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Background: The article aims to assess the possibilities of innovative research methods in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion analysis (EDS) forensic medicine. The described methods were used in experimental studies of a gunshot retrograde injury. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the particles formed during the destruction of a semi-shell shell and an obstacle (triplex car glass) when fired from a hunting Saiga carbine with 5.4539 cartridges. Material and methods: Triplex windshields from BMW and Mercedes-Benz cars were used as barriers. The shots were fired from a hunting Saiga carbine with a 5.4539 cartridge from a distance of 10 m. As targets, white calico with dimensions of 100150 cm was used, while stretched on a wooden frame or fixed on a chipboard. The distance between the target and the barrier was 100 cm, which approximately corresponded to the distance from the car windshield to the driver and the passenger in the front seat. The studies were conducted using the SEM Hitachi FlexSem1000 II and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer Bruker Quantax 80. Results: Microscopy helped identify seven types of foreign bodies on the surface of the target, which were the products of destruction of the fire projectile and the barrier: glass fragments, glass fragments, crumbly depositions of glass particles, glass fragments caked with the projectile metal, fragments of the projectile, spherical metal particles, and overlays of molten metal in the form of puddles. EDS helped determine the elemental composition of the barrier particles, fire shell, and the overlap of target particles. Conclusion. The experimental study demonstrated that the use of SEM and EDS significantly increased the effectiveness and evidence-based expert research value while solving the problems of causing damage through the barrier-the windscreen of modern cars.

The present article provides an overview of the main methods of three-dimensional modelling currently used in various fields of science and practice, including forensic medicine. The possibilities of used methods are described.The authors introduce the concept of BIM-technology, which allows various methods working in 3D to be applied comprehensively: from photogrammetry and computed tomography to line-of-sight and CAD modelling. The article presents a case involving practical application of BIM-technology within the practical work of a forensic expert. The possibilities of supplementing and expanding the model over time within a single information field (4D modelling) are shown.Using the example of a specific examination, it is shown for which studies the created BIM-model can be employed, as well as what issues can be solved with its help. To that end, CT data was studied with the subsequent reconstruction of the 3D model of the damaged skull; blood traces were analysed with the subsequent 3D modelling of circumstances at the scene. The following methods were used for the reconstruction: photogrammetry, the finite element method and line-of-sight modelling of gunshot trajectories.Applied within a situational forensic medical examination, BIM-technologies successfully provided answers to the investigator’s questions: mechanism underlying the formation of blood traces; location of the bleeding source; trajectories of projectiles and their elements; circumstances of the occurrence; position of the shooter; prediction of glass breakage caused by a bullet.Conclusion. New computer technologies (BIM-technology and 4D modelling) constitute the next step in the development of three-dimensional modelling. Their introduction into the practice of experts will help create a single information field for all objects under study, as well as consider all possible investigative leads as objectively as possible

Objectives. Investigation of the injuries on biological simulators and topography of the gunshot residue after shots from the traumatic weapon MR-341 «Howdah» (a sawn-off shotgun of the smooth barrel gun IZH-43КN) using cartridges of 12/35 caliber at different distances (contact shot, 5 cm, 10 cm, then with increments of 10 cm to 100 cm inclusive, 125 cm, 150 cm and 175 cm).Material and methods. Blocks of biological simulator (fragments of the chests of pigs) were used as the targets. After shots the targets were examined visually, in visible infrared rays, under the stereomicroscope and metrically.Results. Morphology of the injuries and topography of the residue deposition has features that allow to consider the range and distance of the shot. Action of the flame and powder gases is manifested at the distance up to 5 cm inclusive; the zone of predominant deposition of the soot has an external border corresponding to the distance of the shot up to 20 cm; the zone of predominant action of the gunpowder has an additional morphology in the form of deposition of multiple rubber particles and continues at the distance of up to 80 cm from the muzzle end of the weapon. Additional features that allow to specify the zone of close range and the distance of the shot are established: after the shots from the distance of 10 cm traces of wad of semicircular and circular shape and gray color were revealed separate from the main gunshot injury; rubber particles were revealed on the target surface after the shots from the distance of up to 80 cm. The results of the study can be used in medico-legal practice to address the issues of the fact and distance of the shot from the traumatic weapon MR-341 “Howdah”.

Objective is to make the review of the banking industry development to identify theoretical and practical areas of transformations under the concept Bank 3.0.Results. Theoretical and practical shifts occured in modern banking sector in the conditions of Bank 3.0 concept implementation are identified. Background of the modern transformation in the banking industry on a global scale is identified, the role and extent of structural changes in the banking sector is assessed and features of the modern business models of banks are identified.Originality. Theoretical framework of banking transformations as financial intermediaries is developed. Distinguished features of the bank business–model in the future including high technology, giditalization of commercial activity, transformation of banking infrastructure, banking sector integration with social networks, instant messengers and Internet platforms, are justified.Practical relevance. Identified features of the bank business–model can be used in the activities of banking developing the strategy and tactics to distribute banking services.

3D printing is used in such industries as architecture, construction, education, medicine, but at the moment the possibility of its use in forensic medicine is limited only by textbooks. The practical use of 3D printing is to use it in the reconstruction of missing fragments of the skull bones in head injuries, after taking parts of the skeleton for additional laboratory research methods.

У статті проведено аналіз репрезентативності окремих компонент оцінювання якості банківських послуг на основі існуючих емпіричних досліджень з визначення їх впливу на задоволення споживачів та ступеня пріоритетності для клієнтів банку. Запропоновано нову інтерпретацію підходу SERVQUAL з урахуванням важливості компонент та застосуванням методу семантичного диференціалу для оцінювання критеріїв споживачами банківських послуг. The article contains the results of analysis of the representativeness of different dimensions of the SERVQUAL approach to banking services quality evaluation. Summarized ranking of the importance of the components can be represented as follows: responsiveness was identified as the most important component; reliability was defined on the second place; assurance, tangibility and empathy were determined as less important among the banking services quality assessment dimensions. Taking into account above mentioned findings a new interpretation of the SERVQUAL approach was proposed. Key features of the designed approach are: restructuration of the quantity of criteria between the dimensions according to the consideration of the importance of the components; exclusion of the least important positions from the criteria and adding the actual ones; application of the semantic differential method for assessing the criteria by consumers of banking services.

We assumed that the different exposure times of the cotton target in the water would not change the morphology and location of the shot products. To confirm our assumption, a series of experiments was carried out, which consisted in exposure of cotton targets in distilled water at different time intervals, followed by their extraction and study. The study showed that the morphology and location of the shot products on a dry target after soaking in water with a duration of up to one day does not change.

А study of the morphology of contour bruises during practical observations which were formed from the action of elastic projectiles in case of shots from traumatic weapon has been carried out. It is established that the morphological signs of contour bruises are stipulated by the special features of the mechanics of destructing tissues. The metric data of the morphological special features of contour bruises and an elastic projectile coincide with the dimensional relationship in the model of the said interaction – the action of a dull an obtuse indentor on the elastic plastic half-space.

The mechanism of the formation of a gunshot fracture in a flat bone from the action of a hemispherical bullet has been studied. The process of the formation of cracks was considered on the example of two problems - the problem of Hertz and Hill – Johnson’s model. It has been established that a tense condition and the deformity of the material, causing the development of a hydrostatic core before osseous tissue crushing, underlie the formation of a fracture.

It has been established that the morphological signs in firearm fractures of the flat bones coincide according to its topography and the degree of a marked character with separate elements of the fields of power voltages in the mathematical model.

Problems of completing of machine-tractor unit are considered. Its optimal operation mode in specific working conditions is determined with the use of a portable measurement system.

Electron beam treatment is used for food processing for decades to prevent or minimize food losses and prolong storage time. This process is also named cold pasteurization. Mixed feed ingredients supplied in Russia regularly occur to be contaminated. To reduce contamination level the contaminated mixed feed ingredients samples were treated by electron beam with doses from 2 to 12 kGy. The contamination levels were decreased to the level that ensuring storage time up to 1 year.

A comparative study of the potentials of enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and lanthanide immunofluorescent assay (LIFA) for influenza virus detection in nasopharyngeal aspirates and nasopharyngeal washings was carried out. Monospecific and polyclonal antisera to hemagglutinin polyclonal antisera to matrix protein as well as polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to nucleoprotein were used. The nasopharyngeal aspirates were shown to contain virus-specific antigens in the amounts sufficient for influenza virus detection with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. There was a good correlation between chromophore results by EIA and fluorescence level in LIFA. The sensitivity of the test systems used (EIA and LIFA) was shown to be insufficient for the detection of virus-specific material in the nasopharyngeal washings. Besides, there was no correlation between the results obtained by different test systems. It was concluded that nasopharyngeal aspirates should be collected for rapid influenza diagnosis by EIA and LIFA.

An enzyme-immunoassay system for the detection of specific antibody to herpes simplex virus was developed in which the antigen layered on the solid phase consisted of a crude extract of infected cells, and the detecting agent was a conjugate of protein A with horseradish peroxidase. This assay system was used for serological examination of 22 serum specimens from patients suffering from either meningoencephalitis or recurrent herpes of the skin and mucous membranes of the genitalia, as well as 6 specimens of the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with meningoencephalitis. The enzymeimmunoassay was found to be more sensitive than CFT. The advantages of using protein A/peroxidase conjugate for rapid estimation of the total amount of specific antibodies at any stage of herpes infection are discussed.

A test system has been proposed for the detection of influenza A virus NP protein by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in a modified system of "double" antibodies: the primary antibodies were F(ab)2-fragments of immunoglobulin class G isolated from rabbit antiserum specific for NP protein which was also used as the source of secondary antibodies. The antigen-bound antibodies were detected by protein A (from St. aureus) conjugate with horseradish peroxidase. The high specificity and sensitivity of the test system (0.3 ng/ml NP protein) and a minimal level of nonspecific reactions were demonstrated. The advantages of this method are discussed.