24 results on '"Remaud, Marine"'
Search Results
2. Can we gain knowledge on COS anthropogenic and biogenic emissions from a single atmospheric mixing ratios measurement site?
- Author
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Berchet, Antoine, Pison, Isabelle, Huselstein, Camille, Narbaud, Clément, Remaud, Marine, Belviso, Sauveur, Abadie, Camille, and Maignan, Fabienne
- Abstract
Lack of knowledge still remains on many processes leading to COS atmospheric fluxes, either natural such as the oceanic emissions or the vegetation and soil fluxes, or anthropogenic, from industrial activities and power generation. Moreover, COS atmospheric mixing ratio data are still too sparse to evaluate the estimations of these sources and sinks. This study assesses the anthropogenic and biogenic COS fluxes at the regional scale, in the footprint a measurement site in Western Europe, at a seasonal to diurnal time resolution over half a decade. The continuous time series of COS mixing ratios obtained at the monitoring site of Gif-sur-Yvette (in the Paris area) from August 2014 to December 2019 are compared to simulations with the Lagrangian model FLEXPART, transporting oceanic emissions, biogenic land fluxes from the process-model ORCHIDEE and anthropogenic emissions by two different inventories. The anthropogenic emission inventory based on reported industrial emissions and the characteristics of coal power plants in Europe is consistent with the observations. The flat temporal variability applied to anthropogenic fluxes due to lack of information on industrial and power-generation activity in viscose factories and coal-power plants and the potential mismatches in the representation of the plumes emitted from these hot-spots in the model are the main limitations of this inventory. We find that the net ecosystem COS uptake simulated by ORCHIDEE is underestimated in winter at night, which suggests improvements in the parameterization of the nighttime uptake by plants for COS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Simulating the variations of carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere on the hexagonal grid of DYNAMICO coupled with the LMDZ6 model.
- Author
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Lloret, Zoé, Chevallier, Frédéric, Cozic, Anne, Remaud, Marine, and Meurdesoif, Yann
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ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,GENERAL circulation model ,CARBON cycle ,DIGITAL filters (Mathematics) ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,ATMOSPHERE ,QUASI-biennial oscillation (Meteorology) - Abstract
Efforts to monitor the emissions and absorptions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) over the globe and to understand their varying regional patterns with greater accuracy have intensified in recent years. This study evaluates the performance of a new model coupling, ICO, built around the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique atmospheric general circulation model (LMDZ) for simulating CO2 transport. ICO utilizes the new icosahedral hydrostatic dynamical core called Dynamico running on an unstructured grid, which enables potential improvements in spatial resolution at the Equator while removing artificial distortions and numerical filters at the poles. Comparisons with a reference configuration using a structured latitude-longitude grid reveal that ICO well captures seasonal variations in CO2 concentrations at surface stations. While not significantly enhancing the capture of complex seasonal patterns, ICO maintains comparable accuracy. Both configurations exhibit similar vertical CO2 concentration profiles and display a consistent bias in the lower stratosphere relative to observational data. ICO demonstrates advantages in computational efficiency and storage, thanks to its reduced cell count per level and a homogeneous grid structure. It holds promise for future developments, including with the LMDZ offline model and associated inversion system, which contribute to the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Overall, the ICO configuration showcases the efficacy of utilizing an unstructured grid for the physics, and the capability of Dynamico in accurately simulating CO2 transport. This study emphasizes the importance of advanced modeling approaches and high-resolution innovative grids in enhancing our understanding of the global carbon cycle and refining climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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4. National CO2 budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO2 observations in support of the global stocktake
- Author
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Byrne, Brendan, primary, Baker, David F., additional, Basu, Sourish, additional, Bertolacci, Michael, additional, Bowman, Kevin W., additional, Carroll, Dustin, additional, Chatterjee, Abhishek, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Cressie, Noel, additional, Crisp, David, additional, Crowell, Sean, additional, Deng, Feng, additional, Deng, Zhu, additional, Deutscher, Nicholas M., additional, Dubey, Manvendra K., additional, Feng, Sha, additional, García, Omaira E., additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, Herkommer, Benedikt, additional, Hu, Lei, additional, Jacobson, Andrew R., additional, Janardanan, Rajesh, additional, Jeong, Sujong, additional, Johnson, Matthew S., additional, Jones, Dylan B. A., additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Liu, Zhiqiang, additional, Maksyutov, Shamil, additional, Miller, John B., additional, Miller, Scot M., additional, Morino, Isamu, additional, Notholt, Justus, additional, Oda, Tomohiro, additional, O'Dell, Christopher W., additional, Oh, Young-Suk, additional, Ohyama, Hirofumi, additional, Patra, Prabir K., additional, Peiro, Hélène, additional, Petri, Christof, additional, Philip, Sajeev, additional, Pollard, David F., additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Remaud, Marine, additional, Schuh, Andrew, additional, Sha, Mahesh K., additional, Shiomi, Kei, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Té, Yao, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Velazco, Voltaire A., additional, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, additional, Warneke, Thorsten, additional, Worden, John R., additional, Wunch, Debra, additional, Yao, Yuanzhi, additional, Yun, Jeongmin, additional, Zammit-Mangion, Andrew, additional, and Zeng, Ning, additional
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- 2023
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5. Toward High‐Resolution Global Atmospheric Inverse Modeling Using Graphics Accelerators
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Chevallier, Frédéric, primary, Lloret, Zoé, additional, Cozic, Anne, additional, Takache, Sakina, additional, and Remaud, Marine, additional
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- 2023
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6. Intercomparison of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide (TransCom‐COS; Part One): Evaluating the Impact of Transport and Emissions on Tropospheric Variability Using Ground‐Based and Aircraft Data
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Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Remaud, Marine, Ma, Jin, Krol, Maarten, Abadie, Camille, Cartwright, Michael P., Patra, Prabir, Niwa, Yosuke, Rodenbeck, Christian, Belviso, Sauveur, Kooijmans, Linda, Lennartz, Sinikka, Maignan, Fabienne, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Pope, Richard J., Harrison, Jeremy J., Vimont, Isaac, Wilson, Christopher, Peylin, Philippe, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Remaud, Marine, Ma, Jin, Krol, Maarten, Abadie, Camille, Cartwright, Michael P., Patra, Prabir, Niwa, Yosuke, Rodenbeck, Christian, Belviso, Sauveur, Kooijmans, Linda, Lennartz, Sinikka, Maignan, Fabienne, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Pope, Richard J., Harrison, Jeremy J., Vimont, Isaac, Wilson, Christopher, and Peylin, Philippe
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- 2023
7. Carbon and Water Fluxes of the Boreal Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Biome Constrained by Assimilating Ecosystem Carbonyl Sulfide Flux Observations
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Abadie, Camille, Maignan, Fabienne, Remaud, Marine, Kohonen, Kukka Maaria, Sun, Wu, Kooijmans, Linda, Vesala, Timo, Seibt, Ulli, Raoult, Nina, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Belviso, Sauveur, Peylin, Philippe, Abadie, Camille, Maignan, Fabienne, Remaud, Marine, Kohonen, Kukka Maaria, Sun, Wu, Kooijmans, Linda, Vesala, Timo, Seibt, Ulli, Raoult, Nina, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Belviso, Sauveur, and Peylin, Philippe
- Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP) by boreal forests is highly sensitive to environmental changes. However, GPP simulated by land surface models (LSMs) remains highly uncertain due to the lack of direct photosynthesis observations at large scales. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has emerged as a promising proxy to improve the representation of GPP in LSMs. Because COS is absorbed by vegetation following the same diffusion pathway as CO2 during photosynthesis and not emitted back to the atmosphere, incorporating a mechanistic representation of vegetation COS uptake in LSMs allows using COS observations to refine GPP representation. Here, we perform ecosystem COS flux and GPP data assimilations to constrain the COS- and GPP-related parameters in the ORCHIDEE LSM for boreal evergreen needleleaf forests (BorENF). Assimilating ecosystem COS fluxes at Hyytiälä forest increases the simulated net ecosystem COS uptake by 14%. This increase largely results from changes in the internal conductance to COS, highlighting the need to improve the representation of COS internal diffusion and consumption. Moreover, joint assimilation of ecosystem COS flux and GPP at Hyytiälä improves the simulated latent heat flux, contrary to the GPP-only data assimilation, which fails to do so. Finally, we scaled this assimilation framework up to the boreal region and find that the joint assimilation of COS at Hyytiälä and GPP fluxes at 10 BorENF sites increases the modeled vegetation COS uptake up to 18%, but not GPP. Therefore, this study encourages the use of COS flux observations to inform GPP and latent heat flux representations in LSMs.
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- 2023
8. Intercomparison of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide (TransCom‐COS): 2. Evaluation of Optimized Fluxes Using Ground‐Based and Aircraft Observations
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Ma, Jin, Remaud, Marine, Peylin, Philippe, Patra, Prabir, Niwa, Yosuke, Rodenbeck, Christian, Cartwright, Mike, Harrison, Jeremy, Chipperfield, Martyn, Pope, Richard, Wilson, Christopher, Belviso, Sauveur, Montzka, Stephen, Vimont, Isaac, Moore, Fred, Atlas, Elliot L., Schwartz, Efrat, Krol, Maarten, Ma, Jin, Remaud, Marine, Peylin, Philippe, Patra, Prabir, Niwa, Yosuke, Rodenbeck, Christian, Cartwright, Mike, Harrison, Jeremy, Chipperfield, Martyn, Pope, Richard, Wilson, Christopher, Belviso, Sauveur, Montzka, Stephen, Vimont, Isaac, Moore, Fred, Atlas, Elliot L., Schwartz, Efrat, and Krol, Maarten
- Abstract
We present a comparison of atmospheric transport models that simulate carbonyl sulfide (COS). This is part II of the ongoing Atmospheric Transport Model Inter-comparison Project (TransCom–COS). Differently from part I, we focus on seven model intercomparison by transporting two recent COS inversions of NOAA surface data within TM5-4DVAR and LMDz models. The main goals of TransCom-COS part II are (a) to compare the COS simulations using the two sets of optimized fluxes with simulations that use a control scenario (part I) and (b) to evaluate the simulated tropospheric COS abundance with aircraft-based observations from various sources. The output of the seven transport models are grouped in terms of their vertical mixing strength: strong and weak mixing. The results indicate that all transport models capture the meridional distribution of COS at the surface well. Model simulations generally match the aircraft campaigns HIAPER Pole-To-Pole Observations (HIPPO) and Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). Comparisons to HIPPO and ATom demonstrate a gap between observed and modeled COS over the Pacific Ocean at 0–40°N, indicating a potential missing source in the free troposphere. The effects of seasonal continental COS uptake by the biosphere, observed on HIPPO and ATom over oceans, is well reproduced by the simulations. We found that the strength of the vertical mixing within the column as represented in the various atmospheric transport models explains much of the model to model differences. We also found that weak-mixing models transporting the optimized flux derived from the strong-mixing TM5 model show a too strong seasonal cycle at high latitudes.
- Published
- 2023
9. Intercomparison of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide (TransCom-COS; Part One) : Evaluating the Impact of Transport and Emissions on Tropospheric Variability Using Ground-Based and Aircraft Data
- Author
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Remaud, Marine, Ma, Jin, Krol, Maarten, Abadie, Camille, Cartwright, Michael P., Patra, Prabir, Niwa, Yosuke, Rodenbeck, Christian, Belviso, Sauveur, Kooijmans, Linda, Lennartz, Sinikka, Maignan, Fabienne, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Pope, Richard J., Harrison, Jeremy J., Vimont, Isaac, Wilson, Christopher, Peylin, Philippe, Remaud, Marine, Ma, Jin, Krol, Maarten, Abadie, Camille, Cartwright, Michael P., Patra, Prabir, Niwa, Yosuke, Rodenbeck, Christian, Belviso, Sauveur, Kooijmans, Linda, Lennartz, Sinikka, Maignan, Fabienne, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Pope, Richard J., Harrison, Jeremy J., Vimont, Isaac, Wilson, Christopher, and Peylin, Philippe
- Abstract
We present a comparison of atmospheric transport model (ATM) simulations for carbonyl sulfide (COS), within the framework of the atmospheric tracer transport model intercomparison project “TransCom-COS.” Seven ATMs participated in the experiment and provided simulations of COS mixing ratios over the years 2010–2018, using state-of-the-art surface fluxes for various components of the COS budget: biospheric sink, oceanic source, sources from fire and industry. The main goal of TransCom-COS is to investigate the impact of the transport uncertainty and emission distribution in simulating the spatio-temporal variability of tropospheric COS mixing ratios. A control case with seasonal surface fluxes of COS was constructed. The results indicate that the COS mixing ratios are underestimated by at least 50 parts per trillion (ppt) in the tropics, pointing to a missing tropical source. In summer, the mixing ratios are overestimated by at least 50 ppt above 40°N, pointing to a likely missing sink in the high northern latitudes. Regarding the latitudinal profile, the model spread is greater than 60 ppt above 40°N in boreal summer. Regarding the seasonal amplitude, the model spread reaches 50 ppt at 6 out of 15 sites, compared to an observed seasonal amplitude of 100 ppt. All models simulated a too late minimum by at least 2–3 months at two high northern-latitude sites, likely owing to errors in the seasonal cycle in the ocean emissions. This study highlighted the shortcomings in the COS global budget that need to be resolved before using COS as a photosynthesis tracer.
- Published
- 2023
10. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) emissions in two agroecosystems in central France
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Belviso, Sauveur, primary, Abadie, Camille, additional, Montagne, David, additional, Hadjar, Dalila, additional, Tropée, Didier, additional, Vialettes, Laurence, additional, Kazan, Victor, additional, Delmotte, Marc, additional, Maignan, Fabienne, additional, Remaud, Marine, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Lopez, Morgan, additional, Yver-Kwok, Camille, additional, and Ciais, Philippe, additional
- Published
- 2022
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11. National CO2 budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO2 observations in support of the global stocktake
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Byrne, Brendan, Baker, David F., Basu, Sourish, Bertolacci, Michael, Bowman, Kevin W., Carroll, Dustin, Chatterjee, Abhishek, Chevallier, Frédéric, Ciais, Philippe, Cressie, Noel, Crisp, David, Crowell, Sean, Deng, Feng, Deng, Zhu, Deutscher, Nicholas Michael, Dubey, Manvendra K., Feng, Sha, García Rodríguez, Omaira Elena, Griffith, David W. T., Herkommer, Benedikt, Hu, Lei, Jacobson, Andrew R., Janardanan, Rajesh, Jeong, Sujong, Johnson, Matthew S., Jones, Dylan B. A., Kivi, Rigel, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhiqiang, Maksyutov, Shamil, Miller, John B., Morino, Isamu, Notholt, Justus, Oda, Tomohiro, O'Dell, Christopher, Oh, Young-Suk, Ohyama, Hirofumi, Patra, Prabir K., Peiro, Hélène, Petri, Christof, Philip, Sajeev, Pollard, David F., Poulter, Benjamin, Remaud, Marine, Schuh, Andrew, Sha, Mahesh Kumar, Shiomi, Kei, Strong, Kimberly, Sweeney, Colm, Te, Yao, Tian, Hanqin, Velazco, Voltaire A., Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Warneke, Thorsten, Worden, John, Wunch, Debra, Yao, Yuamzhi, Yun, Jeongmin, Zammit Mangion, Andrew, and Zeng, Ning
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Temperature increase ,Carbon dioxide emission ,Climate change - Abstract
Accurate accounting of emissions and removals of CO2 is critical for the planning and verification of emission reduction targets in support of the Paris Agreement. Here, we present a pilot dataset of country-specific net carbon exchange (NCE; fossil plus terrestrial ecosystem fluxes) and terrestrial carbon stock changes aimed at informing countries’ carbon budgets. These estimates are based on “top-down” NCE outputs from the v10 Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) modeling intercomparison project (MIP), wherein an ensemble of inverse modeling groups conducted standardized experiments assimilating OCO-2 column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCO2 ) retrievals (ACOS v10), in situ CO2 measurements or combinations of these data. The v10 OCO-2 MIP NCE estimates are combined with “bottom-up” estimates of fossil fuel emissions and lateral carbon fluxes to estimate changes in terrestrial carbon stocks, which are impacted by anthropogenic and natural drivers. These flux and stock change estimates are reported annually (2015–2020) as both a global 1◦ × 1 ◦ gridded dataset and a country-level dataset and are available for download from the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites’ (CEOS) website: https://doi.org/10.48588/npf6-sw92 (Byrne et al., 2022). Across the v10 OCO-2 MIP experiments, we obtain increases in the ensemble median terrestrial carbon stocks of 3.29–4.58 PgCO2 yr−1 (0.90–1.25 PgC yr−1 ). This is a result of broad increases in terrestrial carbon stocks across the northern extratropics, while the tropics generally have stock losses but with considerable regional variability and differences between v10 OCO-2 MIP experiments. We discuss the state of the science for tracking emissions and removals using top-down methods, including current limitations and future developments towards top-down monitoring and verification systems. This research has been supported by the European Commission, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (CoCO2 (grant no. 958927 856612/EMME-CARE)) and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (grant no. CAMS73), the Australian Research Council (grant nos. DP190100180, DE180100203, DP160100598, LE0668470, DP140101552, DP110103118, DP0879468 and FT180100327), the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency (grant no. JPMEERF21S20800), the Korea Meteorological Administration (grant no. KMA2018-00320), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. 20-OCOST20-0004, 80NSSC18K0908, 80NSSC18K0976, 80NSSC20K0006, 80NSSC21K1068, 80NSSC21K1073, 80NSSC21K1077, 80NSSC21K1080, 80HQTR21T0069, NAG512247, NNG05GD07G, NNH17ZDA001N-OCO2 and NNX15AG93G), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (grant no. NA18OAR4310266).
- Published
- 2023
12. Ongoing Decline in the Atmospheric COS Seasonal Cycle Amplitude over Western Europe: Implications for Surface Fluxes
- Author
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Belviso, Sauveur, primary, Remaud, Marine, additional, Abadie, Camille, additional, Maignan, Fabienne, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, and Peylin, Philippe, additional
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- 2022
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13. Global modelling of soil carbonyl sulfide exchanges
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Abadie, Camille, primary, Maignan, Fabienne, additional, Remaud, Marine, additional, Ogée, Jérôme, additional, Campbell, J. Elliott, additional, Whelan, Mary E., additional, Kitz, Florian, additional, Spielmann, Felix M., additional, Wohlfahrt, Georg, additional, Wehr, Richard, additional, Sun, Wu, additional, Raoult, Nina, additional, Seibt, Ulli, additional, Hauglustaine, Didier, additional, Lennartz, Sinikka T., additional, Belviso, Sauveur, additional, Montagne, David, additional, and Peylin, Philippe, additional
- Published
- 2022
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14. Intercomparison of atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide (TransCom-COS; Part one): Evaluating the impact of transport and emissions on tropospheric variability using ground-based and aircraft data
- Author
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Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Remaud, Marine, Ma, Jin, Krol, Maarten, Abadie, Camille, Cartwright, Mike, Patra, Prabir K., Niwa, Yosuke, Rödenbeck, Christian, Belviso, Sauveur, Kooijmans, Linda, Lennartz, Sinikka, Maignan, Fabienne, Chipperfield, Martyn, Pope, Richard, Harrison, Jeremy, Wilson, Chris, Peylin, Philippe, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Remaud, Marine, Ma, Jin, Krol, Maarten, Abadie, Camille, Cartwright, Mike, Patra, Prabir K., Niwa, Yosuke, Rödenbeck, Christian, Belviso, Sauveur, Kooijmans, Linda, Lennartz, Sinikka, Maignan, Fabienne, Chipperfield, Martyn, Pope, Richard, Harrison, Jeremy, Wilson, Chris, and Peylin, Philippe
- Published
- 2022
15. Plant gross primary production, plant respiration and carbonyl sulfide emissions over the globe inferred by atmospheric inverse modelling
- Author
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Remaud, Marine, primary, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Maignan, Fabienne, additional, Belviso, Sauveur, additional, Berchet, Antoine, additional, Parouffe, Alexandra, additional, Abadie, Camille, additional, Bacour, Cédric, additional, Lennartz, Sinikka, additional, and Peylin, Philippe, additional
- Published
- 2022
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16. Multi‐Season Evaluation of CO₂ Weather in OCO-2 MIP Models
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Zhang, Li, Davis, Kenneth J., Schuh, Andrew E., Jacobson, Andrew R., Pal, Sandip, Cui, Yu Yan, Baker, David, Crowell, Sean, Chevallier, Frederic, Remaud, Marine, Liu, Junjie, Weir, Brad, Philip, Sajeev, Johnson, Matthew S., Deng, Feng, and Basu, Sourish
- Abstract
The ability of current global models to simulate the transport of CO₂ by mid-latitude, synoptic-scale weather systems (i.e., CO₂ weather) is important for inverse estimates of regional and global carbon budgets but remains unclear without comparisons to targeted measurements. Here, we evaluate ten models that participated in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 model intercomparison project (OCO-2 MIP version 9) with intensive aircraft measurements collected from the Atmospheric Carbon Transport (ACT)-America mission. We quantify model-data differences in the spatial variability of CO₂ mole fractions, mean winds, and boundary layer depths in 27 mid-latitude cyclones spanning four seasons over the central and eastern United States. We find that the OCO-2 MIP models are able to simulate observed CO₂ frontal differences with varying degrees of success in summer and spring, and most underestimate frontal differences in winter and autumn. The models may underestimate the observed boundary layer-to-free troposphere CO₂ differences in spring and autumn due to model errors in boundary layer height. Attribution of the causes of model biases in other seasons remains elusive. Transport errors, prior fluxes, and/or inversion algorithms appear to be the primary cause of these biases since model performance is not highly sensitive to the CO₂ data used in the inversion. The metrics presented here provide new benchmarks regarding the ability of atmospheric inversion systems to reproduce the CO₂ structure of mid-latitude weather systems. Controlled experiments are needed to link these metrics more directly to the accuracy of regional or global flux estimates.
- Published
- 2022
17. Carbonyl sulfide: comparing a mechanistic representation of the vegetation uptake in a land surface model and the leaf relative uptake approach
- Author
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Maignan, Fabienne, Abadie, Camille, Remaud, Marine, Kooiijmans, Linda M. J., Kohonen, Kukka-Maaria, Commane, Róisín, Wehr, Richard, Campbell, J. Elliott, Belviso, Sauveur, Montzka, Stephen A., Raoult, Nina, Seibt, Ulli, Shiga, Yoichi P., Vuichard, Nicolas, Whelan, Mary E., Peylin, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [University of Arizona], University of Arizona, ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, and Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles
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1171 Geosciences ,Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit ,Meteorology and Air Quality ,MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE ,STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,Luchtkwaliteit ,WATER TRANSPORT ,ATMOSPHERIC TRACERS ,Air Quality ,Life ,QH501-531 ,Life Science ,EULERIAN BACKTRACKING ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,1172 Environmental sciences ,QH540-549.5 ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,QE1-996.5 ,Ecology ,BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL ,Geology ,15. Life on land ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,GENERAL-CIRCULATION ,CO2 ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,DIOXIDE ,GAS-EXCHANGE - Abstract
Land surface modellers need measurable proxies to constrain the quantity of carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilated by continental plants through photosynthesis, known as gross primary production (GPP). Carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by leaves through their stomates and then hydrolysed by photosynthetic enzymes, is a candidate GPP proxy. A former study with the ORCHIDEE land surface model used a fixed ratio of COS uptake to CO2 uptake normalised to respective ambient concentrations for each vegetation type (leaf relative uptake, LRU) to compute vegetation COS fluxes from GPP. The LRU approach is known to have limited accuracy since the LRU ratio changes with variables such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR): while CO2 uptake slows under low light, COS uptake is not light limited. However, the LRU approach has been popular for COS–GPP proxy studies because of its ease of application and apparent low contribution to uncertainty for regional-scale applications. In this study we refined the COS–GPP relationship and implemented in ORCHIDEE a mechanistic model that describes COS uptake by continental vegetation. We compared the simulated COS fluxes against measured hourly COS fluxes at two sites and studied the model behaviour and links with environmental drivers. We performed simulations at a global scale, and we estimated the global COS uptake by vegetation to be −756 Gg S yr−1, in the middle range of former studies (−490 to −1335 Gg S yr−1). Based on monthly mean fluxes simulated by the mechanistic approach in ORCHIDEE, we derived new LRU values for the different vegetation types, ranging between 0.92 and 1.72, close to recently published averages for observed values of 1.21 for C4 and 1.68 for C3 plants. We transported the COS using the monthly vegetation COS fluxes derived from both the mechanistic and the LRU approaches, and we evaluated the simulated COS concentrations at NOAA sites. Although the mechanistic approach was more appropriate when comparing to high-temporal-resolution COS flux measurements, both approaches gave similar results when transporting with monthly COS fluxes and evaluating COS concentrations at stations. In our study, uncertainties between these two approaches are of secondary importance compared to the uncertainties in the COS global budget, which are currently a limiting factor to the potential of COS concentrations to constrain GPP simulated by land surface models on the global scale.
- Published
- 2021
18. Objective evaluation of surface- and satellite-driven carbon dioxide atmospheric inversions
- Author
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Chevallier, Frédéric, primary, Remaud, Marine, additional, O'Dell, Christopher W., additional, Baker, David, additional, Peylin, Philippe, additional, and Cozic, Anne, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Global modelling of soil carbonyl sulfide exchanges.
- Author
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Abadie, Camille, Maignan, Fabienne, Remaud, Marine, Ogée, Jérôme, Campbell, J. Elliott, Whelan, Mary E., Kitz, Florian, Spielmann, Felix M., Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wehr, Richard, Sun, Wu, Raoult, Nina, Seibt, Ulli, Hauglustaine, Didier, Lennartz, Sinikka T., Belviso, Sauveur, Montagne, David, and Peylin, Philippe
- Subjects
SOILS ,ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,GRASSLAND soils ,FOREST succession ,TUNDRAS ,SOIL permeability ,ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer ,QUANTUM cascade lasers - Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an atmospheric trace gas of interest for C cycle research because COS uptake by continental vegetation is strongly related to terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), the largest and most uncertain flux in atmospheric CO
2 budgets. However, to use atmospheric COS budgets as an additional tracer of GPP, an accurate quantification of COS exchange by soils is also needed. At present, the atmospheric COS budget is unbalanced globally, with total COS flux estimates from oxic and anoxic soils that vary between -409 and -104 GgS yr-1 . This uncertainty hampers the use of atmospheric COS concentrations to constrain GPP estimates through atmospheric transport inversions. In this study we implemented a mechanistic soil COS model in the ORCHIDEE land surface model to simulate COS fluxes in oxic and anoxic soils. Evaluation of the model against flux measurements at 7 sites yields a mean root mean square deviation of 1.6 pmol m-2 s-1 , instead of 2 pmol m-2 s-1 when using a previous empirical approach that links soil COS uptake to soil heterotrophic respiration. The new model predicts that, globally and over the 2009-2016 period, oxic soils act as a net uptake of -126 GgS yr-1 , and anoxic soils are a source of +96 GgS yr-1 , leading to a global net soil sink of only -30 GgS yr-1 , i.e., much smaller than previous estimates. The small magnitude of the soil fluxes suggests that the error in the COS budget is dominated by the much larger fluxes from plants, oceans, and industrial activities. The predicted spatial distribution of soil COS fluxes, with large emissions in the tropics from oxic (up to 68.2 pmol COS m-2 s-1 ) and anoxic (up to 36.8 pmol COS m-2 s-1 ) soils, marginally improves the latitudinal gradient of atmospheric COS concentrations, after transport by the LMDZ atmospheric transport model. The impact of different soil COS flux representations on the latitudinal gradient of the atmospheric COS concentrations is strongest in the northern hemisphere. We also implemented spatio-temporal variations of near-ground atmospheric COS concentrations in the modelling of biospheric COS fluxes, which helped reduce the imbalance of the atmospheric COS budget by lowering COS uptake by soils and vegetation globally (-10% for soil, and -8% for vegetation with a revised mean estimate of -576 GgS yr-1 over 2009-2016). Sensitivity analyses highlighted the different parameters to which each soil COS flux model is the most responsive, selected in a parameter optimization framework. Having both vegetation and soil COS fluxes modelled within ORCHIDEE opens the way for using observed ecosystem COS fluxes and larger scale atmospheric COS mixing ratios to improve the simulated GPP, through data assimilation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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20. Plant gross primary production, plant respiration and carbonyl sulfide emissions over the globe inferred by atmospheric inverse modelling.
- Author
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Remaud, Marine, Chevallier, Frédéric, Maignan, Fabienne, Belviso, Sauveur, Berchet, Antoine, Parouffe, Alexandra, Abadie, Camille, Bacour, Cédric, Lennartz, Sinikka, and Peylin, Philippe
- Abstract
Carbonyl Sulphide (COS), a trace gas showing striking similarity to CO
2 in terms of biochemical diffusion pathway into leaves, has been recognized as a promising indicator of the plant gross primary production (GPP), the amount of carbon dioxide that is absorbed through photosynthesis by terrestrial ecosystems. However, large uncertainties about the other components of its atmospheric budget prevent us from directly relating the atmospheric COS measurements to GPP. The largest uncertainty comes from the closure of its atmospheric budget, with a source component missing. Here, we explore the benefit of assimilating both COS and CO2 measurements into the LMDz atmospheric transport model to obtain consistent information on GPP, plant respiration and COS budget. To this end, we develop an analytical inverse system that optimizes biospheric fluxes for the 15 plant functional types (PFTs) defined in the ORCHIDEE global land surface model. Plant uptake of COS is parameterized as a linear function of GPP of the leaf relative uptake (LRU), which is the ratio of COS to CO2 deposition velocities in plants. A possible scenario for the period 2008-2019 leads to a global biospheric sink of 800 GgS.yr-1 , with higher absorption in the high latitudes and higher oceanic emissions between 400 and 600 GgS.yr-1 most of which is located in the tropics. As for the CO2 budget, the inverse system increases GPP in the high latitudes by a few GtC.yr-1 without modifying the respiration compared to the ORCHIDEE fluxes used as a prior. In contrast, in the tropics the system tends to weaken both respiration and GPP. The optimized components of the COS and CO2 have been evaluated against independent measurements over Northern America, the Pacific Ocean, at three sites in Japan and at one site in France. Overall, the posterior COS concentrations are in better agreement with the COS retrievals at 250 hPa from the MIPAS satellite and with airborne measurements made over North America and the Pacific Ocean. The system seems to have rightly corrected the underestimated GPP over the high latitudes. However, the change in seasonality of GPP in the tropics disagrees with Solar Induced Fluorescence (SIF) data. The decline in biospheric sink in the Amazon driven by the inversion also disagrees with MIPAS COS retrievals at 250 hPa, highlighting the lack of observational constraints in this region. Moreover, the comparison with the surface measurements in Japan and France suggests misplaced sources in the prior anthropogenic inventory, emphasizing the need for an improved inventory to better partition oceanic and continental sources in Asia and Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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21. On the impact of recent developments of the LMDz atmospheric general circulation model on the simulation of CO2 transport
- Author
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Remaud, Marine, Chevallier, Frederic, Cozic, Anne, Lin, Xin, Bousquet, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
lcsh:Geology ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
The quality of the representation of greenhouse gas (GHG) transport in atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) drives the potential of inverse systems to retrieve GHG surface fluxes to a large extent. In this work, the transport of CO2 is evaluated in the latest version of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMDz) GCM, developed for the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) relative to the LMDz version developed for CMIP5. Several key changes have been implemented between the two versions, which include a more elaborate radiative scheme, new subgrid-scale parameterizations of convective and boundary layer processes and a refined vertical resolution. We performed a set of simulations of LMDz with different physical parameterizations, two different horizontal resolutions and different land surface schemes, in order to test the impact of those different configurations on the overall transport simulation. By modulating the intensity of vertical mixing, the physical parameterizations control the interhemispheric gradient and the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere, as emphasized by the comparison with observations at surface sites. However, the effect of the new parameterizations depends on the region considered, with a strong impact over South America (Brazil, Amazonian forest) but a smaller impact over Europe, East Asia and North America. A finer horizontal resolution reduces the representation errors at observation sites near emission hotspots or along the coastlines. In comparison, the sensitivities to the land surface model and to the increased vertical resolution are marginal.
- Published
- 2018
22. Carbonyl Sulfide: Comparing a Mechanistic Representation of the Vegetation Uptake in a Land Surface Model and the Leaf Relative Uptake Approach.
- Author
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Maignan, Fabienne, Abadie, Camille, Remaud, Marine, Kooijmans, Linda M. J., Kohonen, Kukka-Maaria, Commane, Róisín, Wehr, Richard, Campbell, J. Elliott, Belviso, Sauveur, Montzka, Stephen A., Raoult, Nina, Seibt, Ulli, Shiga, Yoichi P., Vuichard, Nicolas, Whelan, Mary E., and Peylin, Philippe
- Subjects
AIR sampling ,ATMOSPHERIC transport ,SULFIDES ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,CARBON dioxide - Abstract
Land surface modelers need measurable proxies to constrain the quantity of carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) assimilated by continental plants through photosynthesis, known as Gross Primary Production (GPP). Carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by leaves through their stomates and then hydrolysed by photosynthetic enzymes, is a candidate GPP proxy. A former study with the ORCHIDEE land surface model used a fixed ratio of COS uptake to CO2 uptake normalized to respective ambient concentrations for each vegetation type (Leaf Relative Uptake, LRU). COS leaf fluxes were then computed from GPP, and the resulting concentrations were transported with an atmospheric model which included all other known COS fluxes as inputs. Modelled COS concentrations could then be compared to COS measurements from the NOAA air sampling tower network. The LRU approach is known to have limited accuracy since the LRU ratio changes with variables such as Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR): while CO2 uptake slows under low light, COS uptake is not light limited. However, the LRU approach has been popular for COS-GPP proxy studies because of its ease of application and apparent low contribution to uncertainty for regional scale applications. In this study we refined the COS-GPP relationship and implemented in ORCHIDEE a mechanistic model that describes COS uptake by continental vegetation. We compared the simulated COS fluxes against measured hourly COS fluxes at two sites, and studied the model behaviour and links with environmental drivers. We performed simulations at global scale, and estimated the global COS uptake by vegetation to be -756 Gg S yr-1 , in the middle range of former studies (-490 to -1335 Gg S yr-1 ). Based on the mechanistic approach in ORCHIDEE, we derived new LRU values for the different vegetation types, ranging between 0.92 and 1.72, close to recently published averages for observed values of 1.21 for C4 and 1.68 for C3 plants. We transported the COS using the monthly vegetation COS fluxes derived from both the mechanistic and the LRU approaches, and evaluated the simulated COS concentrations at NOAA sites. Although the mechanistic approach was more appropriate when comparing to high-temporal-resolution COS flux measurements, both approaches gave similar results when transporting with monthly COS fluxes and evaluating COS concentrations at stations. In our study, uncertainties between these two approaches are of second importance as compared to the uncertainties in the COS global budget, which are currently a limiting factor to the potential of COS concentrations to constrain GPP simulated by land surface models on the global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Objective evaluation of surface- and satellite-driven CO2 atmospheric inversions.
- Author
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Chevallier, Frédéric, Remaud, Marine, O'Dell, Christopher W., Baker, David, Peylin, Philippe, and Cozic, Anne
- Abstract
We study an ensemble of six multi-year global Bayesian CO
2 atmospheric inversions that vary in terms of assimilated observations (either column retrievals from one of two satellites or surface air sample measurements) and transport model. The time series of inferred annual fluxes are first compared with each other at various spatial scales. We then objectively evaluate the small inversion ensemble based on a large dataset of accurate aircraft measurements in the free troposphere over the globe, that are independent from all assimilated data. The measured variables are connected with the inferred fluxes through mass-conserving transport in the global atmosphere and are part of the inversion results. Large-scale annual fluxes estimated from the bias-corrected land retrievals of the second Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) differ from the prior fluxes much, but are similar to the fluxes estimated from the surface network within the uncertainty of these surface-based estimates. The OCO-2- and surface-based inversions have similar performance when projected in the space of the aircraft data, but relative strengths and weaknesses of the two flux estimates vary within the Northern and Tropical parts of the continents. The verification data also suggests that the more complex and more recent transport model does not improve the inversion skill. In contrast, the inversion using bias-corrected retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) or, to a larger extent, a non-Bayesian inversion that simply adjusts a recent bottom-up flux estimate with the annual growth rate diagnosed from marine surface measurements, estimate much different fluxes and fit the aircraft data less. Our study highlights a way to rate global atmospheric inversions. It suggests that some satellite retrievals can now provide inversion results that are, despite their uncertainty, comparable in credibility to traditional inversions using the accurate but sparse surface network and that are therefore complementary for studies of the global carbon budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. On the impact of recent developments of an atmospheric general circulation model on the simulation of CO2 transport.
- Author
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Remaud, Marine, Chevallier, Frédéric, Cozic, Anne, Xin Lin, and Bousquet, Philippe
- Subjects
- *
GENERAL circulation model , *GREENHOUSE gases , *ATMOSPHERIC models - Abstract
The quality of the representation of greenhouse gas (GHG) transport in atmospheric General Circulation Models (GCMs) drives the potential of inverse systems to retrieve GHG surface fluxes to a large extent. In this work, the transport of CO2 is evaluated in the latest version of the LMDz GCM, developed for the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) relative to the LMDz version developed for CMIP4. Several key changes have been implemented between the two versions; those include a more elaborate radiative scheme, new sub-grid scale parameterizations of convective and boundary layer processes, and a refined vertical resolution. We performed a set of simulations of LMDz with the different physical parameterizations, two different horizontal resolutions and different land surface schemes, in order to test the impact of those different configurations on the overall transport simulation. By modulating the intensity of vertical mixing, the physical parameterizations control the interhemispheric gradient and the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in the summer northern hemisphere, as emphasized by the comparison with observations at surface sites. However, the effect of the new parameterizations depends on the region considered, with a strong impact over South America (Brazil, Amazonian forest) but a smaller impact over Europe, Eastern Asia and North America. A finer horizontal resolution reduces the representation errors at observation sites near emission-hot spots or along the coastlines. In comparison, the sensitivities to the land surface model and to the increased vertical resolution are marginal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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