Search

The current paper presents an original approach into the microgrid control framework by incorporating LSTM-based optimization with specific emphasis on refining the gain parameters of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. This integration represents a significant advancement in improving the overall efficiency of microgrid control systems. By creatively applying LSTM optimization, the paper achieves dynamic adjustments of the PID controller's parameters, resulting in more precise regulation of output power quality. Through the utilization of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in conjunction with LSTM-based optimization, the paper establishes a compelling link between improved power quality and the resultant tariff rates. This highlights their combined influence on enhancing power quality and calibrating tariff rates, providing a fresh perspective on optimizing microgrid operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease and dopaminergic agents are frequently used as a treatment while 'end of dose deterioration' or 'Wearing-Off (WO)' phenomenon is common with these agents. Treatment reconciliation may be helpful in this situation and there is dearth of studies especially in India. Aim: To study the WO effects in patients of PD, their pharmacotherapy and outcome. Materials and Methods: This registry-based, prospective, observational, outcomes-based study was conducted in the Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, in collaboration with Department of Neuromedicine of Kolkata Medical College and private clinics of a Neurologist from January 2020 to December 2021. An attempt was also undertaken to make a registry of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) patients. WO Questionnaire 19-items (WOQ-19), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Scale), The 39-items Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39 questionnaire), The 8-items Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS scale), suspected Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reporting Form of Indian Pharmacoepia commission (version 1.3), World Health Organisation-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) Scale, Naranjo causality assessment scale, Hartwig and Seigel's Severity Assessment Scale were used in the present study. The study was commenced after obtaining approval from institutional ethics committee. The data was then analysed with parametric or non parametric tests using (mean±Standard Deviation (SD), median, Fisher's-exact test, Friedman's Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, Wilcoxon matched pair signedrank test). Data collected and then statistically analysed by using WPS Excel version 2021 and GraphPad Prism version 9 software. Results: Total IPD patients were found to be 111 in the present study with a mean age of IPD patients as 61.85±7.20 years. Incidence of WO in the present study was found to be 40.5% among IPD patients. Most common characteristic of WO was found to be tremor in 104 (28.8%) patients followed by slowness of movement in 63 (17.5%) patients. WHO-UMC scale and Naranjo causality assesment scale both revealed 36.4% ADRs were probable category and 63.6% were possible category. MDS-UPDRS Score, PDQ-39 Score, MMAS-8 score significantly (p-value<0.05) improved during the course of treatment. Conclusion: Dose adjustment of syndopa was mostly used in the management of WO phenomenon and significant improvement in the quality of life of the patients was seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing body of research implies that emergency department (ED) physicians fail to identify drug-related ED visits due to the department's hectic workflow. In cases of poisoning or drug intoxications, the offending agent(s) may not be identified during the acute and possibly critical period of the exposure. For cases of suicidal incidents, laboratory assistances in identifying the offending chemical are not promptly available. The diagnosis of "toxidromes" is, therefore, an acceptable clinical diagnostic method that has been pioneered by clinical toxicologists. The present case has emphasized the need for applying clinical pharmacology principles in the early detection of drug-induced ED visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this state-of-the-art review, various adsorbents (i.e., Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), Activated Carbons and their composites, Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS) and zeolites) for CO2 adsorption both at low and high-pressure applications (i.e., pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture, adsorption heat pumps employing CO2 as refrigerant) are explored. The most suitable candidate, i.e., the various grades of activated carbons (ACs), is identified based on their equilibrium uptake (isotherm data), rate of adsorption (kinetic data), isosteric heat of adsorption and cost. The study presents a comprehensive review on the basis of various models of adsorption isotherms and kinetics, their merits and demerits, and their applicability, especially in the context of CO2-adsorbent pairs. The literature shows that the activated carbons with high surface area, pore volume and better pore network results in higher equilibrium uptake and faster kinetics. A comparative analysis presented in the review work highlights that high-grade activated carbons having higher absolute uptake, also result in higher net uptake, i.e., the deciding factor for selecting the adsorbents for adsorption-based refrigeration and heat transformation applications. The comparative study clearly shows that most of the MOFs with high surface area outperform the best-activated carbons in equilibrium CO2 uptake. However, their high heat of adsorption, slower kinetics and significantly high cost comes in their way of commercialization for high/low-pressure CO2 adsorption applications. One of the notable observations of the review work is that adsorbents that perform better in low-pressure applications may not be a handsome candidate for high-pressure applications, as both mechanisms are different. Various isotherm models are compared based on the R2 value of the fitted data. The comparison clearly demonstrates that some of the models, i.e., (Langmuir, Freundlich), give better predictions at low-pressure conditions while some (Toth, D-A, Modified D-A, and D-R) give a better prediction for high-pressure adsorption. Some isotherm models take care of the surface heterogeneity, hence suitable for AC-CO2 pair. Most importantly, the compiled data for the adsorption isotherms and kinetics will be useful for further analysis and design of adsorption systems and selection of adsorbents, especially for CO2 adsorption systems suitable for green refrigeration/heat pump and carbon capture application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2-D transient heat and mass transfer analysis is carried out on a longitudinal finned reactor suitable for adsorption-based green refrigeration/heat pump systems employing CO2-activated carbon pair. The study is carried out for a 1 kg adsorbent at constant charging/discharging pressure of 40 bar and 65 bar, respectively, for a fixed charging/discharging time of 300 s. Effects of various geometric parameters viz… reactor aspect ratio (AR), fin height and length, and number of fins (Nf) are studied to achieve an optimum reactor configuration based on maximum CO2 uptake. The results indicate that the addition of fins is crucial for enhancing the CO2 uptake for lower ARs. It is observed that the AR = 7.8; with 32 fins resulted in a maximum CO2 uptake of 1.25 kg/kg of adsorbent. The increment of 9–40% CO2 uptake is observed for all reactor configurations with Nf = 32. The gravimetric analysis revealed the existence of optimum reactor configurations for maximum CO2 uptakes. Based on the optimized conditions, equivalent annular finned models are analyzed for the same mass of the adsorption vessel. The results indicated that similar CO2 uptake could be obtained with lesser annular fins for lower ARs. Moreover, the current study is extended to analyze the desorption performance of optimized reactor configurations under high-pressure conditions. The results confirmed the best desorption performance for the reactor with AR = 7.8 for all external heating fluid temperatures. An increment of 495 and 637% is obtained for AR = 7.8 with Nf = 0 and 32, respectively w.r.t. AR = 0.35 with Nf = 0 at 400 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an expression measure of a gene, devised to predict the level of gene expression from relative codon bias (RCB). There are a number of measures currently in use that quantify codon usage in genes. Based on the hypothesis that gene expressivity and codon composition is strongly correlated, RCB has been defined to provide an intuitively meaningful measure of an extent of the codon preference in a gene. We outline a simple approach to assess the strength of RCB (RCBS) in genes as a guide to their likely expression levels and illustrate this with an analysis of Escherichia coli (E. coli) genome. Our efforts to quantitatively predict gene expression levels in E. coli met with a high level of success. Surprisingly, we observe a strong correlation between RCBS and protein length indicating natural selection in favour of the shorter genes to be expressed at higher level. The agreement of our result with high protein abundances, microarray data and radioactive data demonstrates that the genomic expression profile available in our method can be applied in a meaningful way to the study of cell physiology and also for more detailed studies of particular genes of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• Expressions for the efficiency and effectiveness of a porous fin with prescribed tip temperature are developed. • Analytical expressions for fin temperature profile and performance parameters are obtained using Galerkin's method of weighted residual. • The critical value of fin parameter S H is identified and different behaviour of the fin in the two different zone S H < S H * & S H > S H * are expounded. • The non-operating zone for a porous fin with prescribed tip temperature is identified. • Four different fin profile are explored. The present investigation aims at estimating the efficiency and effectiveness of porous fins of various profiles in a natural convection environment with both the ends imposed at certain temperatures. Unlike the other boundary conditions (insulated tip, convective tip) the maximum heat transfer rate for the present case cannot be determined considering the whole fin being at the base temperature. The maximum heat transfer rate is calculated by first finding the temperature profile of the fin corresponds to a very high value of thermal conductivity (i.e. k eff → ∞). Using the local maximum temperature values the maximum heat transfer rate is calculated. The variation of the temperature as well as the performance parameters for the longitudinal porous fin as a function of fin parameter (S H), is presented for four different profiles (rectangular, trapezoidal, parabolic concave and cubic concave). The variation of the fin efficiency with S H for different values of fin tip to base temperature ratio (θ L / θ b), depicts that for certain value of θ L / θ b the fin behaves differently in the two different zones S H < S H * and S H > S H *. The results indicate that for θ L / θ b ≥ 0.45 there exists a range of S H for which the fin efficiency is reduced and there exist local maxima and minima. This range of S H is undesirable to operate and it should be avoided for the proper design of the fin. The nonlinear governing differential equations are solved using the finite difference method followed by an iterative solver. To get approximate analytical expressions for the temperature as well as the fin efficiency and effectiveness semi- analytical solutions are also presented using Galerkin's method of weighted residual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]