Search

Objective: To establish the effect of high intensity and progressive volume resistance training (HIRT), on general health, functional, mental status, and quality of life (QOL) indicators in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: The sample consisted of 5 people with SCI of both sexes, aged 46.2 ± 13.9 years, submitted to 12 weeks of HIRT, twice a week. Were analyzed before and after the 12 weeks of intervention: body composition, muscle strength, functional status, perception of mental status, and QOL, using the following tests: dual-energy x-ray densitometry, 1RM, isometry of biceps, elbow flexion, Wingate, zigzag, medicine ball pitch, Beck inventory (anxiety, depression and mental disorder) and SF-36. Results: The results pointed to an increase in the training load, the total bone mineral content (p= 0.043), the muscle power at 80% of 1RM (p = 0.043), the functional state (anaerobic power [= 6,81%; p= 0.043] and explosive strength [= 30,57%; p= 0.043] of the shoulder girdle muscles), the mental state (= 71,46%; p= 0.006) and finally, improvement in QOL, especially in the functional (= 60,87%; p= 0.006) and social aspects (= 44,44%; p= 0.006). Conclusions: HIRT can improve or maintain body composition, developing muscle power, anaerobic power, and explosive strength of the upper limbs that will impact functional capacity, promoting greater autonomy, with consequent reflex in improving mental state and of the QOL of the person with SCI.

The purpose is to evaluate possible relationships between the level of structured physical exercise and the risk of falls in the elderly. The volunteers were elderly of both genders aged from 60 to 70 years old, sorted into 3 groups, which were: Structured Exercise Group (SEG); Sufficiently Active Group (SAG); Insufficiently Active Group (IAG). For data collecting, validated tools were used, being the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I-BRASIL) and Test Up and Go (TUG) for the level of physical activity, risk of fall, and mobility, respectively. In addition, perimetry of the abdomen, waist, and hip were collected, in addition to body mass and height. It was found that the level of physical activity is directly related to the fear of falls and that the exercises structured by a professional and Physical Education further reduce this fear.

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus affects current society, and is associated with overweight and obesity. Physical exercise has been showing favorable results in the anthropometric parameters and in the gain of joint flexibility and body mobility in these individuals. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the interference of an exercise program in anthropometric measures, flexibility and body mobility in type 2 diabetics. Method: This is a longitudinal study, performed with 14 type 2 diabetic patients, with a mean age of 55± 9 years, both genders, separated in aerobic group (n=8) and resistance group (n=6). The body mass index, waist circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, fat percentage, limp-femoral flexibility and body mobility were assessed before and after a 10-week period of aerobic or resistance exercises with a weekly frequency of 3 days. Results: For the analysis of the results, it was applied the paired t test (pre x post exercise) and independent t test (aerobic group x resistance group) with significance level of 5%. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric variables in both groups after the 10-week period of supervised training. In relation to the body mobility test, we observed a significant difference in the total sample (p=0.02), in the aerobic group (p=0.02) and in the resistance group (p=0.04). The coxofemoral flexibility test showed significant improvement (p=0.02) in the total sample and clinical improvement in aerobic (p=0.12) and resistance (p=0.09) groups. Conclusion: Both aerobic and resistance training provided positive effects in the coxofemoral flexibility and body mobility tests. In contrast, there was no significant improvement in anthropometric variables after 10 weeks of physical exercise.

Objective: To evaluate the interference of supervised resistance and aerobic training in glycemic levels during and after 36 sessions, belonging to a training period of three months in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as the comparison of both exercise training. Methods: This is a experimental study with twelve T2DM patients, all sedentary and attended by the Specialized Care Center of Viçosa-MG, randomized into aerobic (n = 6.54 ± 5 years) and resisted (n = 6.58 ± 9 years) groups. Capillary glycemia was collected before (M1), during (M2) and after (M3) each exercise session for 12 weeks with a weekly frequency of three days. It was used ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey and Student’s test. Results: A mean drop in capillary glycemia was observed between M1 and M2 (p = 0.001), M2 and M3 (p = 0.001) and M1 and M3 (p = 0.001) in both groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that aerobic and resistance exercise training caused a decreased in the blood glucose during exercise sessions. The findings showed that both modes of exercise are important in the hyperglycemic treatment of T2DM patients.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento de um protocolo específico na natação para detectar a Frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx) pode qualificar a prescrição e controle de treinamento na natação. Dessa forma, o estudo objetivou validar um teste específico para obtenção da FCmáx em natação, para o nado crawl. Onze nadadores masculinos, de nível universitário, nadaram as distâncias de 100 e 200 metros crawl, em velocidade máxima, com monitoramento da FC, através de um monitor cardíaco. A validade foi avaliada pela relação entre FCmáx e lactato e a confiabilidade por teste e reteste de cada distância. A FCmáx dos 100 e 200 metros no teste foi de 187,6 ± 7,23 e 187,6 ± 7,54 bpm (p > 0,05) e no reteste de 188,3 ± 8,3 e 189,5 ± 8 bpm (p > 0,05). Encontraram-se altos valores de correlação para FCmáx obtida e concentração de lactato nos dois testes (100 e 200 metros). Correlações positivas significativas entre teste e reteste mostraram a confiabilidade dos testes (100 metros - 0,910, p < 0,001 e 200 metros - 0,950, p < 0,001). Conclui-se que os testes propostos são capazes de gerar, com precisão, a FCmáx de nadadores de nível universitário, são uma importante variável usada para cálculo das zonas de intensidade do treinamento e ferramenta para monitoramento da evolução do atleta durante a temporada. ABSTRACT The development of a specific protocol to detect swimming Maximum Heart Rate (HRmax) can qualify the prescription and control training in swimming. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate a specific test to obtain HRmax in swimming, to freestyle. Eleven male swimmers, college-level, swam the distances of 100 and 200 meters at maximum speed, with heart rate monitoring, through a cardiac monitor. The validity was evaluated by the relation between HRmax and lactate, and the reliability by test and retest of each distance. The HRmax of the 100 and 200 meters in the test was 187.6±7.23 and 187.6±7.54 bpm (p>0.05) and in the retest of 188.3±8.3 and 189.5±8 bpm (p>0.05). High correlation values were found for HRmax obtained and lactate concentration in both tests (100 and 200 meters). Significant positive correlations between test and retest showed the reliability of the tests (100 meters - 0.910, p 0,05) y en el retest, 188,3 ± 8,3 y 189,5 ± 8 lpm (p > 0,05). Se encontraron elevados valores de correlación obtenidos para la FCmáx y la concentración de lactato en las dos pruebas (100 y 200 metros). Correlaciones positivas importantes entre el test y el retest mostraron la fiabilidad de las pruebas (100 metros: 0,910; p < 0,001 y 200 metros: 0,950; p < 0,001). Se concluye que las pruebas propuestas son capaces de generar, con precisión, la FCmáx de nadadores de nivel universitario y son una importante variable usada para calcular las zonas de intensidad del entrenamiento y una herramienta para el control de la evolución del nadador durante la temporada.

Diversos estudos demonstram que a atividade física reduz a pressão arterial, porém no que diz respeito aos exercícios resistidos, seus o efeito sobre a pressão arterial (PA) são controversos. O presente estudo centrou-se em avaliar e comparar o efeito hipotensor através da monitorização residencial da pressão arterial (MRPA), depois de uma sessão de exercício resistido realizada por idosos hipertensos em dois horários distintos do dia. Participaram do estudo 6 mulheres (66,6%) e 3 homens (33,3%), com média de idade de 70 ± 5,22 anos e diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão arterial sistêmica grau 1. Os indivíduos participaram de duas sessões de treinamentos com as mesmas características, sendo uma às 8 horas da manhã de uma segunda-feira e outra às 16 horas da tarde de quarta-feira da mesma semana, compostas por exercícios resistidos, com duração média de 60 minutos, combinado por 10 minutos de aquecimento específico. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foi obtida por equipamento oscilométrico oito vezes ao dia. As médias obtidas nas 48 horas de MRPA para a PAS e PAD não apresentaram diferenças significativas quando foi comparado o exercício às 8:00 horas com o realizado às 16:00 horas. No entanto, foi observada uma redução significativa da PAS pelo menos em um dos momentos estudados (11:00 horas) quando a sessão de exercício foi realizada pela manhã. Este fato não ocorreu quando a sessão de exercício foi realizada à tarde. Conclui-se que independentemente do período de realização dos exercícios resistidos em idosos hipertensos e destreinados, a PAS apresentou diferença quando comparada ao dia sem exercício. Além disso, no que diz respeito ao controle da PA, maiores benefícios foram encontrados quando o exercício foi praticado no período da manhã.

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are important risk factors for developing cognitive impairment. General life-style changes including physical training are known to reduce elevated blood pressure and sugar levels, as well as improve mental health. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether supervised physical exercise enhances the cognitive status of patients with chronic diseases. Volunteers with SAH, DM or SAH?+?DM participated in either aerobic or resistance training during a period of 12 weeks. Several domains of cognitive functions were evaluated using the mental test and training system before and after the 3 months. Participants with either of these chronic diseases demonstrated significantly improved attention and concentration, but not reaction time, following the supervised exercise. Structured physical training promotes several aspects of cognitive functions in diabetic and hypertensive patients.

Mental illnesses are frequent co-morbid conditions in chronic systemic diseases. High incidences of depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment complicate cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Lifestyle changes including regular exercise have been advocated to reduce blood pressure and improve glycaemic control. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effect of physical training on the most prevalent corollary psychiatric problems in patients with chronic organic ailments. This longitudinal study assessed the mental health of hypertensive (age: 57 ± 8 years) and/or diabetic (age: 53 ± 8 years) patients using mini-mental state examination, Beck’s depression inventory, Beck’s anxiety inventory and self-reporting questionnaire-20 before and after a 3-month supervised resistance and aerobic exercise programme comprising structured physical activity three times a week. Clinically relevant improvement was observed in the Beck’s depression inventory and Beck’s anxiety inventory scores following the 12-week training (61%, p = 0.001, and 53%, p = 0.02, respectively). Even though statistically not significant ( p = 0.398), the cognitive performance of this relatively young patient population also benefited from the programme. These results demonstrate positive effects of active lifestyle on non-psychotic mental disorders in patients with chronic systemic diseases, recommending exercise as an alternative treatment option.

No presente artigo investigou-se a manifestação da ansiedade competitiva no contexto da natação bem como a interferência dos fatores gênero, experiência e categoria nessa variável. Foram utilizados questionários fechados, especificamente, os questionários de autorrelato SCAT e CSAI - 2, aplicados antes das competições na etapa final da II Copa MG Natação. A amostra contou com 51 atletas, com média de idade de 17,8 anos (± 2,8 anos), sendo 33 do sexo masculino e 18 do sexo feminino. Os resultados apontaram que atletas do sexo feminino, os mais jovens e aqueles com menor experiência competitiva apresentam maior ansiedade-estado somática e cognitiva, que há diferença em autoconfiança entre atletas de maior e menor experiência competitiva e que mulheres apresentam maiores índices de ansiedade-traço competitiva, assim como atletas mais jovens. Apesar das diferenças estatisticamente significantes, os níveis de ansiedade-estado e traço são considerados moderados, não diferindo de outras publicações. In this paper, we investigate the manifestation of competitive anxiety in the context of swimming, aiming at the interference of the different factors such as gender, experience and category on this variable. Closed questionnaires were used, specifically the self-report SCAT and CSAI - 2, applied before the competition in the final stage of II COPA MG NATAÇÃO. The sample consisted of 51 athletes, with an average age of 17.82 years (± 2.85 years) being 33 males and 18 females. The results pointed that the female athletes, the young and those with less competitive experience present a higher cognitive and somatic state anxiety. There is a difference between self-confidence in athletes with lower and higher competitive experience, women have higher rates of competitive trait anxiety as well as younger athletes. Despite statistically significant differences, the levels of state and trait anxiety are considered moderate and did not differ from other publications.

Background The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, resulting in a global epidemic. The most common type, the type 2 diabetes mellitus, constitutes of 90–95 % of the cases and is characterized by the action of and/or impaired insulin secretion. Regular exercise is a recommended strategy in several studies and guidelines for type 2 diabetes control and complications associated with it. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the effects of aerobic and strength exercise programs on the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The selected patients were divided into groups which performed moderate strength training (ST) and aerobic training (AT). The study lasted 20 weeks and was divided into two 10 week phases with anthropometric (body mass index, waist, abdomen and hips circumferences, waist/hip ratio) and biochemical (glycemic and lipid profile) assessments at baseline, 10 weeks and 20 weeks. For intra and inter analyses a mixed ANOVA model was used. Individual changes were calculated using the minimum detectable change, based on a 90 % confidence interval. Results Eleven patients (five men and six women) completed the 20 weeks of training; five from the ST group and six from the AT. No significant changes were observed in any anthropometric variable in either group. Statistically significant differences were found in mean hemoglobin A1c in both groups between baseline (AT: 8.6 ± 2.5; ST: 9.2 ± 1.9) and 10 weeks (AT: 7.2 ± 1.7; ST: 7.9 ± 1.2) (p = 0.03), and baseline (AT: 8.6 ± 2.5; ST: 9.2 ± 1.9) and 20 weeks (AT: 7.5 ± 1.7; ST: 7.4 ± 0.9) (p = 0.01). For the minimal detectable changes, 40 % of the ST and 33 % of AT achieved these changes for hemoglobin A1c. Conclusion Both aerobic and strength exercises can help the metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, even without significant changes in anthropometry over the 20 weeks of training. However, this period was sufficient to cause changes in hemoglobin A1c values and the estimated average glucose, which are important parameters in controlling diabetes, thus signaling an important consequence of adhering to an exercise routine for type 2 diabetic patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0123-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.