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According to their respective positions, participants at the local, regional, and global actors within the poultry farming sector play strategic roles according to their respective positions. While these roles may integrate and overlap, they can also generate conflicts of interest at both the actor and institutional levels. This study analyses the actors and power relations in laying hen farming in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The data were collected using structured interview techniques (interview guides and Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives and Recommendations questionnaires), observation, documentation, and focus group discussions. The research informants were chosen deliberately based on various sources including farmers, farmer groups, cooperative, central and local government, companies, and traders. This was in addition to informants obtained using the snowball sampling technique such as middlemen, poultry shops (PSs) and other additional breeders. Data validity was determined using source triangulation and method triangulation. The results revealed that the individuals and entities engaged in layer hen farming encompass a diverse range of actors. These include farmers of various scales (small, medium, and large), institutions such as farmer groups and cooperatives, governmental bodies at both central and regional levels, industry representatives such as companies, PSs, distributors involved in producing and marketing day-old chick (DOC), feed, medicines, and vaccines, as well as market participants including local traders and traders operating across different regions. Small-scale and medium-scale farmers have the strongest relationships due to their high dependence on inputs such as DOC, feed, vaccines, and access to markets. The presence of various actors and power relations in laying hen business institutions creates both collaboration and competition in the supply of DOCs, animal feed, medicine, and even in the marketing of eggs from a food security and sustainability perspective.

Cold stress has an immediate impact on plant structure and function. A large number of free radicals cause oxidative stress in plants. Cold stress causes altered membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. It denatures enzymes and disrupts plant metabolism. Different methods are being investigated for acclimatizing plants subjected to cold stress. Nanobiotechnology and bacterial strains are growing agricultural strategies. Nanoparticles’ (NPs) unique qualities (small size, high mobility, biocompatibility, low cost, and increased reactivity) make them ideal candidates in agriculture. NP and bacterial applications maintain plastid structure and function, enhance antioxidant activities, secondary metabolites, and hormone expression, and reduce electrolyte leakage. They increase the number and content of proteins involved in oxidation–reduction reactions, hormone pathways, stress signaling, and reactive oxygen species detoxification under cold stress conditions. Chitosan, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide NPs can help plants with cold stress. Meanwhile, bacterial strains in the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas have been tested for cold tolerance. These strategies also upregulate antifreeze proteins, which are essential for the storage of plant products. Nano-bio-fertilizers should be prepared for the sustainable development of plants under low temperatures.

This research paper presented a novel investigation into an implicit coupled system of fractional variable order, which has not been previously studied in the existing literature. The study focused on establishing and developing sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as the Ulam-Hyers stability, for the proposed coupled system without using semigroup property. By extending the existing conclusions examined for the Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC) operator, we contributed to advancing the understanding of variable-order fractional differential equations. The paper provided a solid theoretical foundation for further analysis, numerical simulations, and practical applications. The obtained results have implications for designing and controlling systems modeled using fractional variable order equations and serve as a basis for addressing a wide range of dynamical problems. The transformation techniques, qualitative analysis, and illustrative examples presented in this work highlight its unique contributions and potential to serve as a foundation for future research.

Objective. To examine the postnatal predictors of survival and adverse outcome among Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) infants. Method. Six-year retrospective review of CDH infants born at tertiary neonatal unit. Results. Forty infants with CDH were included; 27 (67.5%) survived to discharge. Non-survivors had a higher best, mean, and highest oxygenation index (OI) ( P

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between Oxygenation Index (OI) and Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI) among infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH), both within the first 24 h after birth and in extended observations in those who survived until their surgical intervention.MethodsSeven- years retrospective review of CDH cases at a single Level III neonatal intensive care unit. The correlations of various combinations of OI-OSI pairs were assessed using the Spearman's rho Correlation Coefficient. Additionally, during the initial 24 h, the correlations between admission (first), best (lowest), highest, and mean OI and OSI values were determined. The predictive ability of the first 24 h oxygen and oxygen saturation indices for mortality and other adverse outcomes were assessed using the Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis.ResultsThirty-seven infants with CDH were included in the analysis. A strong correlation was observed between all pairs of OI/OSI (2,289) (Spearman's rho = 0.843), matched pairs of Postductal OI/OSI (1,232 pairs) (Spearman's rho = 0.835) and the unmatched pairs of Postductal OI and Preductal OSI (1,057 pairs) (Spearman's rho = 0.852). Using the regression equations for all pairs, matched and unmatched OI/OSI pairs, we deduced that for clinically pertinent OI thresholds of 10, 15, 20 and 40, the corresponding OSI values were 5, 8, 11, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, in the first 24 h, strong correlations were evident between OI/OSI: at admission (Spearman's rho = 0.783), best OI/OSI (Spearman's rho = 0.848), and highest OI/OSI (Spearman's rho = 0.921). The most robust correlation was observed between the mean OI/OSI with a Spearman's rho of 0.928. First (AUC = 0.849), best (AUC = 0.927), highest (AUC = 0.942) and mean day 1 OI (AUC = 0.946) were all predictive of mortality. Similarly, first (AUC = 1.00), best (AUC = 0.989), highest (AUC = 1.00) and the mean OSI in day 1 (AUC = 0.978) were all predictive of mortality. All of the OIs and OSIs in day 1 except for the admission OSI (AUC = 0.683) were predictive of pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, all of OI and OSI indices in the first 24-hour except for the best day 1 OI (AUC = 0.674) were predictive of the need for rescue HFOV.ConclusionThere were a strong correlation between the OI and OSI in infants with CDH. Oxygenation indices and OSI in the first 24 h were predictive of mortality and other adverse outcomes in infants with CDH.

The primary focus of this paper is to thoroughly examine and analyze a class of a fractional quadratic integral equation via generalized fractional integral. To achieve this, we introduce an operator that possesses fixed points corresponding to the solutions of the fractional quadratic integral equation, effectively transforming the given equation into an equivalent fixed-point problem. By applying the Banach fixed-point theorems, we prove the uniqueness of solutions to fractional quadratic integral equation. Additionally, The Adomian decomposition method is used, to solve the resulting fractional quadratic integral equation. This technique rapidly provides convergent successive approximations of the exact solution to the given fractional quadratic integral equation, therefore, we investigate the convergence of approximate solutions, using the Adomian decomposition method. Finally, we provide some examples, to demonstrate our results. Our findings contribute to the current understanding of fractional quadratic integral equation and their solutions and have the potential to inform future research in this area.

Introduction: Imposter syndrome is common among health disciplinary students, leading to serious consequences. However, the impact of imposter syndrome on self-esteem and quitting intention among respiratory therapy students has not been well researched. Objective: To report on the prevalence of imposter syndrome and assess its impacts on self-esteem and quitting intention among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A nonprobability cross-sectional questionnaire using the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was self-administered and distributed among respiratory therapy students between October 2022 and April 2023. Data analysis was performed using Descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Of the 1500 respiratory therapy students invited to participate in the study, 901 surveys were completed; and thus, included in the final analysis. Of whom, 92% were presented with imposter syndrome: 44% with moderate, 35% with frequent, and 13% with intense feelings. In addition, 60% of respiratory therapy students and interns experienced low self-esteem, while only 0.5% indicated high self-esteem. More than 50% of the study participants thought about quitting the respiratory therapy program, and 30% have been diagnosed with psychological disorders. Furthermore, there was a significant association between imposter syndrome and low self-esteem, p 0.005). Conclusion: Imposter syndrome and low self-esteem are prevalent among respiratory therapy students, both of which are associated with considering leaving the respiratory therapy program. Effective interventions should be implemented to ameliorate the symptoms imposter syndrome and low self-esteem; thus, improving the academic experience of respiratory therapy students.

Objective . To describe heated humidified high-flow nasal cannulas (HHHFNC) utilization in level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods . A prospective cross-sectional study using an electronic web-based questionnaire. The survey targeted level III NICUs hospitals using HHHFNCs, covering HHHFNC availability, protocols, patient characteristics, and indications. It also collected opinions on the benefits of HHHFNCs compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). Results . Out of 47 government-level III neonatal intensive care units, 35 (74%) responded to the survey. Among the included units, 46% had guidelines for HHHFNC use. Additionally, 51% reported using HHHFNC in infants of all gestational ages. The primary indication for HHHFNC use was weaning off nCPAP (34%), with 60% of the respondents noting its advantages for kangaroo care and breastfeeding. Conclusion . HHHFNC are increasingly prevalent in NICUs in Saudi Arabia. However, there remain no clear policies or guidelines regarding their use in preterm infants.

Egyptian Jallab (EJ) is a conical candy (light to dark brown), manufactured from a part of sugar cane juice, that is used in the black honey industry. EJ is considered an unrefined sugar or a non-centrifugal form of sugar. The traditional use of Jallab is as candy, but it can also be used for making ice cream, cupcakes, biscuits, and toffee, as well as being used in other food applications. In this study, EJ was used as a sugar substitute in ice cream at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Total solids, titratable acidity, pH, protein, ash, fat, specific gravity, weight per gallon, viscosity, color attributes, total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid contents, as well as microbiological analyses, were tested. The total solids, protein, and ash in the Egyptian Jallab ice cream (EJIC) increased from 39.30, 4.85, and 0.87 to 41.19, 6.36, and 1.42, respectively. The gradual sugar substitution led to a significant increase in specific gravity and weight per gallon in pounds. The lightness (L*) of the ice cream decreased significantly due to the substitution of EJ for sugar. Moreover, there was a significant increase in a* (from 0.147 in control samples to 5.52 in treatment 4, which had 100% EJ). The changes in the b* values of Jallab ice cream samples were significantly increased due to the substitution of EJ for sugar. The control samples had a low value of antioxidant activity (21.53%) when compared with the treatment, which has EJ (88.82, 89.96, 91.98, and 92.14%) for EJIC1, EJIC2, EJIC3, and EJIC4, respectively. The total phenolic contents are 2.07, 3.03, 4.14, and 4.68 fold higher in the treatments with EJ substituted for sugar than in the control samples. Total flavonoid contents increased from 5.73 mg QE g−1 in control samples (TC) to 14.68, 21.54, 30.48, and 34.15 mg QE g−1 in EJIC1, EJIC2, EJIC3, and EJIC4 mg QE g−1 in ice cream samples, respectively.

Introduction Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is gaining popularity among adults. Monitoring e-cigarette-induced respiratory symptoms is crucial for both clinical and regulatory purposes. We systematically reviewed the current literature to understand the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and former smokers. Methods Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. We included all English-language, empirical quantitative articles that explored the prevalence of e-cigarette-related respiratory symptoms. Random-effects models were utilized in conducting the meta-analyses. The quality of identified studies was evaluated using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools. This study is registered with PROSPERO(#CRD42020165973). Results The literature search identified 1240 references. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, 168 studies were included in the final review. The majority of included studies reported a wide range of adverse respiratory symptoms. The respiratory symptoms were prevalent among the exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and those who switched from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes. Further, out of the RCT studies, 5 were rated as good quality, while 3 were rated as fair. Among the observational studies, 24 were rated as good quality, and 9 were rated as fair. The two experimental studies were both rated as fair quality. Conclusions Continued monitoring of respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users is warranted. Due to the heterogeneity and inconsistencies among studies, which limit result interpretation and highlight the need for studies assessing causal inference, further research using robust study designs is essential. This will provide clinicians with comprehensive knowledge about the potential respiratory risks of e-cigarette use.

Careful study of applied sciences and their development requires us to expand the scope of analytical studies. We aim during introducing the current manuscript to rediscover and present Grüss inequality in a new framework. In order to do that, we use the recently generalized proportional fractional integral operator for a certain function with respect to another continuous and strictly increasing function. Furthermore, we prove some new related inequalities using the current fractional integral operator. Some special cases of the presented results will be discussed.

This research paper provides a comprehensive review of the utilization of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy as a means of respiratory support in extremely premature infants. The paper elucidates the underlying mechanisms of HFNC, which encompass the provision of distending pressure, reduction of respiratory effort, facilitation of carbon dioxide elimination, and optimization of gas conditioning. Noteworthy advantages of HFNC in comparison to invasive ventilation include enhanced oxygenation, improved lung compliance, and promotion of bonding, while simultaneously mitigating the occurrence of complications. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge potential drawbacks associated with HFNC, such as heightened morbidity, inadequate support necessitating reintubation, and an elevated risk of air leaks. Further investigations are imperative to refine HFNC protocols, conduct comparative analyses with alternative interventions, and enhance overall patient outcomes. In summation, HFNC represents an efficacious noninvasive respiratory treatment modality for premature infants, albeit with certain limitations. The optimization of benefits can be achieved through meticulous monitoring and standardization of practices.

This study aims to examine the dynamics of subsidized fertilizer management in rice production areas in Sidrap and Wajo districts, South Sulawesi province. Using a case study approach with qualitative analysis, the study combined primary data from in-depth interviews and secondary data derived from various studies and reports from government organizations. The results show that there is a considerable gap between the government’s fertilizer budget and farmers’ actual needs, leading to coverage of only 37%, thus forcing farmers to purchase more expensive non-subsidized fertilizers. The inefficient distribution system results in delays and scarcity. As a result, there will be market and price dualism between subsidized and non-subsidized markets, as well as subsidized and non-subsidized prices. Enforcement of pricing regulations faces hurdles due to the black market. In addition, farmers use the “foster father” system to obtain credit. To improve fertilizer management, the study recommends a multifaceted approach: increased budget allocation, efficient distribution, strong enforcement of pricing regulations, and innovative financing solutions such as the Tani Card. These strategies, along with improved inter-agency coordination, aim to address challenges and increase the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer policies.

Introduction There is a paucity of studies on e-cigarette use among adults with chronic lung disease. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether psychosocial or cognitive factors elucidate the relationship between chronic lung disease (CLD) and susceptibility to e-cigarette use and whether the relationship between CLD and e-cigarette use is conditional on the presence of respiratory symptoms. Methods We recruited adults aged ≥18 years in Alabama with CLD from university medical clinics (n=140) and individuals without CLD (n=123 as a reference group). Information on sociodemographics, susceptibility to e-cigarette use, psychosocial factors, and cognitive factors were collected. Mediation analysis was used to assess whether the psychosocial factors or cognitive factors explained the association between CLD and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes, and moderation analysis was conducted to determine if respiratory factors would change the association between CLD and susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Results Psychosocial factors (stress, depression, anxiety) and e-cigarette positive expectancy were notably high among individuals with CLD. Having CLD was associated with a lower likelihood of susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Higher levels of stress, being a smoker, boredom, taste/sensorimotor manipulation, and social facilitation were associated with higher odds of susceptibility to using e-cigarettes among individuals with CLD. Mediation analysis indicated a statistically significant indirect effect of CLD on the susceptibility to using e-cigarettes through stress and boredom reduction. We did not find a statistically significant interaction between CLD and respiratory symptoms affecting susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. Conclusions Individuals with CLD often exhibit stress, depression, and a positive view of e-cigarettes but are generally less inclined to use them. Stress, smoking habits, boredom, taste, and social influence can increase their susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Our findings call for further exploration to evaluate the temporal relationship between CLD status, psychosocial factors, cognitive factors, and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, on 5 November 2019. Identifier: NCT04151784

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the use of mind maps as an active teaching strategy to enhance critical thinking skills (CTSs) among respiratory therapy (RT) students in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 86 participants from two RT programs in Saudi Arabian Universities, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and The Batterjie Medical College, were randomly assigned to either the mind map group (MMG) or the standard note-taking group (SNTG). With the quasi-experimental design and quantitative method, mean comparisons were made between the groups using an independent t-test. RESULTS: There was no significant change between the pre-SNTG and post-SNTG as measured by the health sciences reasoning test (HSRT) after 15 weeks of standard note-taking (SNT). However, it showed the difference between the pre-MMG and post-MMG (P = .02) as measured by the HSRT after 15 weeks of intervention. There was also a significant change between the post-MMG and SNTG (P = .04) as measured by the HSRT, where the MMG had higher scores. However, the study had limitations, which conceded to the failure of participants in the test and the subjectivity of respondents where they were excluded from the study; also, for generalizability of the result, the study should have been taken beyond Riyadh and Jeddah. CONCLUSION: Prior to this study, the effectiveness of mind mapping (MM) in the respiratory discipline has not yet been explored. It found that mind mapping was effective at improving CTS, while SNT was not, as measured by pre- and post-test HSRT scores. This was the first investigation into MM’s impact on CTS within respiratory therapy education.

Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago) and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Phytoseiidae) are generalist predatory mites important in controlling phytophagous mites on some agricultural crops. The biology of both species as potential biological control agents of the grape erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Eriophyidae) on grape leaf disks was studied in the laboratory at 33 ± 1 °C, 60%RH, 12:12 h L:D. The developmental time, survival, and reproductive parameters of P. plumifer and E. scutalis on C. vitis, date palm pollen as well as C. vitis plus date palm pollen were investigated. Both predators, P. plumifer and E. scutalis, thrived on the mixed diet of C. vitis and date palm pollen resulting in a shorter developmental time (6.16 and 6.69 days, respectively), higher oviposition rate (2.11 and 1.96 eggs/female/day, respectively), and higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.251 and 0.229 per female/day, respectively) than on any other diet. Date palm pollen was an adequate alternative food source for P. plumifer and E. scutalis. The results suggest that both predators have good potential to suppress C. vitis populations and that date palm pollen can support the population establishment of both predators in the absence or scarcity of the main prey in the environment. We discuss the relevance of our results for the biocontrol of C. vitis.

The QuEChERS method was adjusted to determine bifenthrin residues in grapes and grape leaves. Extraction and cleanup procedures were optimized to decrease co-extracted materials and enhance the detection of bifenthrin. The method was validated per the European Union (EU) Guidelines criteria. Accuracy ranged from 98.8% to 93.5% for grapes and grape leaves, respectively. Precision values were 5.5 and 6.4 (RSDr) and 7.4 and 6.7 (RSDR) for grapes and grape leaves, respectively. LOQs (the lowest spiking level) were 2 and 20 µg/kg for grapes and grape leaves, respectively. Linearity as determination coefficient (R2) values were 0.9997 and 0.9964 for grapes and grape leaves, respectively, in a matrix over 1–100 µg/L range of analyte concentration. This was very close to the value in the pure solvent (0.9999), showing the efficiency of the cleanup in removing the co-extracted and co-injected materials; the matrix effect was close to zero in both sample matrices. Dissipation of bifenthrin was studied in a supervised trial conducted in a grapevine field during the summer of 2023 at the recommended dose and double the dose. Dissipation factor k values were 0.1549 and 0.1672 (recommended dose) and 0.235 and 0.208 (double dose) for grapes and grape leaves, respectively. Pre-harvest interval (PHI) was calculated for the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) values of the EU database. Residues of bifenthrin were removed effectively from grapes using simple washing with tap water in a laboratory study. Residues reached the MRL level of 0.3 mg/kg in both washing treatments, running or soaking in tap water treatments for 5 min. Removal from leaves did not decrease residue levels to the MRL in grape leaves.

Ocular melanoma stands as the predominant primary intraocular malignancy, albeit infrequently exhibiting ipsilateral inflammatory manifestations. In this article, we present an exceptional case involving a middle-aged male who presented with unilateral ocular choroidal melanoma alongside bilateral retinal vasculitis. The patient initially received temporary steroid treatment, followed by brachytherapy, which contributed to the resolution of vasculitis symptoms. The study aims to document the atypical occurrence of bilateral retinal vasculitis, which could potentially masquerade as melanoma, emphasizing the need for heightened vigilance and further investigations when encountering choroidal masses in its presence. Future research endeavors are warranted to better understand the incidence of such occurrences in this context.

Abstract Background Autoimmune/type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a recently described rare occurrence following the administration of adjuvants such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This systematic review aimed to review all available literature on the potential association between COVID-19 vaccines and T1DM. Methods The Directory of Open Access Journals, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus were systematically searched for all published studies from inception to July 2022. Articles reporting T1DM development within 8 weeks of administration of COVID-19 vaccine were included. Two reviewers independently performed the risk of bias assessment following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports. Results Eight eligible studies were retrieved, comprising 12 patients diagnosed with T1DM after being vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine. Six patients (50%) reported T1DM after receiving the second dose. Five patients (41.7%) presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, of which four presented within the first eight days after vaccination. Five patients (41.7%) had genetic susceptibility, with RNA binding motif protein 45 (RBM45/DRB1) and major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1 (HLA-DQB1) mutations being prominent. Interpretation In this review, we have shown a small number of new-onset diabetes cases coincidently occurring soon after the COVID-19 vaccine, especially in those with genetic susceptibility. Despite being older, these patients had a similar phenotype to T1DM. While there might be a causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and T1DM development, this should not influence decisions regarding vaccination since the overall benefit outweighs the risk. Further larger prospective trials are needed to assess causal relationship and to clarify the potential roles of COVID-19 vaccine-derived antigens in autoimmune disease development. Protocol registration PROSPERO-CRD42022342093.

Abstract Background With the advances in neonatal intensive care, the survival rate of extremely preterm infants is increasing. However, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major cause of morbidity among infants in this group. This study examined the changes in respiratory support modalities, specifically heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC), and their association with BPD incidence among preterm infants born at

A facile procedure for extracting and determining seven neonicotinoids was developed. Water was the only extraction solvent without phase separation and cleanup steps. The method was validated according to European Union standards, and the values obtained were compared with the criteria. The accuracy values were between 99.8% (thiamethoxam) and 106.8% (clothianidin) at the spiking levels of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg in the tested matrices. The precision as pooled RSD values was ≤6.1% (intra-day) and ≤6.9% (inter-day). The limit of quantification was set and tested at 0.01 mg/kg. The matrix effect was evaluated, and all matrices had a suppressive effect. The matrix of the cucumber was the most effective, with −20.9% for dinotefuran and an average of −9.8% for all compounds, while the tomato matrix had the slightest effect. Real marketed samples were analyzed using the developed and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methods; the results were not significantly different. A supervised field trial was conducted in the open field to study the dissipation patterns of imidacloprid and dinotefuran in tomatoes. The dissipation of both compounds followed first-order kinetics. The half-life (T½) values were 3.4 and 2.5 days, with dissipation rates k of 0.2013 and 0.2781 days, respectively. Following the EU-MRL database, the calculated pre-harvest interval (PHI) values were 7 and 14 days for imidacloprid and dinotefuran, respectively, and 3 days for both compounds following Codex Alimentarius regulations. The risk of imidacloprid and dinotefuran residues was estimated from chronic and acute perspectives. The risk factors of dinotefuran were lower than those of imidacloprid. Nonetheless, the highest expected residues of both compounds were below the tolerance limits.

Tetranychus urticae is an important pest of tomato crops globally, affecting plant yield and growth. Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii have the potential to control T. urticae. We investigated the influence of two B. bassiana (i.e., WG-12 and WG-19) isolates and one M. robertsii (WG-02) isolate when colonizing different plant organs (leaves, stems, and roots) and their influence on the growth of tomato plants, through foliar, root-dipping, and seed-soaking application techniques. We also examined the acaricidal activity of the three isolates against T. urticae (female adults), spraying tomato leaf discs with each isolate separately. After 28 days, WG-12 and WG-19 colonized 97 and 91% of the leaves after foliar inoculation, whereas WG-02 exhibited the lowest leaf colonization (76%). The height of the tomato plants, the root length, the number of leaves, and the weight of the biomass above and below the ground were enhanced significantly after inoculation with WG-02 vs. B. bassiana isolates and control. The complete mortality of T. urticae was caused by WG-12 and WG-02 after 10 days, whereas WG-19 killed 94% of the adults. For the effective management of T. urticae, we propose the application of the WG-02 isolate since it provides complete protection and promotes the growth of tomato plants.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: للتحقيق في مواقف وتصورات طلاب طب الأسنان حول التعاون / التعليم المهني الداخلي (التعليم الداخلي) والتعلم المشترك واستكشاف تأثير التعليم الداخلي على التطوير الشخصي والمهني للطلاب المشاركين. طرق البحث: تم استخدام استبانة مصمم خصيصا في هذه الدراسة المقطعية. تتكون الاستبانة من سبعة عشر سؤالا يستهدف معرفة تصورات الطلاب حول: 1- تفضيل / رأي طلاب طب الأسنان حول التعليم الداخلي؛ 2- خبرة طلاب طب الأسنان حول تأثير التعليم الداخلي على نتائج التعلم والتطوير المهني؛ 3- ملاحظات الطلاب حول أهمية التعليم الداخلي في مختبرات المحاكاة السريرية وإعدادات مكان العمل. قام الطلاب بتقييم كل من العبارات السبعة عشر على مقياس ليكرت من 5 نقاط (النطاق: 1 = لا أوافق بشدة، 5 = أوافق بشدة). النتائج: تم تحليل ما مجموعه 259 استبانة (معدل الاستجابة = 65٪). كان جميع الطلاب على دراية بالتعليم الداخلي في مجال طب الأسنان (متوسط الدرجة = 4.22). فضل الطلاب التعلم التعاوني / المشترك مع زملائهم في الفصل. كان هناك إجماع بين الطلاب حول التأثير الإيجابي للتعليم الداخلي على التعلم المعزز، وتعزيز مهارات الاتصال، وإثراء العلاقات المهنية مع الموظفين الداعمين وكذلك مع المرضى، وتحسين المهارات التحليلية والنفسية الحركية، وفهم المشاكل المعقدة في العيادات، وفهم نقاط القوة والقيود التي تؤدي إلى تحسين الذات وزيادة الكفاءة والإنتاجية. الاستنتاجات: كان للتعليم الداخلي تأثير مقنع وقوي وإيجابي وفقا لتجربة طلاب طب الأسنان المشاركين في الدراسة. يوصى بتصميم منهج موحد ووضع مبادئ توجيهية لـلتعليم الداخلي في مؤسسات طب الأسنان من أجل التفاعل الفعال بين المتعلمين في جميع المراحل. Abstract: Objectives: To investigate dental students’ attitudes and perceptions about intraprofessional collaboration/education (IPC/IPE) and shared learning, and to explore the impact of IPC/IPE on the personal and professional development of participating students. Methods: A custom-designed questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire comprised 17 questions targeting to capture the student's perceptions about IPC/IPE using three factors: (1) dental students' preference/opinion about the IPC/IPE; (2) dental students' experience about the impact of IPC/IPE on learning outcomes and professional development; and (3) students' feedback about the significance of IPC/IPE in clinical/clinical simulation labs and workplace setting. The students rated each of the 17 statements on the 5-point Likert scale (range: 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Results: A total of 259 responses were analysed (response rate = 65%). All students were aware of IPC/IPE in the field of dentistry (mean score = 4.22). The students preferred collaborative/shared learning with their own classmates. There was a consensus among students about the positive impact of IPC/IPE on enhanced learning, enhancement of communication skills, and enrichment of professional relationships with supporting staff as well as with the patients. There was also improved analytical and psychomotor skills, understanding of complex problems in the clinic, and understanding of strengths and limitations leading to self-improvement and increased efficiency and productivity. Conclusion: IPC/IPE had a compelling, powerful, and positive impact according to the experience of the participating dental students. It is recommended that a standardized curriculum be designed and guidelines set for IPC/IPE at dental institutions for effective interactions among students of all stages.

Stomas are essential for colorectal surgery and are widely used not only for selected cases for bowel obstructions but also in rectal cancer operations to divert stool away from low rectal anastomosis. On the other hand, complications with stomas/ stomas reversal are not uncommon. In this study, we aimed at studying the frequency and the predictors of temporary stomas being permanent, and the contributing factors of surgical stoma/stoma closure related complications. In our cohort, only about 40% of the patient closed their initially planned temporary stomas. The occurrence of intestinal leak, wound sepsis, or any type of morbidity with 30 days of operation were significant predictors of permanent stomas. In addition, alarmingly although Hartmann's procedure was uncommon in our practice, only 9% of those who underwent Hartmann's have had it reversed. Moreover, the only factor that significantly increased stoma related complications was having an end colostomy. There was a tendency toward late closure of stomas with median 8.2 months, however early closure did not correlate to complications. In conclusion, further studies are needed to delineate the low rate of stoma closure. Patients who develop postoperative complications, even wound sepsis, would be at a higher risk of living with permanent stomas. Hartmann's procedures are commonly associated with stoma problems, and reluctance to reverse the stomas.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest malignancy in Egypt secondary to endemic hepatitis virus. Dual malignancy with HCC is infrequently reported. We herein retrospectively collected data of HCC patients with another primary tumor from a tertiary cancer center. Fifteen patients were enrolled in this case series, epidemiologic data, type of second malignancy, time interval between both tumors, treatment applied, and pattern of recurrence and survival are displayed. Third of the tumors were synchronous, while in the rest HCC was mostly the second malignancy. Breast cancer was the commonest encountered other primary. None of the second malignancies recurred after treatment except for prostate cancer which was not treated radically. The median overall survival of the patients was shorter than previously published series about 29 months. In conclusion, dual malignancy with HCC had more complicated treatment panels; however, they are not necessarily carrying a worse prognosis. HCC tumor outcome remains the main predictor of survival.

Abstract Water quality index (WQI) of Narora channel and health of endemic fish Bagarius bagarius and plant Eichhornia crassipes, district Bulandshahar, Uttar Pradesh, India were studied. Among the physicochemical properties of water, pH, D.O, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cd were above the recommended standards. These factors lead to high WQI (4124.83), indicating poor quality and not suitable for drinking and domestic usage. In fish tissues, the highest metal load was reported in the liver (58.29) and the lowest in the kidney (33.73). Heavy metals also cause a lowering of condition indices. As expected, decreased serum protein (− 63.41%) and liver glycogen (− 79.10%) were recorded in the exposed fish. However, blood glucose (47.22%) and serum glycogen (74.69%) showed elevation. In the plant, roots (21.50) contained the highest, and leaves (16.87) had the lowest heavy metal load. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) > 1, indicates hyperaccumulation of all metals. E. crassipes roots showed the highest translocation factor (TF) > 1 for Ni (1.57) and Zn (1.30). The high mobility factor (MF) reflected the suitability of E. crassipes for phytoextraction of Mn, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Cu. Moreover, Bagarius sp. consumption could not pose any non-cancer risk. Although, lower cancer risk can be expected from Ni and Cr.

A donor–acceptor substituted derivative 2,6-diamino-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (DTPP) has been synthesized and its photophysical properties have been studied. Effect of solvent on the photophysical features of DTPP has been undertaken by steady state absorption and emission techniques. Strong solvatochromic emission has been observed due to intramolecular charge transfer characteristics, upon changing the solvent polarity, revealing the highly polar character of the excited state. Dipole moment changes between the excited and ground state have been estimated by using the theory of solvatochromism from Lippert–Mataga and Reichardt’s correlations. The geometrical parameters for ground and excited states, conformational flexibility, and NLO behavior of the molecule have been theoretically investigated. The electronic distributions of DTPP in HOMO and LUMO were also investigated using density functional theory (DFT) methods at B3LYP/6-31 G** level. The correlation of experimental results with theoretical predictions obtained via DFT substantiates the presence of polarity dependent of the emission spectra.

Introduction Recently, Saudi Arabia has extensively reformed its tobacco control policies and extended its smoking cessation services. A public outrage on social media among smokers was witnessed, especially after the implementation of plain cigarette packaging, which might have discredited the significant efforts of tobacco treatment services and tobacco control policies. However, it is not known how the credibility of the tobacco control regulatory body among Saudi smokers might affect their smoking behavior. Methods Saudi tobacco smokers (n=511) were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. A cross-sectional survey was conducted comprising questions related to the credibility of the tobacco control regulatory body (modified Food and Drug Administration Tobacco Credibility Scale), quit attempts, use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and motivation to change smoking behavior in the future. Logistic and linear regression models were used for the analysis. Results The public interest subscale of the credibility of the tobacco control regulatory body, was positively associated with confidence in changing smoking behavior (β=0.204; 95% CI: 0.078–0.713; t=2.449, p=0.015) and readiness to change smoking behavior (β=0.237; 95% CI: 0.127–0.727; t=2.802, p=0.005). Moreover, the subscale of expertise was positively associated with confidence in changing smoking behavior (β=0.190; 95% CI: 0.006–0.697; t=1.999, p=0.046) and readiness to change smoking behavior (β=0.225; 95% CI: 0.063–0.710; t=2.352, p=0.019). However, public interest in the credibility of the tobacco control regulatory body was negatively associated with NRT use among smokers who tried to quit (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.691; 95% CI: 0.526–0.909). The credibility of the tobacco control regulatory body, however, was not associated with the last month’s or ever quit attempts. Conclusions The credibility of the tobacco control regulatory body was positively associated with motivation to change smoking behavior but negatively associated with NRT use. Optimizing communication tools with the public is a potential avenue for improving smoking treatment and prevention in Saudi Arabia.

Left ventricular hypertrophy is a common entity with a broad differential diagnosis. We present a case of a middle-aged woman with left ventricular hypertrophy and neuropathy caused by a rare transthyretin variant in the absence of a family history or regional reports of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. This report outlines the diagnosis and management of patients with a mixed phenotype of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis and enriches clinical data supporting the pathogenicity of a rare variant of transthyretin. Résumé: L’hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche est une entité clinique fréquente pour laquelle le diagnostic différentiel est vaste. Nous décrivons le cas d’une femme d’âge moyen présentant une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche et une neuropathie, causées par un variant rare de la transthyrétine en l’absence d’antécédents familiaux ou de cas régionaux déclarés d’amylose héréditaire à transthyrétine. Le présent article décrit le diagnostic et la prise en charge des patients qui présentent un phénotype mixte d’amylose héréditaire à transthyrétine, et il alimente le bassin de données cliniques sur la pathogénicité d’un variant rare de la transthyrétine.