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Although healthcare is always changing, the inpatient rehabilitation facility has indispensable and enduring roles in patient care, medical education, and research. For patients with complex medical and functional limitations, inpatient rehabilitation facility-level care fosters recovery and community reintegration and plays a strategic role in optimizing healthcare transitions from acute and to postacute settings. It is an incomparable and distinct zone for interprofessional education: the healthcare system is dependent on the inpatient rehabilitation facility as the epicenter for instruction to healthcare professionals on how to care for patients with complex rehabilitation needs. As healthcare evolves, patients' increasing medical complexity requires ongoing research focused on patients' evolving healthcare needs. The inpatient rehabilitation facility alone offers the requisite infrastructure to support such discovery. In this Association of Academic Physiatrists Position Paper, we provide a fresh perspective on the value proposition of the inpatient rehabilitation facility and advocate for this unique clinical environment as a critical component of contemporary healthcare.

This article is meant as an update on the previous articles published about the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM). It reflects the current organizational structure and describes its core activities. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the society are analyzed to define a strategic plan for the future of ISPRM. Key activities like ISPRM World Congresses, the foundation of the Journal of ISPRM and the creation of a certification project are described. The article reports also about the external relationship of ISPRM with different organizations and in particular with the World Health Organization and with the United Nations.

Previous studies demonstrated that the He ion irradiation damage tolerance of nanostructured metallic multilayers (NMMs) was closely dependent on the layer thickness (h): smaller h led to lower irradiation hardening. Here in Mo/Zr NMMs, we uncovered that the h-dependent irradiation hardening and corresponding plastic deformation characteristics are also sensitive to the He+ irradiation fluences. At a low irradiation fluence of 1.0 × 1016 He+·cm−2, the irradiation hardening decreased monotonically with reducing h. While at a high irradiation fluence of 1.0 × 1017 He+·cm−2, a non-monotonic h-dependence was unexpectedly displayed with the minimum irradiation hardening at h of ∼25 nm. The irradiation fluence also affects the strain rate sensitivity (m) remarkably. Irradiation of 1.0 × 1016 He+·cm−2 induced a transition in SRS m from positive in the as-deposited Mo/Zr NMMs to negative SRS in their irradiated counterparts. This transition was rationalized in terms of dynamic strain aging that considered dislocation-bubble interactions. Irradiation of 1.0 × 1017 He+·cm−2, however, resulted in a non-monotonic h-dependence of m, with the bottom located at a turning point of h ∼50 nm. Coupling effect of the layer thickness and the applied fluence on irradiation hardening and plastic deformation characteristics was quantitatively elucidated by employing a strengthening model and a thermally activated model, respectively, where parameters of the characteristic microstructural features, i.e., the layer thickness and irradiation (He) defects, were both included.

Electrochemical deposition has been widely used for synthesis of metal nanowires (NWs) on the porous template. In this paper, the effect of potential and electrolyte concentration on cobalt (Co) NWs formation through porous anodic alumina template has been investigated using direct-current electrodepostion at 0.75~2 V together with the high 0.5 M and low 0.1 M cobalt sulfurate based electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction were used to examine the nanostructure, morphology and phase of Co NWs. The current vs time curve was recorded for understanding the growth behavior. Too low potential of 0.75 V is not favored for Co NWs formation due to insufficient driving force while too high potential of 2 V ruins the NWs growth owing to hydrogen generation in reduction reaction. The uniform crystalline Co NWs can be obtained by the proper potential of 1V and concentration of 0.5 M at an average growth rate of 964 nm/min.

Hyphoderma moniliforme and H. nemorale, saprobically growing on wood, are recorded as new for mycobiota of China. Both species were collected in mountains at the altitudes of 1850‒3000 m, from Yunnan Province (southwestern China). Hyphoderma moniliforme is also a new record for Eurasia, and previously known only from South Africa. The collections of H. nemorale in this study represent the most eastern and the most southern localities for this species known for Eurasia. Both species bear moniliform cystidia. Bayesian inference of phylogeny based on ITS and partial 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences indicated that H. moniliforme is united in one clade with H. litschaueri from North America. 28S-based phylogram demonstrated that Chinese H. nemorale belong to the same clade with the holotype of this species collected from Europe. Morphology descriptions and illustrations for these two species are provided.

This study investigates the electromigration (EM) effect under a high current density (104 A/cm2) on the different interfacial compound phases at Sn(Cu) solder/electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) interfaces. The interfacial Ni3Sn4 phase at the Sn-0.7 wt.%Cu/ENIG joint interface was quickly depleted after a short period (50 h) of current stressing. The inference drawn is that the Ni atoms in the Ni3Sn4 phase at the joint interface are likely forced out under current stressing; however, the ternary (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 compound effectively reduces the EM-driven Ni flux into the Sn bump; thus, a significantly lower Ni(P) consumption was observed at the Sn-1 wt.%Cu/ENIG interface. The EM-induced Ni(P) dissolution rates in the Sn-0.2 wt.%Cu/ENIG and Sn-1 wt.%Cu/ENIG cases were calculated to be 0.028 μm/h and 0.018 μm/h, respectively. In addition, significant EM-assisted Ni3P formation was observed for the current-stressed Sn-0.2 wt.%Cu/ENIG and Sn-0.7 wt.%Cu/ENIG cases; however, for the Sn-1 wt.%Cu/ENIG case, formation of a Ni3P layer was scarcely observed. Moreover, the initial (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 that formed at the interface appeared compact with a layer-type structure, which reduced the EM-driven Ni diffusion.

A gas monitoring system based on broadband absorption spectroscopic techniques in the ultraviolet region is described and tested. The system was employed in real-time continuous concentration measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitric oxide (NO) from a 220-ton h−1 circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler in Shandong province, China. The emission coefficients (per kg of coal and per kWh of electricity) and the total emission of the two pollutant gases were evaluated. The measurement results showed that the emission concentrations of SO2 and NO from the CFB boiler fluctuated in the range of 750–1300 mg m−3 and 100–220 mg m−3, respectively. Compared with the specified emission standards of air pollutants from thermal power plants in China, the values were generally higher for SO2 and lower for NO. The relatively high emission concentrations of SO2 were found to mainly depend on the sulfur content of the fuel and the poor desulfurization efficiency. This study indicates that the broadband UV spectroscopy system is suitable for industrial emission monitoring and pollution control.

To achieve fast nano-positioning control in a large traveling distance with a single motion stage and without a waiting time, this paper presents a micro-dynamic model together with a simple switching rule and two controllers, one for macro-dynamics and the other for micro-dynamics, such that the moving stage can smoothly travel from macro-dynamic range into micro-dynamic range. First, a micro-dynamic model is proposed to capture the complicated hysteresis behavior of the nonlinear micro-dynamics. Next, two controllers of simple structures are designed for the micro-dynamic traveling range and the macro-dynamic traveling range, respectively, based on the previous model. Finally, a simple switching law is proposed to complete a design. Experiments show that the resultant control system has a fast response speed without a sluggish response in the conjunction of the macro-dynamic range and the micro-dynamic range. Furthermore, it can sustain large disturbances while holding the motion stage at the set point.

This paper suggests ranking alternatives under fuzzy MCDM (multiple criteria decision making) via an centroid based ranking approach, where criteria are classified to benefit qualitative, benefit quantitative and cost quantitative ones. The ratings of alternatives versus qualitative criteria and the importance weights of all criteria are assessed in linguistic values represented by fuzzy numbers. The membership function for the final fuzzy evaluation value of each alternative can be developed through α-cuts and interval arithmetic of fuzzy numbers. The distance between the original point and the relative centroid is applied to defuzzify the final fuzzy evaluation values in order to rank alternatives. Finally a numerical example demonstrates the computation procedure of the proposed model., {"references":["","S. Abbasbandy and T. Hajjari, \"A new approach for ranking of\ntrapezoidal fuzzy numbers,\"Computers and Mathematics with\nApplications,vol.57,pp.413-419, 2009.","L. Afkham, F. Abdi, and A. Rashidi, \"Evaluation of service quality by\nusing fuzzy MCDM: A case study in Iranian health-care\ncenters,\"Management Science Letters. vol.2, no.1,pp.291-300, 2012.","B. Asady, \"The revised method of ranking LR fuzzy number based on\ndeviation degree,\"Expert Systems with Applications, vol.37,\npp.5056-5060, 2010.","G. Büyüközkan, O. Feyzioglu, and G. Çifçi, \"Fuzzy multi-criteria\nevaluation of knowledge management tools,\" International Journal of\nComputational Intelligence Systems,vol.4, no.2, pp.184-195, 2011.","C. Carlssonand R. Fullér, \"Fuzzy multiple criteria decision making:\nRecent developments,\"Fuzzy Sets and System, vol.78, no.2,pp.139-153,\n1996.","S.J. Chen and C.L. Hwang,Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision\nMaking.Berlin: Springer, 1992.","C.C.Chou, \"A fuzzy MCDM method for solving marine transshipment\ncontainer port selection problems,\" Applied Mathematics and\nComputation, vol.186, no.1, pp.435-444, 2007.","T.C. Chu and Y. Lin, \"An Extension to Fuzzy MCDM,\" Computers and\nMathematics with Applications, vol.57, no.3, pp.445-454, 2009.","G. Çifçi, and G. Büyüközkan, \"A fuzzy MCDM approach to evaluate\ngreen suppliers,\"International Journal of Computational Intelligence\nSystems, vol.4, no.5, pp.894-909, 2011.\n[10] D. Dubois and H. Prade, \"Operations on fuzzy numbers,\"International\nJournal of Systems Science, vol.9, no.6, pp.613-626, 1978.\n[11] R. Ezzati,T.Allahviranloo, S. Khezerloo, and M. Khezerloo, \"An\napproach for ranking of fuzzy number,\"Expert Systems with Applications,\nvol.39, no.1, pp.690-695, 2012.\n[12] Z. Hu,Z. Chen, Z. Pei, X. Ma, and W. Liu, \"An improved ranking\nstrategy for fuzzy multiple attribute group decision making,\"\nInternational Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol.6, no.1,\npp.38-46, 2013.\n[13] E. Jafarian and M.A. Rezvani, \"A valuation-based method for ranking\nthe intuitionistic fuzzy numbers,\" Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems,\nvol.24, pp.133-144, 2013.\n[14] A. Kaufmann and M.M. Gupta, Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic:\nTheory and Application. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.\n[15] H.M. Nehi, \"A new ranking method for intuitionistic fuzzy\nnumbers,\"International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol.12, no.1, pp.80-86,\n2010.\n[16] S. Önüt, S.S. Kara,and E. Işik, \"Long term supplier selection using a\ncombined fuzzy MCDM approach: A case study for a\ntelecommunication company,\" Expert Systems with Applications, vol.36\npp.3887-3895, 2009.\n[17] Y.L.P. Thorani, P. PhaniBushanRao, and N. Ravi Shankar, \"Ordering\ngeneralized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers,\"International Journal of\nContemporary Mathematical Science, vol.7, no.12, pp.555–573, 2012.\n[18] X. Wang and E.E. Kerre, \"Reasonable properties for the ordering of\nfuzzy quantities (I)& (II),\"Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol.118, no.3,\npp.375-385 and pp.387-405, 2001.\n[19] Y.J. Wang and H.S. Lee, \"The revised method of ranking fuzzy numbers\nwith an area between the centroid and original points,\"Computers &\nMathematics with Applications,vol.55, no.9,pp.2033-2042, 2008.\n[20] Y.M. Wang, J.B. Yang, and D.L. Xu, \"On the centroids of fuzzy\nnumbers,\" Fuzzy Sets and Systems,vol.157,pp.919-926, 2006.\n[21] H.Y. Wu, G.H. Tzeng, and Y.H. Chen, \"A fuzzy MCDM approach for\nevaluating banking performance based on balanced scorecard,\"Expert\nSystems with Applicationsvol.36,no.6, pp.10135-10147, 2009.\n[22] L.A. Zadeh, \"The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to\napproximate reasoning, part 1,2 and 3,\" Information Science, vol.8, no.3,\npp.199-249, pp.301-357, 1975.\n[23] L.A. Zadeh, \"Fuzzy sets,\"Information and Control, vol.8, no.3,\npp.338-35, 1965."]}

This study has investigated the micellar properties of the d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate esters 400 (TPGS 400) and 1000 (TPGS 1000) in terms of critical micellar concentration (CMC), apparent aggregation number (N(agg)), microviscosity and micropolarity using steady state fluorescence techniques and fluorescent probes. In addition it has compared these properties against those of a Triton-type surfactant such as Triton X-100. The CMC values for TPGS 400, TPGS 1000 and Triton X-100 were 1.51 mM, 0.02 mM and 0.19 mM, respectively. The N(agg) values for TPGS 1000 and Triton X-100 were, respectively, 10 and 63. Due to the cloudiness of its aqueous solutions, no attempt was made to evaluate the microviscosity and to obtain the N(agg) for TPGS 400. Microviscosity at the probe site for all three surfactants was high and rather similar in spite of differences among their CMC values. The ability of TPGS 400 and TPGS 1000 to provide an environment for the fluorescence quenching of micelle-solubilized pyrene appears to be associated with their hydrophobic aromatic domains. To our knowledge the present study is the first attempt at systematically studying the micellar properties of the two most widely used TPGS compounds and of comparing these properties against each other and against those of an established nonionic surfactant.

The structure of high-internal-phase-ratio emulsions was treated, theoretically and mathematically, in a paper presented at the National Colloid Symposium in 1966 (1). At that time, certain postulates were proposed to explain the rheological properties of these emulsions on the basis of the geometry of the particle packing. Certain predictions were made concerning behavior in the 94-96% internal phase region, These predictions have since been confirmed by independent investigators (2). Attempts were made at several laboratories to obtain photographs of the emulsion structure using conventional light microscopy and phase-contrast microscopy. None of these attempts were particularly successful, since the structure was distorted by the slide making process. Since then, it has become possible to "freeze" the structure of these emulsions by polymerizing one of the phases and taking scanning electron photomicrographs. In the first series of studies made using this technique (3), a high-internal-phase-ratio emulsion of water in resin was made and the resin external phase was polymerized. The block of polymer was then broken and SEM pictures made of the internal structure. In this series of studies, we are using a polymerizable internal phase, vinyl chloride, and making oil in water emulsions. The effects of phase ratio, catalyst ratio, and preparation method were studied. In addition to the SEM photographs, the molecular weight distribution of the polymers was determined by gel permeation chromatography and intrinsic viscosity measurements.

Summary Pathways of glucose utilization in epididymal and testicular sperm cells were investigated, using C 14 -labeled glucose as a tracer. An equal contribution to CO 2 from the two substrates in epididymal spermatozoa, and a preferential recovery of CO 2 from glucose-1-C 14 , as compared with glucose-6-C 14 in testicular sperm cells, were observed. Results suggest that in epididymal spermatozoa the basic mechanism of glucose utilization is that of the Embden-Meyerhof scheme; whereas, in the testicular sperm cells, glucose may be metabolized via alternative pathways.

The purpose of this study was to determine the antiviral effect of human leukocyte interferon on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA) induction in B95–8 and Raji cells. Interferon made at the Institute of Virology, Beijing, and that provided by Dr. Cantell gave unexpected results. Both interferon preparations markedly enhanced spontaneous VCA and EA induction in B95–8 cells and EA induction in Raji cells simultaneously treated with croton oil and n-butyrate. Interferon treatment alone had no effect on EA induction in Raji cells. Thus, the effect of interferon on EA and VCA induction was related to the type of EBV infection, i.e., productive or latent. The enhancing activity of interferon could only be partially inhibited by retinoid 7901. It is suggested that the mechanism for enhancement of EA induction by interferon is different from that of EA induction in Raji cells by croton oil and «-butyrate.