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Background: Migraine is a highly underestimated and burdensome disease. Real-world studies evidence that migraine is more frequent and severe in women than men. However, to this day, no diagnostic-therapeutic pathways exist to satisfy the specific needs of female patients., Methods: In this study, migraine experts, specialists in women's health, patient, and decision makers, analyzed the diagnostic and therapeutic options for women with migraine across various ages and health conditions within the Italian healthcare system. A Delphi approach was used to formulate statements and achieve a consensus., Results: Gaps in clinical practice were identified, and strategies to accommodate women's needs were proposed. The experts agreed that a socio-behavioral intervention should be planned before any pharmacological treatment in pediatric/adolescent female patients and that the assessment of migraine with aura is considered crucial for adult women requiring contraceptive therapy. Acupuncture emerged as an effective treatment for pregnant and breastfeeding women, and hormone-replacement therapy selection in menopausal patients requires careful consideration to mitigate safety risks. The experts highlighted the absence of literature and guidelines for the management of migraine in women undergoing assisted reproductive procedures or oncological treatment. In light of these observations, the experts advocated the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborations between neurologists/headache specialists and other healthcare professionals, including general practitioners, pediatricians, gynecologists, and oncologists. Comprehensive migraine education for all healthcare professionals potentially involved in managing the disease, including pharmacists, was emphasized. Efforts to increase migraine awareness among women should be prioritized., Conclusion: The insights gained from this Italian consensus study should serve to develop an improved, female-specific pathway to diagnose and treat migraine., Competing Interests: SC received grants for scientific advisory board, speaker panels, travel grants by Abbvie, Allergan, Angelini, Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Teva; was investigator for trials with Amgen, Biohaven, Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Teva. Piero B reports personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaker panels, travel grants, research support, collaborated for clinical trials, or other activities with Abbvie, Alder, Allergan, Amgen, Angelini, Assosalute, Bayer, Biohaven, ElectroCore, Eli-Lilly, Fondazione Ricerca e Salute, GSK, Lundbeck, Lusofarmaco, 1MED, MSD, New Penta, Noema Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Stx-Med, Teva, Visufarma, Zambon and serves as President with Italian Association of Headache Sufferers. CF received grants for scientific advisory board, speaker panels, travel grants by Abbvie, Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Teva; was investigator for trials with Abbvie, Amgen, Biohaven, Janssen, Pfizer, Teva. FF received grants for scientific advisory board, speaker panels, travel grants by Cristalfarma, Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Piam, Teva; he was investigator for trials with Teva. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cevoli, Barbanti, Finocchi, Benedan, Mariani, Orthmann, Bauleo, Brusa, Cianci, Marozio, Masseroni, Sangermani, Frediani and Allais.)

We studied a 9-year-old boy, affected with the Parry-Romberg syndrome, during a period of 32 months, by means of clinical evaluations and neuroradiological magnetic resonance imaging. Over this time we observed a clinical progression of the cutaneous disease without a simultaneous progression of the neurological alterations. Conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques showed white matter alterations which proved to be stable during the follow-up.