgeries can be a useful and safe method to reduce postoperative emergence agitation.

COVID-19 has upended travel across the world, disrupting commute patterns, mode choices, and public transit systems. In the United States, changes to transit service and reductions in passenger volume due to COVID-19 are lasting longer than originally anticipated. In this paper we examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual travel behavior across the United States. We analyze mobility data from Janurary to December 2020 from a sample drawn from a nationwide smartphone-based panel curated by a private firm, Embee Mobile. We combine this with a survey that we administered to that sample in August 2020. Our analysis provides insight into travel patterns and the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on transit riders. We investigate three questions. First, how do transit riders differ socio-demographically from non-riders? Second, how has the travel behavior of transit riders changed due to the pandemic in comparison to non-riders, controlling for other factors? And third, how has this travel behavior varied across different types of transit riders? The travel patterns of transit riders were more significantly disrupted by the pandemic than the travel of non-riders, as measured by the average weekly number of trips and distance traveled before and after the onset of the pandemic. This was calculated using GPS traces from panel member smartphones. Our survey of the panel revealed that of transit riders, 75% reported taking transit less since the pandemic, likely due to a combination of being affected by transit service changes, concerns about infection risk on transit, and trip reductions due to shelter-in-place rules. Less than 10 percent of transit riders in our sample reported that they were comfortable using transit despite COVID-19 infection risk, and were not affected by transit service reductions. Transit riders were also more likely to have changed their travel behavior in other ways, including reporting an increase in walking. However, lower-income transit riders were different from higher-income riders in that they had a significantly smaller reduction in the number of trips and distance traveled, suggesting that these lower-income households had less discretion over the amount of travel they carried out during the pandemic. These results have significant implications for understanding the way welfare has been affected for transportation-disadvantaged populations during the course of the pandemic, and insight into the recovery of U.S. transit systems. The evidence from this unique dataset helps us understand the future effects of the pandemic on transit riders in the United States, either in further recovery from the pandemic with the anticipated effects of mass vaccination, or in response to additional waves of COVID-19 and other pandemics.

Improvement of therapy of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) remains a relevant problem, despite the widespread use of drug and mechanical revascularization methods during recent years. One of the pathogenetic mechanisms of IS is oxidative stress as one of the components of brain tissue damage in the acute period and a factor that prevents the processes of repair and neuroplasticity in the recovery period. This is the rationale for the use of antioxidant drugs in the acute and recovery periods of stroke. Data from clinical studies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of patients with IS are presented. We describe the use of the domestic drug dimephosphone (dimethyloxobutylphosphonyl dimethylate), a synthetic non-anticholinesterase organophosphorus compound, which has a wide range of effects: antioxidant, antacidotic, vasodilating, membrane stabilizing, anti-inflammatory, etc. Data are given on the use of dimephosphone in the acute period of IS in patients with no indications for thrombolytic therapy, there was a decrease in neurological deficit and a decrease in disability. The positive results of the use of dimephosphone in the recovery period of IS and in chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency are described. The data of our own study on the use of dimephosphone in the complex therapy of cognitive rehabilitation of patients in the recovery period of IS are presented. A statistically significant recovery of cognitive functions was registered according to the Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA), and an increase in the MoCA score by 2 points or more in 59.6% of patients. An improvement in executive functions, an increase in the flexibility of cognitive control of cognitive processes, and the predominance of verbal thinking over sensory-perceptual were noted.

Flood submergence has devastating effects on agricultural production in China, with rice being particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Previous studies on rice submergence stress have primarily focused on immediate yield reduction and short-term growth. In this study, a submergence stress experiment was carried out by using the method of potted rice flooding. The growth recovery characteristics of rice under different submergence stress were analyzed through the continuous observation of rice growth after the disaster. The results showed that submergence stress had a persistent effect on rice growth, which persisted until the recovery period after the disaster. The recovery ability of rice plants decreased with the aggravation of stress, leading to increased damage to the plant. The average yield decreased by 17.07% and 15.56% due to submergence stress during the jointing and booting stage, respectively. The current study pointed out that the growth traits of and, furthermore, the mechanism of physiological changes in rice during the recovery period need to be explored in order to understand the effects of flooding stress on rice.

More than 7 million early deaths/year are attributable to air pollution. Current health concerns are especially focused on air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM). Although oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation is one of the main adverse outcome pathways triggered by air pollution-derived PM, the persistence of both these underlying mechanisms, even after exposure cessation, remained poorly studied. In this study, A/JOlaHsd mice were also exposed acutely (24 h) or sub-chronically (4 weeks), with or without a recovery period (12 weeks), to two urban PM2.5 samples collected during contrasting seasons (i.e., autumn/winter, AW or spring/summer, SS). The distinct intrinsic oxidative potentials (OPs) of AW and SS PM2.5, as evaluated in acellular conditions, were closely related to their respective physicochemical characteristics and their respective ability to really generate ROS over-production in the mouse lungs. Despite the early activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cell signaling pathway by AW and, in a lesser degree, SS PM2.5, in the murine lungs after acute and sub-chronic exposures, the critical redox homeostasis was not restored, even after the exposure cessation. Accordingly, an inflammatory response was reported through the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) cell signaling pathway activation, the secretion of cytokines, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, in the murine lungs after the acute and sub-chronic exposures to AW and, in a lesser extent, to SS PM2.5, which persisted after the recovery period. Taken together, these original results provided, for the first time, new relevant insights that air pollution-derived PM2.5, with relatively high intrinsic OPs, induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which persisted admittedly at a lower level in the lungs after the exposure cessation, thereby contributing to the occurrence of molecular and cellular adverse events leading to the development and/or exacerbation of future chronic inflammatory lung diseases and even cancers.

Introduction: Emergence agitation is a commonly experienced phenomenon in the waking period of general anaesthesia, which can adversely affect the recovery of patients in the postoperative period. Patients undergoing nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia, involving postoperative nasal packing, tend to have a higher rate of emergence agitation after extubation. Non pharmacological methods like nasal clips, can be safe and costeffective alternatives to pharmacological agents for controlling emergence agitation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperatively applying nasal clips for various durations in patients scheduled for nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia, which require nasal packing in the postoperative period, in reducing emergence agitation after extubation. Materials and Methods: The present randomised controlled trial was conducted at department of Anaesthesia, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre (SBKS MIRC) in Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. A total of 75 patients with ASA I and II, aged 18-65 years, posted for elective nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia with postoperative bilateral nasal packing, were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (25 patients) wore nasal clips for 30 minutes preoperatively, Group B (25 patients) wore the clip for 40 minutes preoperatively, and Group C (25 patients) served as the control group without nasal clips. At the time of extubation, the emergence agitation score, ability to cough, time to verbal response, respiratory rate, incidences of desaturation, laryngospasm, or any other complications were observed and noted by an anaesthetist who was unaware of the application of nasal clips preoperatively. All data statistically analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 21.0; IBM Corporation). Results: All three groups were comparable (p>0.05) in terms of demographic profile, type and duration of surgery, and baseline haemodynamic parameters like Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2), and baseline Electrocardiography (ECG). Emergence agitation was significantly lower in Group A and B as compared to Group C (p-value=0.02). On comparing Groups A and B, Group B had a significantly lower incidence of emergence agitation (p-value=0.02). There were two cases of dangerous emergence agitation in the control group and one case in Group A while no cases were reported in Group B. Other parameters at extubation were comparable among all groups. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in Groups A and B in comparison to Group C. Conclusion: The present study suggests that preoperative preconditioning with nasal clips for 40 minutes in patients undergoing elective nasal surgeries can be a useful and safe method to reduce postoperative emergence agitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to scientifically substantiate and develop a program of physical therapy for a patient after a hemorrhagic stroke (during the recovery period) and check its effectiveness. Material & Methods: the study was conducted on the basis of the "Skalyansky Clinic" Medical Center. The organization of the study involved conducting a comparative analysis of the dynamics of indicators obtained with the help of clinical tools for assessing the patient’s functional state in the process of applying the author’s physical therapy program. A 71-year-old patient with a diagnosis of "Acute cerebrovascular hemorrhagic disorder: subarachnoid-parenchymal hemorrhage with the formation of a stroke-hematoma of the left temporal-subcortical area of the brain with breakthrough into the ventricular system with right-sided hemiplegia, sensorimotor aphasia" by a multidisciplinary team (doctor, physical therapist, speech therapist and psychologist) an individual program of physical therapy was developed. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental methodology, a formative experiment was conducted. Clinical tools for assessing the functional state of the patient during the research were domains in the form of the ICF-core-set tool (a set of ICF basic categories) (ICF Research Branch, 2022) for complex stroke: Lovett’s test, Barthel scale, Gait Velocity (GV) tests and Berg Balance scale (BBS), Montreal Scale of Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Get Up and Go Tests, Trunk Control Test, Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The developed individual program of physical therapy for hemorrhagic stroke in the recovery period is a comprehensive course of physical therapy, occupational therapy, which is carried out in stages and includes the following components: therapeutic gymnastics classes; electrical stimulation of the shoulder, psychological (psychological counseling, psychological support, developmental classes for the recovery of cognitive impairments) and speech therapy (speech therapy gymnastics, articulation exercises, Su-Jok (massage ball and ring) component. After applying the specified author’s individual physical therapy program, qualitatively positive changes in the functional and psychophysical state of the patient, in particular: b7301.4 to b7301.2; d550.2 to d550.1; d510.3 to d510.2; d520.3 to d520.2; d540.3 to d540. 2; d598.3 to d598.2; d4100.3 to d4100.2; d450.3 to d450.2; d469.4 to d469.3; d330.3 to d330.1; d355.3 to d355.3; d998.3 to d998.2. Results: after applying the author’s program of physical therapy, we found qualitatively positive changes in the functional and psychophysical state of the patient, as evidenced by the positive dynamics of the studied indicators. The psychological and speech therapy work carried out contributed to the improvement in the process of restoring the patient’s cognitive functions (from moderate to mild impairment), stabilization of his emotional state, acquisition of stress resistance skills, harmonization of the patient’s system of relationships with himself, Conclusions: the effectiveness of using the author’s individual program of physical therapy is confirmed by the dynamics of qualitatively positive changes in the functional and psychophysical state of the patient.

Objective: To investigate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and Oxygen Nebuliser mask (ONM) on patients recovering from inhalation anesthesia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 128 patients after inhalation of general anesthesia in the recovery room of the Anesthesiology Department of The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2019 to September 2021. All patients received the same anesthesia induction and analgesia methods, inhalation anesthesia or intravenous-inhalation anesthesia maintenance, recovered spontaneous breathing and removed endotracheal intubation after surgery, then were divided into HFNC group and ONM group for oxygen therapy. HFNC setting mode: flow rate: 20-60 L/minutes, humidification temperature: 370C, the oxygen concentration was adjusted to maintain finger pulse oxygen saturation SPO2>90%; ONM group, the oxygen flow rate was adjusted to maintain finger pulse oxygen saturation SPO2>90%. All patients in the two groups were compared immediately after they entered the recovery room for 0 minutes, 10 minutes, and 20 minutes, including tidal volume, blood gas, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score and time from sedation to awakening. Results: The changes in tidal volume, oxygenation index and RASS score over time in the HFNC group were higher than those in the ONM group (p<0.05), and the awakening time in the HFNC group was faster than that in the ONM group (p<0.01), with significant statistical differences. Conclusions: Compared with ONM, HFNC can shorten postoperative recovery time, reduce the incidence of agitation and improve lung function and oxygenation state during recovery from anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antarctic Total Column Ozone (TCO) gradually began to recover around 2000, and a large number of studies have pointed out that the recovery of the Antarctic TCO is most significant in the austral early spring (September). Based on the Bodeker Scientific Filled Total Column Ozone and ERA5 reanalysis dataset covering 1979–2019, the variation characteristics of the Antarctic TCO and stratospheric circulation for the TCO ‘depletion’ period (1979–1999) and the ‘recovery’ period (2000–2019) are analyzed in September. Results show that: (1) Stratospheric elements significantly related to the TCO have corresponding changes during the two eras. (2) The interannual variability of the TCO and the above-mentioned stratospheric circulation elements in the recovery period are stronger than those in the depletion period. (3) Compared with the depletion period, due to the stronger amplitude of the planetary wave 1, stronger Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux corresponds to EP flux convergence, larger negative eddy heat flux, and positive eddy momentum flux in the stratosphere during the recovery period. The polar temperature rises in the lower and middle stratosphere and the polar vortex weakens in the middle and upper stratosphere, accompanied by the diminished area of PSC. This contributes to the understanding of Antarctic ozone recovery.

Simple Summary: Our study demonstrates that the immobilization of marmosets is best performed with a Telazol® dose of 5 mg/kg administered intramuscularly. This dose resulted in 50–90 min of immobilization, during which scientists and veterinarians can perform minimally invasive procedures. Marmosets' small body size makes anesthesia challenging. Ideally, small volumes of drugs should be administered intramuscularly (i.m.). In addition, dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia are desirable properties for sedatives and anesthetics in marmosets. Telazol® (tiletamine and zolazepam) is highly concentrated, allowing the use of small injection volumes and dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia. A randomized, blinded study with crossover design in ten healthy adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was performed to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of three doses of i.m. Telazol® (respectively, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg). Depth of anesthesia, cardiorespiratory effects, and induction, immobilization, and recovery times were determined. A significant difference was observed in immobilization time between 5 and 15 mg/kg of Telazol®. In addition, 15 mg/kg of Telazol® resulted in increased recovery times compared to 5 mg/kg. The cardiorespiratory effects during the first 45 min of immobilization were within clinically acceptable limits. The pedal withdrawal reflex was the best indicator of the anesthetic depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS - CoV - 2) was reported to cause the Wuhan outbreak of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19). To date, the COVID-19 has infected more than 600 million people gloabally. As a growing number of patients recover from acute infections and are discharged from hospitals, the proportion of patients in the recovery period is gradually increasing. Many of these individuals have been reported to experience multiple symptoms during the convalescence, such as fatigue, dyspnea and pain which are designated as "long-COVID", "post-COVID syndrome" or "recovery sequelae. We searched for recent articles published in PubMed on COVID-19 convalescence and found that the pathogenesis of COVID-19 convalescence is not yet well recognized. It may be associated with incomplete recovery of immune system, parenchymal organ damage (liver or lung), coagulation abnormalities, "second hit" caused by viral infection, and Phenomenon of Cell Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Some drugs and psychological factors of patients also play a non-negligible role in it. We also found that the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in the treatment of the COVID-19 recovery phase, which can not only relieve the corresponding symptoms, but also improve the indicators and pulmonary fibrosis. Bufei Huoxue Capsule, as the only drug explicitly mentioned for COVID-19 recovery period, can exert strong rehabilitative effects on physiological activity in patients recovering from COVID-19. In addition, in previous studies, traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to have the ability to resist cytokine storms, as well as improve coagulation and myocardial damage, which makes it have potential therapeutic advantages in targeting the hyperimmune response, coagulation abnormalities and myocardial damage existing in the recovery period. In conclusion, the clinical symptoms of patients convalescing from COVID-19 are complex, and its pathogenesis has not been elucidated. traditional Chinese medicine, as a traditional treatment, its specific action and mechanism need to be confirmed by more studies, so that it can play a better role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The opioid receptors related to analgesia are mainly μ recipient, the μ receptor has a two-way mode of action: manifested by opioid analgesics and μ1 Receptor binding produces the desired analgesic effect, and μ2 Receptor binding may cause respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting and other adverse reactions. Nalmefene is an opioid receptor antagonist. Low dose Nalmefene has priority over μ2 Receptor binding makes opioid analgesics turn more to μ1 receptor binding, which is reversed μ2 Receptor mediated nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and other adverse reactions, but does not reverse the analgesic effect. We assume that sufentanil combined with nalmefene could reduce respiratory adverse events in the patients who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty during recovery.Methods: Patients with UPPP under general anesthesia were selected, and divided into control group (group C) and nalmefene group (group N) randomly. Patients in group N received sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg and nalmefene hydrochloride 0.25μg/kg at the end of the operation. Additionally, patients in group C received sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg at the end of the operation. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were observed and recorded before operation, immediately after extubation, and 5 min after extubation. The breathing recovery time, tracheal extubation time, consciousness score (Ramsay score、sedation-agitation scale (SAS)) and visual analog score (VAS) were carefully recorded at 5 min after extubation, and the various adverse reactions were monitored during the recovery period.Results: Ninety-six patients were finished our study finally. The breathing recovery and extubation time of group N was significantly shorter than those of group C (P

Background and purpose: Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) is widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke in the recovery period, and many clinical trials have been reported, but its clinical efficacy and safety have not been fully evaluated. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of BYHWD in the recovery period. Materials and methods: Eight databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science, were searched from the establishment of the database to 13 April 2022. We selected all eligible randomized controlled trials of BYHWD in the treatment of ischemic stroke during the recovery period. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) was the primary outcome, and the Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS), activities of daily living (ADL), and adverse drug reaction (ADR) were the secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 39 randomized controlled trials were included, and 3,683 patients in the recovery period of ischemic stroke were recruited. Compared with conventional treatment alone, BYHWD combined with conventional treatment significantly decreased the NIHSS score (MD = -1.44, 95% CI: 1.75, -1.12, p < 0.00001), the CSS score (MD = -1.18, 95% CI: 2.02, -0.34, p = 0.006), improved the ADL (MD = 4.33, 95% CI: 3.06, 5.61, p < 0.00001), and did not increase the adverse reactions of patients (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.61, p = 0.67). Conclusion: BYHWD is an effective and safe therapy for the recovery of ischemic stroke. To further determine the efficacy and safety of BYHWD in the treatment of ischemic stroke in the recovery period, more high-quality, multicenter, and prospective RCTs are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The aim of this work was to estimate the effectiveness of combination neurometabolic therapy that includes 5 mg of ipidacrine hydrochloride and 300 mg of phenibut in complex therapy of patients with hemisphere hemorrhagic stroke in the early rehabilitation period. Material and methods. Open comparative randomized study and treatment of 46 patients (31 men and 15 women) with hemisphere hemorrhagic stroke in the early rehabilitation period was performed. The mean age of patients was 57.17 ±7.09 years. All patients were divided into two groups - the main group included 20 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, who took neurometabolic combination therapy (5 mg of ipidacrine hydrochloride and 300 mg of phenibut three times per day) in addition to complex recovery treatment during 30 days (start from 30th day after stroke) and control group, that included 26 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, who received standard complex recovery treatment without additional neurometabolic therapy. Outcomes. The median MoCA score of the main group of patients was 21.0 (19; 24), while the second group had 20.5 (18; 23.75) MoCA score, but without any intergroup difference. It was also identified reliable improvement of cognitive values on the MoCA scale after treatment (р ˂ 0.05). Besides, statistical difference was reached between groups in these measures. Also, we showed that statistical improvement in memory was observed in both groups at 1st and 2nd attempts using Luriya’s method “memorizing 10 words”. But subsequent such an effect took place only in the main group. The present study showed the absence of improvement “memorizing of 10 words” at 3rd, 4th and 5th attempts in control group. At the same time, patients of the main group had improved results at 4th and 5th ones (р ˂ 0.05). Conclusion. The combined drug of neurometabolic nature, consisting of 5 mg ipidacrinum and phenibut 300 mg, improved rehabilitation effectiveness rates for account of cognitive functions in patients with hemorrhagic hemispheric stroke during recovery period during comprehensive rehabilitation.

Anabolic steroids are frequently used to increase the growth rate of meat-producing animals. Exposure to an anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (ND), is associated with expressional reduction of testicular steroidogenic enzymes. However, the effect of withdrawal of ND exposure on the expression of these testicular molecules has not been thoroughly explored. The current research investigated expression changes of testicular steroidogenic enzymes in rats at several recovery periods (2, 6, and 12 weeks) after the stop of ND treatment with different doses (2 and 10 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Body and testis weights were recorded, and transcript levels of molecules were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes of immuno-intensities of molecules. At 6 and 12 weeks of the recovery period, the 10 mg/kg ND-treated rats were lighter than other experimental groups. The interstitial compartment vanished by ND treatment filled up as the recovery period became longer. The expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein was returned to the control level at 12 weeks of the recovery period. Expression levels of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage and 17a-hydroxylase were increased in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group at 6 weeks of the recovery period, and transcript levels of these molecules in 2 and 10 mg/kg ND-treated groups at 12 weeks of the recovery period were significantly lower than the control. Expression levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type I and 17β-HSD type 3 in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group were comparable with those of control at 12 weeks of the recovery period, but not in 10 mg/kg ND-treated group. Expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (Cyp19) was reverted to the control level at 2 weeks of the recovery period. Except for Cyp19, there was a visible increase of immuno-staining intensity of other testicular steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cells as the recovery period progressed. This research has demonstrated that the cease of ND administration could restore the expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes close to the normal level. Nevertheless, a relatively long recovery period, compared to the ND-exposure period would be required to retrieve normal expression levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes.

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), first broke out in Wuhan, China, in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 develops many types of mutations (such as B.1.1.7), making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Although we now have a preliminary understanding of COVID-19, including pathological changes, clinical manifestations, and treatment measures, we also face new difficulties. The biggest problem is that most COVID-19 patients might face sequelae (e.g., fatigue, sleep disturbance, pulmonary fibrosis) during the recovery phase. We aimed to test six Chinese patent medicines to treat three major abnormal symptoms in COVID-19 patients during the recovery phase, including cardiopulmonary function, sleep disturbance, and digestive function. We launched the “three syndromes and six Chinese patent medicines” randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial on April 10, 2020. The results showed that Jinshuibao tablets and Shengmaiyin oral liquid significantly improved the cardiopulmonary function of recovering COVID-19 patients. Shumian capsules, but not Xiaoyao capsules, significantly improved patients’ sleep disorders. This might be because the indication of Xiaoyao capsules is liver qi stagnation rather than psychological or emotional problems. Xiangsha Liujun pills and Ludangshen oral liquid significantly improved digestive function. Our research provides a guideline for treating COVID-19 sequelae in patients during the recovery period based on high-quality evidence.

The aim of our study was the investigation of the dynamics of clinical-neurological indicators of patients with hemorrhagic hemispheric stroke (HHS) in the recovering period of the disease by comprehensive neurological, medical and social research. Materials and methods. 90 patients in the age from 38 to 70 years were studied, 58 men – 64.4 % and 32 women – 35.6 %. The condition of the patients was evaluated by NIHSS, mRS, BI and MSA on the 30th, 180th, 360th day of HHS. Depending on their self-care recovering level the patients were divided in two groups for analysis: the first one was formed with the patients whose self-care level completely was restored on the 360th day (ВІ = 100), and the second one was formed with the patients with BI 95 and less on the 360th day. Results. Structure of indicators according to NIHSS, mRS, ВІ and MSA on the 30th day of disease in these groups was analyzed during rehabilitation, as well as distribution of the patients based on their gender and process lateralization. Analyzing the data of the dynamics of the recovery period of HHS depending on the lateralization of the process and the sex of patients, we can notice that there was no significant difference during the recovery period of HHS depending of the lateralization of the process, for example, in patients with the damaged dominant hemisphere median score of BI was 70 points on the 30th day, patients with the lesion of subdominant hemisphere – 65, and on the 360th days in both groups it was 95 points. There was also no significant difference in the dynamics of neurological deficit and recovery of functional activity depending on the gender of patients. On the 30th day of the disease in the group of patients who fully restored their daily activity on the 360th day of HHS a significantly higher score for BI was determined than in the group with incomplete recovery (80 (70; 85) points against 55 (45; 65) points (P ˂ 0.05)). Although a significantly greater regression of functional disorders was found in the second group of patients (P ˂ 0.05). An analysis of the impact of spasticity on the recovery of self-care level showed a significant negative impact of increased muscle tone on the recovery of self-care (P ˂ 0.05) and reduction of the probability of complete recovery of independence in everyday life with increasing degree of spasticity (P ˂ 0.05). At the same time, no significant factors (sex, age, side of the lesion, etc.) were identified that would affect the development of spasticity in patients with HHS, except for the level of neurological deficit according to NIHSS. When we analyzed the distribution of patients in these two groups by sex, it was revealed that the groups didn't have any significant difference. There was also no significant difference in the study's groups depending of the lateralization of the stroke. Conclusions. It was found that on the 30th day of the disease in 35.6 % of patients the total score on NIHSS ranged from 2 to 6 points, 55.6 % of patients had mRS of 3 points and 48.9 % of patients had severe dependent of outside help in daily life by BI. Significant positive dynamics of recovery on NIHSS, mRS, BI scales on the 180th and 360th day of the disease (P ˂ 0.05) was revealed. The dependence of the indicators of the level of self-care on the 360th day of HHS, on the severity of stroke on the 30th day of the disease (P ˂ 0.01) and on the presence of manifestations of increased muscle tone was established. It was found that patients who had manifestations of spasticity on the 360th day of the disease had a significantly higher score for NIHSS at the onset of the disease, on the 30th day of the disease and on the 360th day of the disease than patients without manifestations of increased muscle tone (P ˂ 0.05). However, no interconnection was found between the indicators of the level of self-care on the 360th day of HHS and the lateralization of the process as well as the sex of patients.

Introduction: In Iran, clover is the second most important forage crop after alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and is cultivated on a surface of about 70,000 hectares. Yield improvement of this plant could be achieved through autumn cultivation. Iran is still one of the main centers for the diversity of clover species, there is not much information about freezing tolerance of native species of this important plant. Since freezing stress is one of the most important winter stresses which causes severe damage to the plant cells and tissues and ultimately plant death, evaluation of freezing tolerance of this crop could help to determination of the best planting date in order to achieve the highest yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the freezing tolerance of four clover species through assessment of plant survival and re-growth after freezing stress. Materials and Methods: In order to study growth criteria of four clover species after freezing stress in controlled conditions, an experiment was conducted in 2012-13 in Faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Treatments were arranged as factorial based on Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Factors were included of planting dates (late September and late October), clover species (red clover T. pratense, white clover T. repense, Persian clover T. resupinatum (autumn species) and crimson clover T. incarnatum (spring species) and freezing temperatures (0 (control), -3, -6, -9, -12, -15, -18, -21ºC). Survival percentage, LT50 according to Survival (LT50su), leaf area, Reduced 50% Leaf Area Temperature (RLAT50), dry weight and Reduced Dry Matter Temperature 50 (RDMT50) were measured after three weeks re-growth. Results and Discussion: Results indicated that survival percentage was significantly affected by interaction of planting date, species and freezing temperatures. In both planting dates, crimson and white species showed a good survival till -15°C while they were killed as temperature was more decreased to -18°C. In first planting date, two species of red and Persian clover had 50 and 42% survival, but were killed in this temperature in the second planting date. The lowest LT50su in autumn (red, white and Persian) and spring (crimson) species was found in first and second planting dates, respectively indicating higher freezing tolerance in crimson species at second planting date and a better acclimation of autumn species at first planting date which led to a higher survival compared to spring species. Leaf area was significantly affected by planting date, species and freezing temperatures at the end of the recovery period. In first planting date, decreasing temperature from zero to -18°C caused reduction of 98 and 48% of leaf area in red and Persian species while no plant of white and crimson species was survived in this condition. In second planting date, leaf area was decreased about 6, 33 and 2% as temperature decreased from zero to -15°C while leaf area of Persian species, not only was not decreased, but also increased by about 12%. The lowest and highest RLAT50 were observed in Persian and red species. Interaction of planting date and species on RDMT50 was significant in a way that in delayed planting date, RDMT50 was increased in red, Persian and crimson species while it was decreased in white species. Conclusion: Red and Persian species showed higher freezing tolerance according to indices of survival percentage and LT50su. The highest recovery ability of plants based on leaf area per plant, RLAT50, plant dry matter and RDMT50 was found for second planting date. Also annual species of Persian and crimson had lower RLAT50 and RDMT50 and higher freezing tolerance compared to perennial species of red and white clover.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of bee products in correction of signs of fatigue during the recovery period in athletes of complex coordination sports. Materials and methods: 40 athletes of complex winter sports 15-21 years old (mean age - 19.05±3.42 years (M±m)) were examined: the main group (24 people) received 10% aqueous-alcoholic extract of bee moth larvae during 25 days of the recovery period; rantrol group (16 persons) received dry adsorbed royal jelly. The parameters of hematopoiesis, immune and hormonal status, physical working capacity were studied. Results: a decrease in the concentration of TNF-a and IL-4, and increase in IL-1ß and IL-6 within the reference values was established after the course of beekeeping products intake in both groups of athletes. The administration of the bee moth larva extract resulted in a decrease in the CIC (p = 0.010), an increase in the CD3 +, CD 19- lymphocytes (p = 0.028), CD3 +, CD4 + lymphocytes (p = 0.016), and signs of stimulation of erythropoiesis in the form of an increase in erythrocytes (p = 0.016) and reticulocytes (p = 0.027), as well as an increase in testosterone (p = 0.038) and physical performance (p = 0.041; p = 0.034), that was more pronounced in comparison with the royal jelly intake. Conclusions: the use of bee moth larva extract in the recovery period resulted in more significant improvement in the state of the oxygen-providing blood system, correction of the immunological imbalance and hormonal parameters of adaptation, and preservation of the level of physical fitness achieved in the competitive period in comparison with royal jelly.

Objective: to study the state of the processes of endogenous intoxication, lipoperoxidation and antioxidant protection in the saliva of athletes during exercise and during the recovery period after it. Materials and methods: the study includes 20 professional athletes and 40 volunteers who do not have regular high physical exertion. Samples of saliva in athletes were taken three times: at rest, 10-15 minutes after training and again at rest; in the control group - once. In the samples, the content of products of lipoperoxidation, endogenous intoxication, activity of antioxidant enzymes was determined. Results: it is shown that the training process is accompanied by an intensification of the processes of lipoperoxidation and endogenous intoxication. In the recovery period, the level of lipid peroxidation products remains elevated, and the content of protein toxins quickly returns to normal. The activity of antioxidant enzymes after exercise is reduced, but increases in the recovery period. This is due to compensatory mechanisms in the antioxidant defense system. Conclusions: it is necessary to monitor the parameters of the subjects for timely correction of the effects of oxidative stress.

Background: Rapid emergence with low soluble inhalational agents (IA) is offset by a significant association with emergence agitation (EA). Research on the influence of elimination methods of IA on recovery characteristics is very few. We conducted this study to compare the recovery characteristics of slow elimination (SE) of desflurane with purging technique. Methodology: Forty-five participants, 18–60 years, undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries were randomised either into Group-P (n = 23) or Group-SE (n = 22). A standardised induction-maintenance protocol including desflurane and fresh gas flow (FGF) of 0.8 l/min was followed. During recovery, the FGF was increased in Group-P to 10 L/min and in Group-SE it was continued at 0.8 L/min. The decrement in end-tidal concentration of desflurane, time for emergence and extubation, EA and time for psychomotor recovery were noted. Results: Time for emergence (Group-SE: 22.8 ± 9 vs. Group-P: 5.6 ± 1.5 min; P = 0.000) and emergence to extubation duration (Group-SE: 128 ± 36 s vs. Group-P: 11.5 ± 1.7 s; P = 0.000) were longer in the Group-SE than in Group-P. EA occurred in 22.7% patients in Group-SE and in 4.3% patients in Group-P (P = 0.07). Psychomotor recovery to baseline values was seen in more number of patients in Group-SE than Group-P at 30 min. There was no difference between the groups at 60 min post-extubation. Conclusions: Slow elimination using FGF of 0.8 L/min significantly prolongs emergence even with low soluble agent like desflurane. SE is not beneficial in decreasing the incidence of EA or hastening psychomotor recovery. Purging technique is, therefore, a better-suited technique with fewer complications for eliminating desflurane.

Marmosets’ small body size makes anesthesia challenging. Ideally, small volumes of drugs should be administered intramuscularly (i.m.). In addition, dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia are desirable properties for sedatives and anesthetics in marmosets. Telazol® (tiletamine and zolazepam) is highly concentrated, allowing the use of small injection volumes and dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia. A randomized, blinded study with crossover design in ten healthy adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was performed to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of three doses of i.m. Telazol® (respectively, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg). Depth of anesthesia, cardiorespiratory effects, and induction, immobilization, and recovery times were determined. A significant difference was observed in immobilization time between 5 and 15 mg/kg of Telazol®. In addition, 15 mg/kg of Telazol® resulted in increased recovery times compared to 5 mg/kg. The cardiorespiratory effects during the first 45 min of immobilization were within clinically acceptable limits. The pedal withdrawal reflex was the best indicator of the anesthetic depth.

Objective. The aim of this work was to estimate the effectiveness of combination neurometabolic therapy that includes 5 mg of ipidacrine hydrochloride and 300 mg of phenibut in complex therapy of patients with hemisphere hemorrhagic stroke in the early rehabilitation period. Material and methods. Open comparative randomized study and treatment of 46 patients (31 men and 15 women) with hemisphere hemorrhagic stroke in the early rehabilitation period was performed. The mean age of patients was 57.17 ±7.09 years. All patients were divided into two groups - the main group included 20 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, who took neurometabolic combination therapy (5 mg of ipidacrine hydrochloride and 300 mg of phenibut three times per day) in addition to complex recovery treatment during 30 days (start from 30th day after stroke) and control group, that included 26 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, who received standard complex recovery treatment without additional neurometabolic therapy. Outcomes. The median MoCA score of the main group of patients was 21.0 (19; 24), while the second group had 20.5 (18; 23.75) MoCA score, but without any intergroup difference. It was also identified reliable improvement of cognitive values on the MoCA scale after treatment (р ˂ 0.05). Besides, statistical difference was reached between groups in these measures. Also, we showed that statistical improvement in memory was observed in both groups at 1st and 2nd attempts using Luriya’s method “memorizing 10 words”. But subsequent such an effect took place only in the main group. The present study showed the absence of improvement “memorizing of 10 words” at 3rd, 4th and 5th attempts in control group. At the same time, patients of the main group had improved results at 4th and 5th ones (р ˂ 0.05). Conclusion. The combined drug of neurometabolic nature, consisting of 5 mg ipidacrinum and phenibut 300 mg, improved rehabilitation effectiveness rates for account of cognitive functions in patients with hemorrhagic hemispheric stroke during recovery period during comprehensive rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract COVID-19 is reported as an extremely contagious disease with common symptoms of fever, dry cough, sore throat, and tiredness. The published literature on incidence and gender-wise prevalence of COVID-19 is scarce in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare the distribution, incubation period and mortality rate of COVID-19 among the male and female population of district Attock. The data were collected between 01 April 2020 and 07 December 2020 from the population of district Attock, Pakistan. A total of 22,962 individuals were screened and 843 were found positive for RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2. The confirmed positive cases were monitored carefully. Among the positive cases, the incidence of COVID-19 was 61.7% among males and 38.2% among females. The average recovery period of males was 18.89±7.75 days and females were 19±8.40 days from SARS-CoV-2. The overall mortality rate was 8.06%. The death rate of male patients was significantly higher (P

Background: The nasal cycle is the alternating congestion and decongestion of the nostrils during normal breathing, marking the shift between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, the latter being prominent when breathing through the left nostril. The post-exercise period is characterized by a gradual shift from sympathetic to parasympathetic dominance. It is hypothesized that breathing only through the left nostril will aid in accelerating this shift in the postexercise period. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the effect of left nostril breathing on post-exercise recovery times of heart rate and blood pressure (BP). Materials and Methods: A total of 60 young healthy male volunteers were instructed to walk on a flat treadmill, following a fixed protocol. Heart rate and BP were measured at rest and postexercise they were monitored every minute until they reached the baseline. The recovery time was noted. The procedure was the same on the 3rd day, except that during the postexercise period, the participants were instructed to breathe only through their left nostrils. Results: The recovery times of heart rate and BP, when breathing through the left nostril only, was significantly lower than when breathing normally. Conclusion: The left nostril breathing technique lowered the postexercise recovery times of cardiovascular parameters, which can be attributed to improved parasympathetic tone. These findings on the post-exercise state may be extrapolated to pathological states of sympathetic dominance, and left nostril breathing can be used as an adjunct to pharmacological therapy to manage such conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebrovascular diseases, and especially their acute forms, cerebral strokes, are an important problem in modern medicine. The search and usage of new and more effective drugs, which contribute to the improvement of treatment results in the recovery period of the disease, are relevant. The aim of the study – to improve the treatment of patients with cerebral ischemic stroke in the recovery period by using phenylpiracetam in the complex therapy. Materials and Methods. The work presents the results of treatment of 70 patients (average age is (58.8±0.9) years) in the recovery period of ischemic hemispheric stroke (IHS). All the patients were divided into two clinical groups of 35 patients. The group 1 included the patients who received phenylpiracetam in a complex therapy orally in a daily dose of 200 mg, divided into 2 intakes: in the morning and at lunch for 30 days; the group 2 consisted of patients who received piracetam as a nootropic drug parenterally in a daily dose of 3000 mg once in the morning during 30 days. All the patients were carried out in the dynamics before the treatment and after 30 days the assessment of the state according to the stroke scale of the National Institute of Health in order to determine the severity of the stroke. The degree of functional restoration according to Modified Rankin Scale and the estimation of the ability of household skills and self-service according to the Barthel Index were determined. A dynamic evaluation of cognitive impairments was performed using the Mini-Menthal State Examination and the 10-word memory test. Results and Discussion. As a result of treatment, positive dynamics of all clinical-neurological and cognitive indicators was observed, it was more revealed in patients of the main group using phenylpiracetam, compared with the control group (p

Accurately characterizing the biology of a pelagic shark species is critical when assessing its status and resilience to fishing pressure. Natural mortality (M) is well known to be a key parameter determining productivity and resilience, but also one for which estimates are most uncertain. While M can be inferred from life history, validated direct estimates are extremely rare for sharks. Porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) are presently overfished in the North Atlantic, but there are no directed fisheries and successful live release of bycatch is believed to have increased. Understanding M, post-release mortality (PRM), and variables that affect mortality are necessary for management and effective bycatch mitigation. From 177 deployments of archival satellite tags, we inferred mortality events, characterized physiological recovery periods following release, and applied survival mixture models to assess M and PRM. We also evaluated covariate effects on the duration of any recovery period and PRM to inform mitigation. Although large sample sizes involving extended monitoring periods (>90 days) would be optimal to directly estimate M from survival data, it was possible to constrain estimates and infer probable values for both species. Furthermore, the consistency of M estimates with values derived from longevity information suggests that age determination is relatively accurate for these species. Regarding bycatch mitigation, our analyses suggest that juvenile porbeagle are more susceptible to harm during capture and handling, that keeping lamnid sharks in the water during release is optimal, and that circle hooks are associated with longer recovery periods for shortfin mako.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), first broke out in Wuhan, China, in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 develops many types of mutations (such as B.1.1.7), making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Although we now have a preliminary understanding of COVID-19, including pathological changes, clinical manifestations, and treatment measures, we also face new difficulties. The biggest problem is that most COVID-19 patients might face sequelae (e.g., fatigue, sleep disturbance, pulmonary fibrosis) during the recovery phase. We aimed to test six Chinese patent medicines to treat three major abnormal symptoms in COVID-19 patients during the recovery phase, including cardiopulmonary function, sleep disturbance, and digestive function. We launched the "three syndromes and six Chinese patent medicines" randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial on April 10, 2020. The results showed that Jinshuibao tablets and Shengmaiyin oral liquid significantly improved the cardiopulmonary function of recovering COVID-19 patients. Shumian capsules, but not Xiaoyao capsules, significantly improved patients' sleep disorders. This might be because the indication of Xiaoyao capsules is liver qi stagnation rather than psychological or emotional problems. Xiangsha Liujun pills and Ludangshen oral liquid significantly improved digestive function. Our research provides a guideline for treating COVID-19 sequelae in patients during the recovery period based on high-quality evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a literature review in order to identify modern information and deepen understanding of the problem of ischemic stroke, its hemispheric features, modern screening capabilities, therapeutic and rehabilitation prospects. Cerebral stroke is a «global epidemic» that occupies a leading place in the structure of the causes of disability in the adult population in most countries of the world, and has great medical, social and economic importance. In the clinical presentation of cerebral ischemic hemispheric stroke, focal neurological deficit prevails, as well as cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders of varying severity, post-stroke fatigue syndrome, etc. Localization of the ischemic focus plays a significant role in the development of cognitive impairment. The analysis of neurocognitive functions has long been a topical subject of study by scientists and practicing physicians. Emergency screening of acute cerebrovascular accident is an important factor in choosing the patient’s treatment strategy. Stroke is a condition requiring emergency medical care and urgent hospitalization. The effectiveness of medical care provision for acute cerebral ischemic stroke at the hospital stage should be ensured by specialists of the multidisciplinary team according to the patient’s specific clinical route, the volume of diagnostic and treatment and rehabilitation measures.These studies are relevant, and the obtained results can be used in the practical activities of the clinician in order to deepen the understanding of the problem, optimize the timely verification of this pathology and use the optimal treatment and rehabilitation tactics.

Eccentric and concentric exercise is associated with disparate acute and chronic responses. We uniquely interspersed workload equivalent eccentric cycling during each recovery period of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) cycling trial to determine acute cardiopulmonary, thermal and psycho-physiological responses. Twelve males [age 28 years (SD 6), peak oxygen consumption 48 mL ⋅ kg–1 ⋅ min–1 (SD 6)] completed two high intensity interval cycling trials [4 × 5 min, 60% peak power output (PPO)] separated by 7–10 days. The CONR trial required participants to cycle concentrically during each recovery period (5 min, 30% PPO). The ECCR trial modified the recovery to be eccentric cycling (5 min, 60% PPO). High intensity workload (CONR: 187 ± 17; ECCR: 187 ± 21 W), oxygen consumption (CONR: 2.55 ± 0.17; ECCR: 2.68 ± 0.20 L ⋅ min–1), heart rate (CONR: 165 ± 7; ECCR: 171 ± 10 beats ⋅ min–1) and RPE legs (CONR: 15 ± 3; ECCR: 15 ± 3) were equivalent between trials. Eccentric cycling recovery significantly increased external workload (CONR: 93 ± 18; ECCR: 196 ± 24 W, P < 0.01) yet lowered oxygen consumption (CONR: 1.51 ± 0.18; ECCR: 1.20 ± 0.20 L ⋅ min–1, P < 0.05) while heart rate (CONR: 132 ± 13; ECCR: 137 ± 12 beats ⋅ min–1) and RPE of the legs (CONR: 11 ± 7; ECCR: 12 ± 7) remained equivalent. There was no significant difference in the aural temperature between the trials (ECCR: 37.3 ± 0.1°C; CONR: 37.4 ± 0.1°C, P > 0.05), yet during recovery periods mean skin temperature was significantly elevated in the ECCR (ECCR: 33.9 ± 0.2°C; CONR: 33.3 ± 0.2°C, P < 0.05). Participants preferred ECCR (10/12) and rated the ECCR as more achievable (82.8 ± 11.4 mm) than CONR (79.4 ± 15.9 mm, P < 0.01). In conclusion, eccentric cycling during the recovery period of a HIIT training session, offers a novel approach to concurrent training methodology. The unique cardiopulmonary and skeletal muscle responses facilitate the achievement of both training stimuli within a single exercise bout.

Previously conducted studies showed endocrine-disruptor properties of pyrethroids when exposed to mammals, causing disturbances in the reproductive system. The purpose of these studies was to identify the hazard of lambda cyhalothrin (LCT) reproductive toxicity, as well as to study the reversibility and/or irreversibility of the resulting damage during the recovery period. Research methods. Lambda-cyhalothrin 98.06% of purity was administered ex tempore daily, except Saturday and Sunday, by oral gavage to three groups of animals in doses 0,3; 3,0 and 10 mg/kg of body weight for 11 weeks. After the expiry of the exposure period, part of the males was selected to study the parameters of sperm and blood serum testosterone levels, while the remaining males were used for a recovery period without exposure for one full cycle of spermatogenesis (70 days). Morpho-functional indicators of the gonad state and the level of total testosterone in the blood serum were studied in all males after exposure and recovery period. The total amount and the absolute and relative number of motile sperm were determined, the percent of sperm abnormal forms was calculated. Morphometric parameters of testes and epididymis were recorded. Results. Investigated LCT causes antiandrogenic effect which characterized by impaired of spermatogenesis and oligospermia, as well as a change in the testosterone content in the blood serum of experimental animals compared to the control. Dose dependence of the severity of oligospermia and spermatozoa adynamia is linear in nature both before and after the recovery period, increasing markedly at the end of the recovery period. While the response level of testosterone to increase of the dose is non-monotonic.The most pronounced statistically significant (P

The aim of us is to define the incidence of postoperative complications two anesthesia procedures. During the period between 01.01.2016 and 01.01.2017, totally 583 patients were included in the study, who had oral-maxillofacial surgeries. Anesthesia types were determined as propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and sevoflurane-inhalation anesthesia (SA). Surgical types were divided into two groups, major and minor. Postoperative complications and recovery period were determined as tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, recovery time, additional analgesia, nausea-vomiting. While TIVA was used 241 patients, SA was used 342 patients. Incidences of patients, having had major surgeries under TIVA, for additional analgesic, nausea-vomiting, and recovery period on average were found as 12.7%; 13.5%; 13min respectively. As for the patients having had minor surgeries under TIVA, the same values were 10.2%; 6.5%; 12min respectively. Incidences of patients, having had major surgeries under SA, for additional analgesic, nausea-vomiting, recovery period on average were found as 11.3%; 34.2%; 7min respectively. Patients having had minor surgeries under TIVA performed the same values as 9.8%; 19.5%; 5min respectively. It was observed that SA caused more nause-vomiting than TIVA; however, it had a shorter recovery period. We have been in the opinion of that SA absolutely must be done with nausea-vomiting premedication and that it could be preferred owing to the shorter recovery. [Med-Science 2018; 7(2.000): 290-4]

We examined the recovery and dynamics of living tree above-ground biomass (AGB) after selective logging in an Amazonian terra firme forest managed by a private company. The forest consisted of 24 blocks (including one set aside for conservation) selectively logged in different years on a managed schedule. Trees ≥10 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) were surveyed in 2006 in 192 0.25-ha plots, in 2010 in 119 plots, and in 2012-2013 in 54 plots. A logistic growth model factoring in logging dynamics and mean AGB of a block in these years was established. Referencing the mean AGB of the unlogged forest, the model indicated that the logged forest would take on average 14 years to regain its preharvest AGB after selective logging at 1.9 trees ha-1 (dbh > 50 cm). In 2010 and 2012-2013, the AGB increased significantly for small and large trees (10-20 cm and >60 cm dbh, respectively) in the logged forest. In contrast, it decreased significantly for medium-sized trees (30-50 cm dbh) in the unlogged forest. Comparisons with the previous studies mainly conducted in the other regions of Amazon suggested that the estimated AGB recovery period with moderate logging intensity was almost appropriate and likely acceptable to forest managers.

The article investigates certain aspects of one of the current issues of the Russian history, the least studied and discussed at present. On the basis of the analysis of scientific literature and previously unpublished archival documents, attempts to identify the factors that determined the adjustment and essence of the industrial and scientific-technical policy in the postwar period, the essence and results of the reorganization in the management of scientific and technical sphere. We conclude that successful implementation of post-war large-scale projects proves that there was only one possible strategy chosen by the country's leadership. In particular, the postwar geopolitical realities and the need for early recovery and strengthening of the Soviet economy demanded from the Soviet leadership a most pragmatic approach as to the issue of "borrowing". Besides, a strong research and technical complex was formed, and very impressive results were achieved, especially in the defense sphere. However, the study showed that the intensification of scientific and technical research, transformation of science into a determining factor of economic development of the country in those years failed to become a priority. The slowdown and deficiency of control were due to the increasing role of the party apparatus in the state bodies, due to the reorganizations in the system of national economy management, due to the departmental approach and shortcomings in planning, due to the insufficient professionalism of the Soviet leadership.

Background: Rapid emergence with low soluble inhalational agents (IA) is offset by a significant association with emergence agitation (EA). Research on the influence of elimination methods of IA on recovery characteristics is very few. We conducted this study to compare the recovery characteristics of slow elimination (SE) of desflurane with purging technique. Methodology: Forty-five participants, 18–60 years, undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries were randomised either into Group-P (n = 23) or Group-SE (n = 22). A standardised induction-maintenance protocol including desflurane and fresh gas flow (FGF) of 0.8 l/min was followed. During recovery, the FGF was increased in Group-P to 10 L/min and in Group-SE it was continued at 0.8 L/min. The decrement in end-tidal concentration of desflurane, time for emergence and extubation, EA and time for psychomotor recovery were noted. Results: Time for emergence (Group-SE: 22.8 ± 9 vs. Group-P: 5.6 ± 1.5 min; P = 0.000) and emergence to extubation duration (Group-SE: 128 ± 36 s vs. Group-P: 11.5 ± 1.7 s; P = 0.000) were longer in the Group-SE than in Group-P. EA occurred in 22.7% patients in Group-SE and in 4.3% patients in Group-P (P = 0.07). Psychomotor recovery to baseline values was seen in more number of patients in Group-SE than Group-P at 30 min. There was no difference between the groups at 60 min post-extubation. Conclusions: Slow elimination using FGF of 0.8 L/min significantly prolongs emergence even with low soluble agent like desflurane. SE is not beneficial in decreasing the incidence of EA or hastening psychomotor recovery. Purging technique is, therefore, a better-suited technique with fewer complications for eliminating desflurane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eccentric and concentric exercise is associated with disparate acute and chronic responses. We uniquely interspersed workload equivalent eccentric cycling during each recovery period of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) cycling trial to determine acute cardiopulmonary, thermal and psycho-physiological responses. Twelve males [age 28 years (SD 6), peak oxygen consumption 48 mL ⋅ kg–1 ⋅ min–1 (SD 6)] completed two high intensity interval cycling trials [4 × 5 min, 60% peak power output (PPO)] separated by 7–10 days. The CONR trial required participants to cycle concentrically during each recovery period (5 min, 30% PPO). The ECC R trial modified the recovery to be eccentric cycling (5 min, 60% PPO). High intensity workload (CONR : 187 ± 17; ECC R: 187 ± 21 W), oxygen consumption (CONR : 2.55 ± 0.17; ECC R: 2.68 ± 0.20 L ⋅ min–1), heart rate (CONR : 165 ± 7; ECC R: 171 ± 10 beats ⋅ min–1) and RPE legs (CONR : 15 ± 3; ECC R: 15 ± 3) were equivalent between trials. Eccentric cycling recovery significantly increased external workload (CONR : 93 ± 18; ECC R: 196 ± 24 W, P < 0.01) yet lowered oxygen consumption (CONR : 1.51 ± 0.18; ECC R: 1.20 ± 0.20 L ⋅ min–1, P < 0.05) while heart rate (CONR : 132 ± 13; ECC R: 137 ± 12 beats ⋅ min–1) and RPE of the legs (CONR : 11 ± 7; ECC R: 12 ± 7) remained equivalent. There was no significant difference in the aural temperature between the trials (ECC R: 37.3 ± 0.1°C; CONR : 37.4 ± 0.1°C, P > 0.05), yet during recovery periods mean skin temperature was significantly elevated in the ECC R (ECC R: 33.9 ± 0.2°C; CONR : 33.3 ± 0.2°C, P < 0.05). Participants preferred ECC R (10/12) and rated the ECC R as more achievable (82.8 ± 11.4 mm) than CONR (79.4 ± 15.9 mm, P < 0.01). In conclusion, eccentric cycling during the recovery period of a HIIT training session, offers a novel approach to concurrent training methodology. The unique cardiopulmonary and skeletal muscle responses facilitate the achievement of both training stimuli within a single exercise bout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two tomato genotypes with constitutively different ABA level, flacca mutant and wild type of Ailsa Craig cv. (WT), were subjected to three repeated drought cycles, with the aim to reveal the role of the abscisic acid (ABA) threshold in developing drought tolerance. Differential responses to drought of two genotypes were obtained: more pronounced stomatal closure, ABA biosynthesis and proline accumulation in WT compared to the mutant were compensated by dry weight accumulation accompanied by transient redox disbalance in flacca. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis of isolated cell wall material and morphological parameter measurements on tomato leaves indicated changes in dry weight accumulation and carbon re-allocation to cell wall constituents in flacca, but not in WT. A higher proportion of cellulose, pectin and lignin in isolated cell walls from flacca leaves further increased with repeated drought cycles. Different ABA-dependent stomatal closure between drought cycles implies that acquisition of stomatal sensitivity may be a part of stress memory mechanism developed under given conditions. The regulatory role of ABA in the cell wall restructuring and growth regulation under low leaf potential was discussed with emphasis on the beneficial effects of drought priming in developing differential defense strategies against drought.

[Display omitted] • Outdoor air PM 2.5 had intrinsic OP related to their physico-chemical characteristics. • Intrinsic OP of outdoor air PM 2.5 predicted induction of oxidative stress in lungs. • Nrf2 and NFκB cell signaling pathways were activated by outdoor air PM 2.5 in lungs. • Oxidative and inflammatory effects persisted in lungs despite exposure cessation. • Better knowledge of the persistence of outdoor air PM 2.5 -induced lung toxicity. More than 7 million early deaths/year are attributable to air pollution. Current health concerns are especially focused on air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM). Although oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation is one of the main adverse outcome pathways triggered by air pollution-derived PM, the persistence of both these underlying mechanisms, even after exposure cessation, remained poorly studied. In this study, A/JOlaHsd mice were also exposed acutely (24 h) or sub-chronically (4 weeks), with or without a recovery period (12 weeks), to two urban PM 2.5 samples collected during contrasting seasons (i.e. , autumn/winter, AW or spring/summer, SS). The distinct intrinsic oxidative potentials (OPs) of AW and SS PM 2.5 , as evaluated in acellular conditions, were closely related to their respective physicochemical characteristics and their respective ability to really generate ROS over-production in the mouse lungs. Despite the early activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cell signaling pathway by AW and, in a lesser degree, SS PM 2.5 , in the murine lungs after acute and sub-chronic exposures, the critical redox homeostasis was not restored, even after the exposure cessation. Accordingly, an inflammatory response was reported through the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) cell signaling pathway activation, the secretion of cytokines, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, in the murine lungs after the acute and sub-chronic exposures to AW and, in a lesser extent, to SS PM 2.5 , which persisted after the recovery period. Taken together, these original results provided, for the first time, new relevant insights that air pollution-derived PM 2.5 , with relatively high intrinsic OPs, induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which persisted admittedly at a lower level in the lungs after the exposure cessation, thereby contributing to the occurrence of molecular and cellular adverse events leading to the development and/or exacerbation of future chronic inflammatory lung diseases and even cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To explore the effect of different methods of scalp acupuncture for hemiplegia patients in cerebral infarction recovery period by using the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Methods:Forty patients with cerebral infarction were randomly divided into four groups, 10 patients in each group, group A was treated by Yu's bilateral scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training, group B, C and D were treated by the conventional Jiao's single ipsilateral scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training, Yu's single ipsilateral scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training and rehabilitation training respectively. Fugl-Meyer scores and MRS were used to evaluate the effect before and after the intervention of 15 days.Results:When comparing the difference in the Fugl-Meyer score within each group, group A was significantly better than group B and C (PPPPPPPPP