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A narrative review of quantitative studies was conducted to critically appraise and synthesise the current evidence for resistance exercise as a way to improve the psychosocial well-being of older adults. Fifteen articles, which met the inclusion criteria, were retrieved. The data were synthesized and critiqued according to methodological features. The results suggest that resistance exercise can significantly improve the psychosocial well-being of older adults and may be particularly effective for clinically unwell older adults. However, a cautious interpretation should be made when analysing the results, due to the diversity of resistance exercise used. Suggestions for future research were considered. A mixed-method approach combing both quantitative and qualitative methods was adopted for the empirical paper. Twenty-three participants were recruited through a larger study, a randomised controlled eight-week trial comparing resistance training with a treatment-as-usual group. Questionnaires were used to analyse the effect of exercise on quality of life and mental health of older adults. Results showed no significant differences between the groups. Interviews were conducted post intervention with nine participants who had been allocated to the resistance exercise group. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Six main themes were created to describe the participants’ experience: adjustment to illness; capabilities/limitations of body/ability; maintaining life’s qualities; impact of exercise; undertaking a research programme and being a helper. The analysis suggests that resistance exercise can improve mood, bodily confidence, social contact with others and generate routine and purpose. The findings also suggest that those who are not effectively supported may not continue with their exercise routine.