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Hortaea werneckii causes Tinea nigra, a rare superficial mycosis. It has not been reported in Iran yet. We report a case of an Iranian boy resident of Amol (Mazandaran, Iran) that developed brown macules on his left palm. Direct microscopic examination and culture confirmed the diagnosis of Tinea nigra.

A 38-year-old healthy male presented to our medical mycology center with whitish opaque discoloration of the right toenail. He reported a history of some sand scratches subsequent to walking barefoot on the beach two years ago and wearing hard safety shoes for a period of two years. On clinical examination, onycholysis, onychodystrophy, and apparent thickening of the ungual bed in the left big toe were found. The microscopic examination of nail clippings using 15% potassium hydroxide (KOH/) revealed the presence of septate pigmented hyphae. The fungus was identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum based on the cultural characteristics, the arrangement of arthroconidia on lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) staining, blocky-brown pigmented hyphae on serum physiology mounts, and sequencing. Susceptibility of the isolated fungi to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, and terbinafine was tested using the standard broth microdilution M38-A2 method developed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the four antifungal drugs used in this study were: amphotericin B: 1 mg/L, itraconazole: 2 mg/L, voriconazole: 0.25 mg/L, and terbinafine: 1 mg/L. The patient underwent terbinafine and clobetasol topical treatments for 6 months.

Evaluating the in vitro antifungal activity of Phlomis lanceolata, Rhynchocorys elephas, Otostegia persica and Eremurus persicus, four species used in Iranian Traditional Medicine, has been performed on the clinical isolates of the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. verrucosum, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum and the yeast Candida albicans. The susceptibility tests were done by agar disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of active extracts and sub-fractions were measured using the method of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Among the investigated species, P. lanceolata sub-fractions were found to have fungicidal activity. The MIC and MFC was found to be considerable in petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions (100 and 200 mg/mL) against the studied fungi and the yeast Candida albicans. The species appears to be a promising remedy for fungal based diseases, yet further studies are necessary.

In this paper the Initial lifetime of the lubricating oil in 70 Diesel engines model E6-350 ECONODYNE 4VH has been estimated using oil analysis. The engines have been installed on the super heavy vehicles. This method is used to change the used oil based on oil operating hours, odometer and taking samples before that. Next, the samples are sent to the laboratory for analysis and obtaining the results. In order to be able to determine the overall condition of the engine, we have to study various parameters, such as wear elements, pollutants, elements correlation coefficients, viscosity, base number, acid number, type and the amount of engine wear in the same condition of the engine model, oil consumption and operating condition and therefore, the useful oil life is determined (100 hours). At last, a formula for silicon and aluminum elements is found. If the number of samples increases then the error rate will be reduced. So, the results are only based on the number of taken samples.

Background: Prolonged antiacid and antibiotic usage in gasterointestinal diseases may predispose candidial colonization in GI tract. In order to isolate and diagnose of candida infections in patients with gastritis, duodenitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, this study have been planned. Methods: We studied 300 biopsy specimens of patients referred to hospital, 51.7% of the patients were male and the others were female. The isolated fungi were identified by direct examination and culture of specimens. Results: Forthy four cases of yeasts were isolated in this investigation. Isolated yeasts have been identified as follows: 26 cases of C.albicance , I case C.tropicalis, 2 cases of C.krusei, and finally 1 case of unknown yeast. Conclusion: All the patients had a positive history of long lasting antacid taking for gastric ulser or gastritis. Candidiasis must be investigated in patients with gastritis, duodenitis and gastric ulcer, who are refractory to classic therapies and also in patients who have the chronic disease .

Tonsils are located in the upper airway.serious complications may threaen the patients during and following surgical operations in this area.this study was done to assess the effectiveness of local lidocaine infiltration for redusing complications of tonsillectomy.in this study,74 patients were randomly selected.37 patients received local lidocaine infiltration(2ml of 2% lidocaine)in the tonsilar capsules afther general anesthesia,and in the other half tonsillectomy were performed under general anesthesia with infilteration of placebo(normal saline).in both groups some rise in blood pressure and heart rate was observed.but diffrence with the preoperative blood pressure and heart rate was not statistically significant.the degree of postoperative restlessness(zero in lidocaine group,30% in placebo group)and reduction of peripheral O2 saturation(26% in lidocaine group,74% in placebo group) decreased siginficantly in the case group (p