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This study aimed to compare the survival of replanted teeth that followed the 2012 or the 2020 International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines. Sixty-two permanent replanted teeth were retrospectively assessed (IADT 2012, n = 45; IADT 2020, n = 17). Five years after replantation (from January 2017 to December 2021), clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. A significance level of 95% was considered to evaluate the outcomes. Thirty-one teeth (50.0%) remained in their sockets and 31 (50.0%) were lost due to external root resorption. Of the 25 (40.3%) teeth replanted within one hour, 16 (64.0%) remained in their sockets, and 9 (36.0%) were lost. Twenty-two (71.0%) of all 31 lost teeth had an extra-alveolar time of more than one hour. Twelve teeth remained in their sockets without resorption: 8 (66.7%) were replanted within one hour, 2 (16.7%) followed the 2012 IADT, and 2 (16.7%) the 2020 IADT guidelines for late replantation. There was a significant difference (p 0.05). Replanted teeth following both, 2012 or 2020 IADT guidelines, have similar clinical outcomes. The extra-alveolar time of less than one hour was demonstrated to be important to keep the permanent tooth in its socket. Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a sobrevida, por cinco anos, de dentes reimplantados que seguiram as diretrizes de 2012 ou 2020 da International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Sessenta e dois dentes permanentes reimplantados foram avaliados retrospectivamente (IADT 2012, n = 45; IADT 2020, n = 17). Cinco anos após o reimplante, foram realizados exames clínicos e radiográficos. Foi considerado um nível de significância de 95% para avaliar os desfechos. Trinta e um dentes (50,0%) permaneceram em seus alvéolos e 31 (50,0%) foram perdidos por reabsorção radicular externa. Dos 25 (40,3%) dentes reimplantados em uma hora, 16 (64,0%) permaneceram em seus alvéolos e 9 (36,0%) foram perdidos. Vinte e dois (71,0%) de todos os 31 dentes perdidos tiveram um tempo extra-alveolar superior a uma hora. Doze dentes permaneceram em seus alvéolos sem reabsorção: 8 (66,7%) foram reimplantados em uma hora, 2 (16,7%) seguiram a IADT de 2012 e 2 (16,7%) as diretrizes da IADT de 2020 para reimplante tardio. Houve diferença significativa (p 0,05). Dentes reimplantados seguindo as diretrizes de 2012 ou 2020 da IADT, tiveram taxas de sucesso semelhantes. O tempo extra-alveolar inferior a uma hora demonstrou ser importante para manter o dente permanente em seu alvéolo.

We aimed to evaluate laypeople’s visual perception of the gingival smile before and after botulinum-toxin application, using eye-tracking technology. Two frontal photographs of a female volunteer’s face with a gingival smile were used. One before and another 30 days after the toxin application in the upper lip elevator muscle region. The images were evaluated by 58 participants. Using the OGAMA software, visualization data were obtained in three areas of interest (AOI) through eye-tracking. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess facial attractiveness, and a questionnaire to assess the perception of sympathy, satisfaction with the smile, dissatisfaction with dental and gingival exposure, and shyness. Heat and point maps showed that the participants visually concentrated on the mouth region, with a small transition to the nose and eyes in the pre-procedure image. The mouth region was the AOI where the first visualization occurred in a shorter time compared to the latter areas (p

Resumo A organização dos sistemas de saúde em redes de atenção à saúde (RAS) se apresenta como uma estratégia para superar a fragmentação das ações e serviços de saúde materno-infantil e qualificar a gestão do cuidado. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o Instrumento de Avaliação de Redes de Atenção Materno-infantil (IARAMI), adaptado a partir do Instrumento de Avaliação de Redes de Atenção à Saúde. O processo de validação compreendeu a validação de face e construto. A metodologia utilizada para a validação de face incluiu a adaptação conceitual e semântica do instrumento e a análise por um painel de especialistas, por meio da técnica e-Delphi de consenso modificada. Após sua validação de face, o IARAMI foi aplicado em uma amostra de gestores de 99 municípios do estado do Paraná. A validação de construto foi conduzida por análise de consistência interna por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e de análise fatorial. A técnica de análise fatorial foi aplicada para cada uma das dimensões do instrumento, permitindo a análise de comunalidades. Os resultados evidenciaram que o IARAMI apresentou confiabilidade e validade, demonstrando ser uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar gestores e trabalhadores da saúde no planejamento, na gestão e na avaliação do grau de integração da rede de atenção à saúde materno-infantil. Abstract The organization of health systems in Health Care Networks (HCN) presents itself as a strategy to overcome the fragmentation of maternal and child health actions and services and to qualify care management. The objective of this study was to validate the Instrument for Evaluation of Maternal and Child Health Care Networks (IARAMI), adapted from the Evaluation Tool of Health Care Networks. The validation process comprised face and construct validation. The methodology used for face validation included the conceptual and semantic adaptation of the instrument and analysis by a panel of experts, through the modified consensus e-Delphi technique. After face validation, IARAMI was applied in a sample of 99 health managers of municipalities in the state of Paraná. The construct validation was conducted through the internal consistency analysis using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and factorial analysis. The factorial analysis technique was applied to each of the dimensions of the instrument, enabling the analysis of communalities. The results showed that IARAMI presented reliability and validity, proving to be a tool that can help managers and health workers in the planning, management, and evaluation of the degree of integration of the maternal and child care network.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the use of an autologous membrane of fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes (LPRF) and blood clot, in bone repair after periapical surgery, in teeth with apical lesions. Methodology: Randomized clinical study of 64 teeth with periapical lesions submitted to apicectomy and retrograde filling with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The teeth were divided into 2 groups according to the filling of the bone pocket: LPRF (n = 34) and only with blood clot (n = 30). The areas were measured twice, T0 after periapical surgery and T1 after 90 days, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess bone pocket repair in cubic millimeters using the ITK-SNAP program. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant reductions in the volume of bone stores in the LPRF group, with a 48.47% reduction compared to 29.25% for the blood clot group (p < 0.01), with the power of test at 99.86%. Conclusion: The use of LPRF membrane can be recommended as a bone site filler after periapical surgery compared to blood clot.

The prevalence of insomnia, depression and anxiety have recently been increasing (Kessler et al., 2005) with approximately 18.4% of the Brazilian population having experienced depression at least once during their lifetimes. These data characterize Brazil as the developing country with the largest number of people suffering from this disease (WHO, 2018). Depression is commonly accompanied by anxiety disorders and chronic psychiatric conditions with an estimated prevalence of approximately 29% (Kessler et al., 2005), which results in functional impairment that is associated with significant social costs. Treatment of these conditions includes psychological therapy and antidepressants. These drugs, such as benzodiazepines (BZDs), have been widely studied since the 1960s (Llorente et al., 2000) (WHO, 2018). BZDs are used by 9–25% of the elderly population aged 65 years of age and over, mainly among women (15–21.7% in Brazil, 9.9% in the United States, 24% in Canada and 25% in Sweden) (Jorm et al., 2000, Alvarenga et al., 2008, Johnell and Fastbom, 2009, Leggett et al., 2015). BZDs can be divided into two categories, anxiolytics and hypnotics, and can be used as anticonvulsants due to their muscle relaxant effects (De Almeida et al., 2008). As with all central-acting drugs, BZDs have side effects, such as decreased psychomotor activity, memory loss, physical dependence on long-term treatments, (Longo et al., 2000, Uzun et al., 2010) and hyposalivation and/or xerostomia, which is one of the main adverse effects described in the literature (Guggenheimer and Moore, 2003, Lambrecht et al., 2013, Raghavan et al., 2014). BZDs are among the drugs with the highest rates of complaints by patients in dental offices (Smith and Burtner, 1994) where these drugs are prescribed to reduce anxiety related to dental treatments of non-cooperative patients (Zaclikevis et al., 2009). Among the licensed BZDs, Lorazepam is one of the most widely used drugs for both insomnia and anxiety (Amato et al., 2010), particularly among elderly individuals with anxiety disorders and related conditions (Pomara et al., 2015). Previous studies, by our research group, demonstrated the damage Lorazepam and midazolam, another BDZ commonly prescribed for anxiety, caused to the acinar cells of parotid glands (Rinaldi et al., 2015, Mattioli et al., 2016, Rinaldi et al., 2018). We observed that the chronic use of BZDs significantly decreased the number and proliferation of acinar cells, reduced salivary flow and increased cell volume. In light of this, we hypothesize that the reduction in the number of acinar cells caused by Lorazepam in the salivary glands is possibly due to an apoptotic effect on these cells of the parotid glands of rats caused by the chronic use of this drug. Apoptosis plays a fundamental role in the elimination of unwanted, damaged or infected cells in multicellular organisms and serves as an important biological process in cellular development, differentiation and proliferation (So et al., 2016). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) (Tilly, 1996) technique is the gold standard test employed to detect apoptotic cells (Burattini et al., 2009, Heisler-Taylor et al., 2018). Because of the its wide-spread use of TUNEL, there is no need to use another technique to detect apoptotic cells. The literature lacks studies demonstrating Lorazepam-induced apoptosis in acinar cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apoptotic action of a BZD on the acinar cells of the parotid glands of rats by quantification of the number of apoptotic cell nuclei (NCA), the number of acinar cells (N) and the immunoexpression of nuclear proliferation cell proliferation (PCNA) protein.

Objective: To evaluate the initial forces generated by two types of palatal expansion appliances, through fiber optic sensors, in elastomeric models. Materials and Methods: An elastomeric model simulating the upper dental arch was fabricated. The sensors were placed adjacent to the first premolars and the first molars roots (apical, cervical, vestibular, palatal). Hyrax and Haas palatal expanders were fitted onto the dental arch. Activation of the screw was performed 4 times. The variations in wavelengths of each sensor during the activations were recorded. ANOVA and Games-Howell were used (P

Objectives To evaluate postoperative pain after endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth using large intentional foraminal enlargement (LIFE). Materials and methods The sample included 60 asymptomatic necrotic teeth (with or without chronic apical periodontitis), and a periodontal probing depth of 3 mm, previously accessed and referred to perform endodontic treatment. After previous procedures, the position and approximate size of the apical foramen (AF) were determined by using an apex locator and K flexo-files, respectively. The chemomechanical preparation was performed with Profile 04 files 2 mm beyond the AF to achieve the LIFE, using 2.5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl at each file change. The filling was performed by Tagger's hybrid technique and EndoFill sealer. Phone calls were made to all the patients at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment, to classify postoperative pain. Statistical analysis was performed by different tests with a significance level of 5%. Results Age, gender, periradicular status and tooth type did not influence postoperative pain (p > 0.05). Only 1 patient (1.66%) reported severe pain after 72 hours. Moderate pain was reported by 7, 4 and 3 patients after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively (p = 0.0001). However, paired analyses showed a statistically significant difference only between 24 and 72 hours (p = 0.04). Sealer extrusion did not influence the postoperative pain (p > 0.05). Conclusions Acute or moderate postoperative pain was uncommon after endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with LIFE. Trial registration The Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: RBR-3r967t.

Objective The objective of this study was to assess inflammatory cytologic alterations in the oral epithelium of patients on human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Material and Methods Epithelial cells from the buccal mucosa of 30 patients were collected by exfoliative cytology and were evaluated according to inflammatory cellular alterations: karyomegaly, bi- or multinucleation, karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, perinuclear halo formation, metachromasia, cytoplasmic vacuolization, indistinct cytoplasmic border, keratinization, and atrophy. Epithelial cells were collected initially before PrEP onset (T1) and then after 30 days of PrEP use (T2). Two experienced cytopathologists independently analyzed the slides. Results The nonparametric Wilcoxon test showed that there was a statistically significant increase in the number of cells with karyomegaly at T2 compared to T1 (P = .033). The other cellular alterations did not present with statistically significant differences between the 2 moments of evaluation (P > .05). Conclusion The increased number of oral epithelial cells with karyomegaly after 30 days of using PrEP suggests the presence of inflammatory alterations at this site.

Background: Several of young people and adults make use of anabolic-androgenic steroid (ASS), during resistance training. The purposes of this study were to compare blood and salivary parameters in male resistance training practitioners using oxandrolone with reference values, compare these with a control group in triplicate, and correlate salivary and blood parameters. Methods: In this prospective analytical observational study, blood, saliva, and urine were collected from 22 individuals (oxandrolone group, OG, n = 11 and control group, CG, n = 11), and these samples were analyzed at three time points: before oxandrolone consumption, at cessation of oxandrolone use, and three months after cessation of oxandrolone use. Complete blood count, lipid profile, metabolites, and enzymes were analyzed from blood samples. Salivary flow, pH, triglycerides, urea, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, phosphorus, and calcium were analyzed from saliva. Urinalysis was used for toxicological screening. Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square analysis, Friedman's ANOVA, and Spearman’s correlation tests were performed, with significance p40 mg/dL), as soon as its use ceased, and a return to normal HDL levels three months later (49 mg/dL, >40 mg/dL). We also found higher triglyceride level (177 mg/dL) in this group compared with the reference value (

Aim To evaluate the sialometric and sialochemical changes in morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Materials and methods A total of 74 participants were divided into three groups paired by sex and age: (a) Experimental 1 (E1)-morbid obesity (n = 40)-according to the Fobi-Capella technique, corresponding to the individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 40 kg/m2 prior to bariatric surgery; (b) Experimental 2 (E2)-the same individuals after surgery; and (c) control (C) (n = 34)-individuals with a BMI of nearly 23 kg/m2. The measure of salivary flow was carried out by collecting stimulated saliva. The pH was evaluated using the pocket pH meter, while the salivary buffer capacity (SBC) was determined by the titration method. Analyses of the salivary concentration of total proteins (TPs), amylase activity, urea, calcium (Ca++), and glucose were evaluated using the calorimetric method. Results Group E1, as compared with group C, presented the highest pH levels (p = 0.03), amylase activity (p = 0.00), and calcium (p = 0.00). The opposite was observed for glucose (p = 0.00), TP (p = 0.04), and urea (p = 0.04). Group E2, as compared with group C, revealed higher levels of amylase (p = 0.00) and calcium (p = 0.00). The opposite was observed for SBC (p = 0.01), PT (p = 0.00), and glucose (p = 0.00). Group E1, as compared with group E2, presented higher values of SBC (p = 0.00) and urea (p = 0.00). The lowest values were found for calcium and urea (p = 0.03). Conclusion Both weight gain and bariatric surgery are risk factors for the oral condition, causing change in some important salivary components, such as TP, amylase, calcium, and glucose. Clinical significance This article is a valuable addition to the scientific literature, due to its novelty. There are no papers that show salivary alterations related to bariatric surgeries.

Background To verify the prevalence and profile of users and non-users of anabolic steroid (AS) among resistance training practitioners. Methods An observational, cross-sectional survey was performed in 100 gyms in Curitiba city, involving 5773 individuals and self-administered questionnaires. The chi-square and z-tests of proportions were used for comparison between the groups (p Results 83.2% did not use, 9.1% formerly used, 3.4% currently used, and 4.3% intended used AS. The prevalence of former or current AS users was 16.9 and 6.5% among men and women, respectively. The prevalence ratios were as follows: 1) 2.6 male users for each woman; 2) 3.3 individuals aged 30–44 years and 2.8 individuals aged 18–29 years for each individual aged over 45 years. Beginners were not interested in using AS, but individuals who had trained longer had higher prevalence of AS use. Conclusions The gym environment encouraged the use of AS owing to aesthetic appeal. Thus, suggesting the need for actions to prevent abusive use of AS considering the practitioners profile (practitioners were young, university and single).

The profiles of polytraumatized patients in intensive care units were characterized. Serum and salivary markers were compared with normality between Classes I and II of APACHE II and between periods of hospitalization; these results were correlated. This was a prospective study on saliva charts and collection (n = 70). Profile: male, 27 years old, blunt traumas and collisions. Serum parameters with normality: decrease in pH, creatinine at admission to Class I, and at 48 and 72 hours in both classes; K+ at 48 h in Class II; Ca+ on admission in both classes and at 72 h in Class I. Increase in urea at 72 h in Class II, glucose at all times and in all classes, and Ca+ at 48 h in both classes. Class II had high Na+ at 48 and 72 h compared to Class I. In Class I, creatinine reduction occurred in 48 h and 72 h compared to admission and an increase of Ca+ at 48 h with admission. In Class II, pH and Na+ increased at 48 h and 72 h compared to admission. K+ decreased from admission to 48 h and increased from 48 h to 72 h. Urea increased from 48 to 72 hours. Creatinine decreased from admission to 48 and 72 hours. Ca+ increased from admission to 48 hours and decreased from 48 to 72 hours. There was an increase in the saliva levels in both classes and times in relation to normality. There was an increase in urea at admission, glucose at 72 h, and Ca+ at 48 h in Class II compared with Class I. Class I urea increased from admission to 48 h and Ca+ decreased from admission to 48 h. Class II urea decreased from 48 h to 72 h. Strong or very strong positive correlation was identified between blood and creatinine saliva at all times and regular and negative Ca+ at 72 h. This study provides evidence that salivary and serum biomarkers can be used together to monitor the evolution of the clinical symptoms of ICU patients.

The organization of health systems in Health Care Networks (HCN) presents itself as a strategy to overcome the fragmentation of maternal and child health actions and services and to qualify care management. The objective of this study was to validate the Instrument for Evaluation of Maternal and Child Health Care Networks (IARAMI), adapted from the Evaluation Tool of Health Care Networks. The validation process comprised face and construct validation. The methodology used for face validation included the conceptual and semantic adaptation of the instrument and analysis by a panel of experts, through the modified consensus e-Delphi technique. After face validation, IARAMI was applied in a sample of 99 health managers of municipalities in the state of Paraná. The construct validation was conducted through the internal consistency analysis using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and factorial analysis. The factorial analysis technique was applied to each of the dimensions of the instrument, enabling the analysis of communalities. The results showed that IARAMI presented reliability and validity, proving to be a tool that can help managers and health workers in the planning, management, and evaluation of the degree of integration of the maternal and child care network.A organização dos sistemas de saúde em redes de atenção à saúde (RAS) se apresenta como uma estratégia para superar a fragmentação das ações e serviços de saúde materno-infantil e qualificar a gestão do cuidado. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o Instrumento de Avaliação de Redes de Atenção Materno-infantil (IARAMI), adaptado a partir do Instrumento de Avaliação de Redes de Atenção à Saúde. O processo de validação compreendeu a validação de face e construto. A metodologia utilizada para a validação de face incluiu a adaptação conceitual e semântica do instrumento e a análise por um painel de especialistas, por meio da técnica e-Delphi de consenso modificada. Após sua validação de face, o IARAMI foi aplicado em uma amostra de gestores de 99 municípios do estado do Paraná. A validação de construto foi conduzida por análise de consistência interna por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e de análise fatorial. A técnica de análise fatorial foi aplicada para cada uma das dimensões do instrumento, permitindo a análise de comunalidades. Os resultados evidenciaram que o IARAMI apresentou confiabilidade e validade, demonstrando ser uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar gestores e trabalhadores da saúde no planejamento, na gestão e na avaliação do grau de integração da rede de atenção à saúde materno-infantil.

Objective: To compare the histological responses in corticotomy- and corticision-assisted tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Ninety Wistar rats were divided into three groups: C (control—tooth movement only), CT (tooth movement + corticotomy), and CI (tooth movement + corticision). Surgeries were performed on the vestibular and lingual cortical bone of the maxillary first molar. Tooth movement was carried out with nickel-titanium closed coil springs having a force of 30 g. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 14, and 28 days. To evaluate the number of osteoclasts and amount of root resorption, a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain was used. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for areas of hyalinization, and the organic bone matrix was stained with picrosirius. Results: The CT group showed a greater number of osteoclasts than did the C group on day 3 (P < .05). At the same time point, the CT and CI groups showed a delayed onset of organic bone matrix remodeling and a lower incidence of root resorption than did the C group (P < .05). There were also fewer hyalinization areas in the CI group than in the C group on day 3 (P < .05). Conclusions: Corticotomy effectively increased bone resorption during the early stages of tooth movement, but this increase was not observed for corticision. The surgical procedures did not accelerate organic bone matrix remodeling. Corticotomies and corticisions decreased the risk of root resorption only during the early stages of movement. Corticision reduced the level of hyalinization, while corticotomy did not.

To describe the estimated prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and their common risk factors among the adult population of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, based on results of the EPIdemiology of CURitiba: EvaluAtion of Noncommunicable diseases (EPICUREAN) study.This was a cross-sectional, population-based survey of 1 103 residents of Curitiba, grouped by age (18 - 39 years of age, 40 - 59, and ≥ 60 years), conducted in August 2013 - August 2014. Household interviews, anthropometry, blood pressure measurements, and fasting capillary glycemia were performed during two visits to each participant. The analyses included frequency distribution and prevalence estimates of main outcomes. Prevalence estimates, weighted by age and sex, were presented as absolute numbers and percentages.Prevalence estimates for self-reported depression were 21.2%; hypertension, 31.2%; diabetes, 9.1%; self-reported dyslipidemia, 21.7%; obesity, 21.2%; current smoking, 16.1%; binge drinking, 23.4%; and insufficient physical activity, 35.1%. Prevalences of diabetes and hypertension were higher among individuals with less schooling and the elderly. Binge drinking and leisure-time physical activity were more prevalent in young adults. Men presented higher prevalences of overweight, current smoking, and harmful use of alcohol. Obesity and moderate- to-severe risk of depression were more frequent among women and those with lower income.The prevalence of NCDs and common risk factors among the adult population of Curitiba are high and reveal a gradient of vulnerabilities by age, sex, education level, and income. To address health inequities and meet the needs of different population groups, the health system should monitor NCDs and risk factors and implement equitable public health policies.Describir la prevalencia estimada de las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) y sus factores de riesgo comunes en los habitantes adultos de Curitiba (Paraná, Brasil), con base en los resultados del estudio sobre las características epidemiológicas de Curitiba en el que se evaluaron las ENT (conocido como EPICUREAN por su acrónimo en inglés).Encuesta transversal, basada en la población, de 1 103 habitantes de Curitiba, agrupados por edades (de 18 a 39 años, de 40 a 59 años y de 60 años en adelante), efectuada entre agosto del 2013 y agosto del 2014. Se realizaron entrevistas domiciliarias, antropometría y mediciones de presión arterial y glucemia capilar en ayunas en dos visitas a cada participante. Los análisis incluyeron distribución de frecuencias y cálculos de prevalencia de los principales resultados. Los cálculos de prevalencia, ponderados por edad y sexo, se presentaron como números absolutos y porcentajes.Las cifras de prevalencia de la depresión autonotificada fueron de 21,2%; hipertensión, 31,2%; diabetes, 9,1%; dislipidemia autonotificada, 21,7%; obesidad, 21,2%; consumo actual de tabaco, 16,1%; consumo compulsivo de bebidas alcohólicas, 23,4%; y actividad física insuficiente, 35,1%. La prevalencia de la diabetes y la hipertensión fue mayor en las personas con menor escolaridad y las de edad avanzada. El consumo compulsivo de bebidas alcohólicas y la actividad física en el tiempo libre fueron más prevalentes en los adultos jóvenes. Los hombres presentaron prevalencias más altas de consumo de tabaco, sobrepeso y consumo nocivo de alcohol. La obesidad y el riesgo de moderado a grave de depresión fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres y las personas de menores ingresos.La prevalencia de las ENT y los factores de riesgo comunes entre los habitantes adultos de Curitiba es alta y muestra un gradiente de vulnerabilidad por edad, sexo, nivel educativo e ingresos. Para abordar las inequidades en materia de salud y satisfacer las necesidades de diferentes grupos de población, el sistema de salud debe vigilar las ENT y sus factores de riesgo, y ejecutar políticas de salud pública equitativas.Descrever a prevalência estimada de doenças não transmissíveis e principais fatores de risco associados na população adulta da cidade de Curitiba (PR), Brasil, de acordo com os resultados do estudo EPIdemiology of CURitiba: EvaluAtion of Noncommunicable diseases (EPICUREAN).Foi realizado estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.103 residentes da cidade de Curitiba, por faixas etárias (18–39, 40–59 e ≥60 anos), em agosto de 2013 a agosto 2014. Foram conduzidas entrevistas domiciliares com medidas antropométricas e de pressão arterial e teste da glicemia capilar de jejum em duas visitas a cada participante. Foi analisada a distribuição da frequência e estimada a prevalência dos principais desfechos. As estimativas de prevalência, ponderadas por idade e sexo, foram apresentadas como números absolutos e porcentagens.Foram obtidas as seguintes estimativas de prevalência: 21,2% para depressão autorreferida, 31,2% para hipertensão, 9,1% para diabetes, 21,7% para dislipidemia autorreferida, 21,2% para obesidade, 16,1% para tabagismo atual, 23,4% para uso excessivo de álcool e 35,1% para nível insuficiente de atividade física. A prevalência de diabetes e hipertensão foi maior nos indivíduos com menor escolaridade e idosos. O uso excessivo de álcool e atividade física no lazer foram mais prevalentes em jovens adultos. Os indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentaram prevalência mais elevada de sobrepeso, tabagismo atual e uso prejudicial de álcool. Obesidade e risco moderado a grave de depressão foram mais frequentes no sexo feminino e em indivíduos de baixa renda.Existe alta prevalência de doenças não transmissíveis e dos principais fatores de risco na população adulta de Curitiba, demonstrando um gradiente de vulnerabilidade por idade, sexo, nível de escolaridade e renda. Para abordar as iniquidades em saúde e suprir as necessidades dos diferentes grupos populacionais, o sistema de saúde deve monitorar as doenças não transmissíveis e os fatores de risco e implementar políticas de saúde pública equitativas.

Introduction: Few studies succeeded on demonstrating that dentitions are unique. Methodological limitations may have influenced these outcomes. Objective: The present study aims to validate software packages for comparing human dentitions. Material and methods: A pool of 40 dental casts were laser scanned (XCAD 3D®, XCADCAM Technology®, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and implemented in Geomagic Studio® (GS) (3D Systems®, Rock Hill, USA), Cloud Compare® (CC) (Telecom Paris Tech® and EDF®, Paris, France), and Maestro 3D Ortho Studio® (MS) (AGE Solutions®, Pontedera, Italy) software packages to evaluate metric and superimposition tools. Results: Software performances did not significantly differ (p>0.05) considering cropping, landmarking and superimposition functions. GS was more precise for detecting identical models (p

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a progressive load of physical activity on a musculoskeletal injury in rats. Sixty-four rates were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG), which underwent physical activity (swimming) with a progressive load, and the control group (CG), which was not submitted to this program. The training was carried out according to an adapted version of the Goncalves (1999) swimming system. Injuries were caused to the gastrocnemic muscle by inducing 40% NaOH. On days 2, 7, 14, and 21 after inducing muscle injury, the animals from both EC and CG were sacrificed. The injured area was removed and processed. The neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasmocytes were quantified by hematoxylin and eosin (HE GC=2.48±1.00; p=0.006) and lymphocytes (GE=2.12±0.82; GC=0.06±0.82; p=0.037) after 2 days, and of macrophages (GE=15.74±3.00; GC=6.02±1.95; p=0.007) and lymphocytes (GE=2.01±0.78; GC=0.14±0.09; p=0.044) after 7 days, could be observed in the EG when compared to the CG; however, the opposite was true for neutrophils (GE=48.12±17.04; GC=105.54±12.25; p=0.005). After 14 days, a smaller quantity of neutrophils (GE= 32.70±10.26; GC= 90.96±17.62; p= 0.044) and a larger quantity of plasmocytes (GE=9.06±3.84; GC=0.68±0.53; p=0.028) could be observed in the EG as compared to the CG. A greater area of type III collagen could be observed in the EG when compared to the CG over a 14-day period (GE=44.90±16.15; GC=0.74±0.40; p=0.000) and a 21-day period (GE=13.19±9.09; GC=1.02±0.94; p=0.029), whereas the opposite could be observed for type I collagen. The physical activity promoted an increase in the deposition of type III collagen in the muscle injury. This activity accelerated the repair process after 14 days, possibly moderated by the larger number of inflammatory cells, while after 21 days, the lesion presented a lesser resistance.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223384.].

The aim of this paper was to evaluate a possible correlation between obturation limits and leakage. Thirty-six extracted human mandibular incisors were used, characterized by straight and single canals, non-anatomical complexities, absence of previous endodontic treatment, complete root formation and patent foramen. For standardization of the specimens for the leakage analysis, foraminal instrumentation was performed up to a Flexofile #25 (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). All specimens were instrumented and filled following the same protocol, and the obturation limits were measured using Axiovision 4.5 Software (Carl Zeiss Vision, Hallbergmoos, Germany). The specimens were then separated into three groups (n = 12) according to the following variables: Group I - obturation limits ranging from 0 mm to 0.76 mm of the main apical foramen. Group II - obturation limits ranging from 0.77 mm to 0.98 mm of the main apical foramen. Group III - obturation limits ranging from 0.99 mm to 1.68 mm of the main apical foramen. Apical leakage was quantified by fluid filtration. The analyses were confronted using Pearson's test (p > 0.05). Groups I, II and III showed Pearson correlation values (r2) of -0.152, -0.186 and 0.058, respectively. No correlation was found between the obturation limits and apical leakage

Introdução e objetivo: Por meio de radiografias panorâmica e periapical teve-se o propósito de quantificar e comparar o nível da perda óssea alveolar de cinco pacientes que apresentavam periodontite. Material e métodos: Foram realizadas as medidas da junção esmalte-cemento (JEC) até a crista óssea alveolar (COA) nas superfícies mesial e distal dos incisivos superiores e inferiores, primeiros pré-molares inferiores e primeiros molares inferiores. Submeteram-se os dados à análise estatística Anova e ao teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Quando comparados os valores da média da perda óssea alveolar entre a radiografia panorâmica e a periapical, verificou-se que a panorâmica se apresentava 0,93 mm maior que a média dos valores da radiografia periapical, uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,01). A distorção ocorreu no grupo dos dentes molares. Os incisivos inferiores e superiores tiveram as menores distorções. Não houve diferença estatística expressiva entre as medidas efetuadas nas superfícies mesial e distal. Conclusão: O exame periapical pode ser considerado o melhor método radiográfico para avaliar o nível da perda óssea alveolar e, por conseguinte, ajudar no diagnóstico da doença periodontal. Contudo a radiografia panorâmica ainda é um método válido para analisar o nível de perda óssea causada pela doença periodontal, desde que o cirurgião-dentista esteja familiarizado com as limitações e características dessa técnica. Caso ele tenha dúvida, deve complementar o exame com radiografias periapicais.

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade do laser de baixa intensidade (LLLT) no controle da dor pos-operatoria em cirurgia de terceiros molares inferiores inclusos, comparando-o com o lado oposto, que nao foi exposto ao LLLT, no mesmo individuo. Metodologia: participaram do estudo 16 individuos, que apresentaram os dentes 38 e 48 inclusos, em posicao similar, e que realizaram a remocao dos dentes no mesmo tempo cirurgico. O laser foi aplicado imediatamente apos a remocao do 48 (lado direito - LD), intra-alveolo, de forma pontual e sobre a regiao da sutura, em varredura. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado no 38 (lado esquerdo - LE), com o aparelho desligado garantindo o desconhecimento do paciente sobre qual lado recebeu o laser. Todos foram medicados e orientados quanto aos cuidados pos-operatorios e receberam as escalas visuais analogas (VAS) que variavam de 0-10 cm, anotando a ausencia ou presenca da dor durante 5 dias do lado direito e esquerdo. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos ao teste de Wilcoxon (p < 0,05) comparando-se as medias da VAS de 1 a 5 dias. Resultados: no 3° dia LD e LE, houve diferenca estatistica significante (p = 0,0284) e do LD a dor foi menor. No 1° e 5° dia houve reducao da dor em ambos os lados (LD:p=0,007; LE:p=0,001). Conclusao: dentro dos limites do presente estudo o laser de baixa intensidade mostrou efetividade no controle da dor pos-operatoria. Palavras-chave: Lasers; Odontalgia; Cirurgia Bucal.

Introdução: A candidose bucal (CB) é uma infecção fúngica oportunista, prevalente principalmente em pacientes imunossuprimidos. Objetivo:Investigar a prevalência de CB nos pacientes internados em dois hospitais universitários da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, em Curitiba (PR), relacionando-a com fatores predisponentes locais e sistêmicos. Material e métodos: Um total de 160 pacientes foi avaliado entre os meses de julho e outubro de 2006. Além da análise do prontuário, cada paciente foi interrogado e avaliado de modo clínico intraoral e extraoralmente, buscando o reconhecimento de lesões compatíveis com candidose. Resultados: Os resultados foram analisados pelos testes do qui-quadrado (x2) e da diferença entre duas proporções, com nível de significância de 5%. A prevalência de candidose foi de 30% (n = 48). Em relação aos fatores de risco locais, a prevalência foi dependente estatisticamente do uso de prótese total ou parcial removível superior, do tempo de uso da mesma prótese, da utilização da prótese no período de internação, da condição de higiene, da frequência de higienização e do uso contínuo da prótese (p < 0,05). Entre os fatores sistêmicos analisados, a prevalência da doença manifestou relação significante com a idade do paciente e o uso de sonda nasogástrica (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que fatores de risco locais apresentam forte associação com CB em pacientes hospitalizados, enfatizando a importância quanto aos cuidados de higiene bucal e com a prótese desses pacientes, principalmente de usuários de sonda nasogástrica.

Objective To evaluate the impact of xerostomia on the quality of life (QOL) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Study design The sample was comprised of 51 adolescents with DM1. Diabetic status was determined by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbG) and capillary glucose (CG) tests. Poor metabolic control was defined as HbG >8.0% and CG 130 mg/dL. Measurement of salivary flow was performed by means of stimulated saliva collection. Xerostomia was detected by asking a question about the sensation of having “dry mouth,” and OHIP-14 was used to measure the impact of xerostomia on QOL. Results A total of 52.9% of subjects presented with xerostomia and 40.8% with hyposalivation. Significant differences between the subjects with and without xerostomia regarding metabolic control levels were not observed ( P > .05). However, OHIP-14 scores were significantly different between the subjects with and without xerostomia ( P Conclusions Xerostomia is frequent and has a negative impact on QOL of adolescents with DM1.

The aim of this study was to detect and quantify the main residual monomers released from composites, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Discs were made with dental composites (Herculite XRV, Tetric Ceram and Filtek Z250) and immersed in deionized water at 37ºC for 28 days, with water changes in 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The mean concentration of residual monomers were subject to the Kruskal-Wallis test (pA liberação de monômeros residuais pode afetar o comportamento clínico e a biocompatibilidade dos materiais resinosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar e quantificar os principais monômeros residuais liberados de resinas compostas, usando cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC). Discos foram construídos de resinas compostas de uso odontológico (Herculite XRV, Tetric Ceram and Filtek Z250) e imersos em água deionizada a 37ºC durante 28 dias, com mudanças de água em 24 horas, 7, 14 e 21 dias. As concentrações médias dos monômeros residuais foram submetidas ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p

The current assumption that Candida albicans is a facultatively anaerobic organism has been widely accepted since its recovery from anoxic sites became common. However, the link between anaerobiosis and virulence remains uncertain. This study investigated the differential cell-surface hydrophobicity (CSH) using a hydrocarbon/water partition technique and analysed the differential secretion rates of secretory aspartyl proteases (Saps), esterase, chondroitinase and haemolysins of C. albicans strains recovered from periodontal pockets and non-periodontium-related intra-oral sites. For the enzymic tests, all strains from both sets were grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and the harvested cells were inoculated onto suitable normal or pre-reduced culture media in the presence or absence of molecular oxygen, respectively. The results showed that no variations were perceptible for CSH and chondroitinase (P >0.05). The secretion rates of esterase and haemolysins strongly decreased in an anoxic environment (P

Objective: To evaluate the effect of manufactured cigarettes on the nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA), and nuclear/ cytoplasmic ratio (NA/CA) in oral ...

O tabagismo é reconhecido como um dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer bucal. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito do uso de cigarro industrializado sobre as áreas nucleares (AN), citoplasmáticas (AC) e na relação núcleo/citoplasma (AN/AC) de células epiteliais da mucosa bucal de adultos jovens. Esfregaços da mucosa jugal saudável foram obtidos pela técnica da citologia esfoliativa em meio líquido, de 58 indivíduos (28 indivíduos fumantes e 30 não-fumantes). As lâminas foram processadas em laboratório, coradas pela técnica do Papanicolaou e analisadas utilizando um sistema analisador de imagens, seguindo a metodologia preconizada por Ogden et al. (1990). Duas mil e novecentas células epiteliais foram avaliadas. A média da AN para os grupos experimental e controle foram, respectivamente, 1530,6µm2 e 1498,6µm2. A variável AC apresentou as seguintes médias: 63780,3µm2 (experimental) e 62929,9µm2 (controle). A relação AN/AC para o grupo experimental foi de 0,023, enquanto que para o grupocontrole foi de 0,024. O teste t de Student demonstrou não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa para as variáveis estudadas (p

Background: Benzodiazepines (BZDs), the most commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs with anxiolytic action, may cause hyposalivation. It has been previously shown that BZDs can cause hypertrophy and decrease the acini cell number. In this study, we investigated the effects of BZDs and pilocarpine on rat parotid glands, specifically on acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. Methods: Ninety male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups. Control groups received a saline solution for 30 days (C30) and 60 days (C60), and pilocarpine (PILO) for 60 days. Experimental groups received lorazepam (L30) and midazolam (M30) for 30 days. Another group (LS60 or MS60) received lorazepam or midazolam for 30 days, respectively, and saline for additional 30 days. Finally, other groups (LP60 or MP60) received either lorazepam or midazolam for 30 days, respectively, and pilocarpine for additional 30 days. The expression of calponin in myoepithelial cells and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in acinar and ductal cells were evaluated. Results: Animals treated with lorazepam showed an increase in the number of positive staining cells for calponin as compared to control animals (p < 0.05). Midazolam administered with pilocarpine (MP60) induced an increase in the proliferation of acinar and ductal cells and a decrease in the positive staining cells for calponin as compared to midazolam administered with saline (MS60). Conclusion: We found that myoepithelial cells might be more sensitive to the effects of BZD than acinar and ductal cells in rat parotid glands.