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This study aims to determine the impact of the job demands-resources model and professional identity on open innovation in the industrial sector by adopting technology as a mediating variable. The ...

Growth and immunity are opposing processes that compete for cellular resources, and proper resource allocation is crucial for plant survival. BSK1 plays a key role in the regulation of both growth and immunity by associating with BRI1 and FLS2, respectively. However, it remains unclear how two antagonistic signals co-opt BSK1 to induce signal-specific activation. Here we show that the dynamic spatial reorganization of BSK1 within the plasma membrane underlies the mechanism of signal-specific activation for growth or immunity. Resting BSK1 localizes to membrane rafts as complexes. Unlike BSK1-associated FLS2 and BRI1, flg22 or exogenous brassinosteroid (BR) treatment did not decrease BSK1 levels at the plasma membrane (PM) but rather induced BSK1 multimerization and dissociation from FLS2/BSK1 or BRI1/BSK1, respectively. Moreover, flg22-activated BSK1 translocated from membrane rafts to non-membrane-raft regions, whereas BR-activated BSK1 remained in membrane rafts. When applied together with flg22, BR suppressed various flg22-induced BSK1 activities such as BSK1 dissociation from FLS2/BSK1, BSK1 interaction with MAPKKK5, and BSK translocation together with MAPKKK5. Taken together, this study provides a unique insight into how the precise control of BSK1 spatiotemporal organization regulates the signaling specificity to balance plant growth and immunity.

VIA Water was an innovation programme of Aqua for All and IHE-Delft funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. VIA Water stands for Valorisation and Innovation in Africa in the Water sector. Between 2015 and 2019 the programme supported 62 urban water innovations across eight countries in Africa with a total grant of € 8.3 million. The programme offered grants to pilot new ideas and innovations in combination with technical, learning and business development support. Of the 525 original concept notes that were received, 62 secured a contract with VIA Water (12 %). Of the supported innovations, 53 % reached a stage of market introduction and dissemination, while less than 10 % of pilots failed. VIA Water has demonstrated a high inclusivity of African-led innovators with a similar level of effectiveness. Its portfolio was almost evenly distributed between innovations led by African and non-African lead partners. The programme was able to create a level playing field by providing special support to African innovators. This article explores the conditions which are needed to create this level playing field, including building a trustworthy environment in which learning and exchange are stimulated. Further, the article analyses some possible success factors, such as the country in which the innovation is applied, the theme (“pressing needs”) addressed by the innovation, the type of contract organisation and the approach chosen by the programme. Compared to three selected reference programmes, VIA Water has shown comparable performance despite being less risk averse.

Objective: To determine and compare the effects of Deep Transverse Friction (DTF) Massage and Mill’s manipulation (Cyriax) with Mobilization with movement (MWM) and Taping (Mulligan) in lateral epicondylitis patients. Material & Methods: A Randomized Control Trial (NCT03848117) was conducted in Physiotherapy Department of DHQ Hospital Bahawalnagar after the approval from the competent authority. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect sample. The n=30 sample size was randomly allocated in two groups as Group A i.e. the Cyriax group (DTF Massage & Mill’s Manipulation) and Group B i.e. the Mulligan group (Taping & MWM), with 15 participants in each group having sub acute lateral epicondylitis. Data was collected in terms of age, gender, BMI and occupation. Patient related tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire was used to determine the level of pain, functional disability and hand grip strength. Mann Whitney U statistics test was used for between the group analysis and Friedman with Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for within the group analysis. The significance level was set at p

Tomato is an important part of daily food, rich source of multitude nutrients, suitable candidate for bio-pharmaceutical production due to berry size and has numerous health benefits. Transcriptional regulation of metalloregulatory heat shock protein-70 family plays pivotal role in plants tolerance against abiotic stress factors including salinity, heat, cold, drought and trace metal elements such as cadmium (Cd2+).Here, we provide comprehensive report onCd2+ is a widespread heavy metal soil contaminent which is continously polluting fertile soils, a knotty issue which has serious implications over photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, minerals and water absorption by plants. Plants exposure to Cd2+ and subsequent qRT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression of

Corporate governance (CG) is key to enhance firm’s value. The purpose of this research is to examine effects of various aspects of corporate governance on firm’s value. We used secondary penal data of 100 companies on Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period: 2010 – 2016. Findings revealed that among other aspects of CG, managerial ownership and board size have significant influence on the value of a firm. Among controlled variables, firm size and firm ages were also found significant in firm’s value. We are convinced that findings of this study would help addressing agency issues through effective corporate governance measures. This study has come up with some practical implications as well. It is suggested that for better firm performance and increasing efficiency the board size may be kept at minimum.

The aim of this study is to find the moderating role of cognitive style index on servant leadership style and leadership effectiveness relationship. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 415 teaching staff from public and private universities. A total of 200 completed questionnaires were returned and used in the analysis. Bivariate correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. It is concluded that cognitive style index does acts as moderator voluntary subordination, covenantal relationship and transcendent spirituality while for other it does not act as moderator. So, it means that these variables can bring change in the effectiveness of leaders while making decision to serve for society, community, employees, followers or customers.

This study aimed to determine the effect of organizational resilience and chief executive officer (CEO) narcissism on project success via the mediating role of organizational risks. The study also ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of COVID‐19 on the attractiveness of work in the Iraqi health sector by looking at the mediating role of employees' attitudes. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 218 health sector employees. The results revealed that there is a significant impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on employees' attitudes that influence their decision to quit the health sector and look for jobs in other sectors. As health sector employees are prone to suffer the most in the pandemic, this crisis significantly affected the attractiveness of jobs in the health sector, leading to an increase in employees' negative attitudes and their desire to leave work.

This exploratory study has been carried out in different branches of a larger bank within two cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province viz Peshawar and Dera Ismail Khan. The culture of province is dominantly based on ‘Pakhtunwali’ that refers to the ‘unwritten code of life that governs and negotiates the everyday life of Pakhtuns. Pakhtunwali imposes certain cultural barriers on female employment. Among others, ‘Namos’ (protection of honor) is a foremost tenant of Pakhtunwali, which does not allow females to participate in public life. However, a recent trend reveals that more females, especially young ones, are getting engaged in paid work. These female employees demonstrate their organizational commitment through negotiating the cultural barriers at workplace. Grounded Theory techniques have been used to collect and analyze field data. This study makes important contributions in terms of understanding the work life of Pakhtuns female employees in a novel context. It will also contribute in policy formulation towards gender equity and equality in the context of Pakhtun region.

This research examines comparative effects of corporate governance internal mechanism on Profitability (ROA/ROE) in financial vs non-financial firms indexed on Pakistan Stock Exchange.The data of 296 firms (both types of firms) was taken from companies' audited accounts and various available documents of the State Bank of Pakistan for the period of 14 years (2001-2014). Panel data study is conducted as the data have the characteristics of both time series and cross-sectional. Multiple regression and fixed effect methods were employed to analyze the given dataset. Results revealed significance of both board characteristics and managerial ownership in the profitability of the selected companies.

In this paper, It is discussed that why Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are unreliable and some other issues with link stability between the nodes. Then their current solutions are suggested. On the behalf of the vulnerable nature of the MANET, these vulnerabilities disturb the development of mobile ad hoc networks. On the base of these vulnerabilities it is proved that mobile ad hoc networks are unreliable& instable Networks. While in the other part, the mechanism to reduce the unreliability & instability of the wireless link between the devices discussed. Ended up by suggesting some ideas and the solutions that makes Mobile Ad hoc network reliable and stable links between the nodes.

Due to ease of installation, cost efficiency, scalability and mobility the Wireless networking technology is being deployed everywhere in our daily routine life. With all these advantages WLAN also has security threats and vulnerabilities. Wireless security is necessary to measure, detect and prevent those threats and vulnerabilities. Network security is not only a security threat issue but it is basically a management issue. In this paper some most common types of security threats and vulnerabilities has been discussed and then relevant security policies are being concerned which are implementable to secure the network of any organization or company. This paper also helps normal home users and Security Managers to understand and assess the various threats while using wireless networks and the solutions for countering those threats.