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Obesity-associated insulin resistance plays a central role in type 2 diabetes. As such, tyrosine phosphatases that dephosphorylate the insulin receptor (IR) are potential therapeutic targets. The low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) is a proposed IR phosphatase, yet its role in insulin signaling in vivo has not been defined. Here we show that global and liver-specific LMPTP deletion protects mice from high-fat diet-induced diabetes without affecting body weight. To examine the role of the catalytic activity of LMPTP, we developed a small-molecule inhibitor with a novel uncompetitive mechanism, a unique binding site at the opening of the catalytic pocket, and an exquisite selectivity over other phosphatases. This inhibitor is orally bioavailable, and it increases liver IR phosphorylation in vivo and reverses high-fat diet-induced diabetes. Our findings suggest that LMPTP is a key promoter of insulin resistance and that LMPTP inhibitors would be beneficial for treating type 2 diabetes.

Neutrosophic set and Neutrosophic Topological spaces has been introduced by Salama. Neutrosophic Closed set and Neutrosophic Continuous Functions were introduced by Salama et. al.. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Nω- closed sets and their properties in Neutrosophic topological spaces.

An efficient method primarily depending on nonisolated quasi Z-source (QZS) novel multilevel inverter (NIQZS-NMLI) topology to interconnect photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed in this paper. The proposed hybrid system is the combination of improved chameleon swarm algorithm (ICSA) and recurrent perceptron neural network (RPNN), hence it is named as ICSA–RPNN. Usually, the interface among the PV DC supply, the load is achieved through an NIQZS-NMLI topology. Here, the NIQZS-NMLI topology modeling design is increased with the new storage device to supply the largest amount of power from the PV power production system. The number of switches and full harmonic distortion of the machine are reduced through the NMLI topology, and it is used to achieve better upgrading capability, and reduce the voltage pressure on the entire active switching device has a better modulation index. At first, the objective function is described primarily depending on its controller parameters and control voltages, current, power, and modulation code. These parameters are useful to the inputs of the proposed ICSA-RPNN approach. The ICSA-RPNN methodology enhanced the voltage profile, reducing power distribution, power oscillations simultaneously distributing power to the load. The modulation load is controlled by proposed artificial intelligence (AI) mainly depends on the NIQZS-NMLI topography. In addition, the ICSA-RPNN methodology reduces the injected power, controls the voltage, current and frequency conditions of the DC hyperlink. The ICSA-RPNN approach is performed at MATLAB/Simulink site and the general performance of the output is compared to the existing systems for different load conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nayantara Sahgal is a most notable feminist. Her active part for the emancipation of women is revealed through her novels. She has portrayed the real sufferings of women through her female characters. They have been tortured by the patriarchal society. But they never lose their identity. And they fight for their own freedom. Hostile sexism means insulting or degrading women directly. Their feelings are never considered. The novelist is the keen observer of the society even before independence. Because she was born in British India, she knew the sufferings for freedom. That's why she needs the same equality and freedom for women, because they are refused to have the same freedom as men have in the society. They are treated as secondary beings. Women are always insisted to follow men in various roles. They don't have rights to question men because men are treated as superior beings. Later sometime, women are given a few rights like education, voting, job opportunities etc. However, women have been treated as sexual objects. In outward they are given all rights. The female characters of this novel have suffered a lot because of the dominative attitude of males. Rose is used by Ram and threw out by his son Dev. Above statement is proved by the women and female kids' harassments. Many laws are passed to safeguard female children from such cruel acts, like Pocso Act which was enacted in 2012. However, it does not reduce the crimes against females. So, the punishments should become more severe. Then only, crimes may reduce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in unwanted spam email volumes created a clear need for more effective and robust anti-spam filters. Recent machine learning methods are employed to detect and process spam mails successfully. In this paper, we present a density based clustering for email classification problem using kNN algorithm. Initially, the relevant features for filtering the spam messages are extracted from the study and it acts as an antispam filter. It thereby generates the successful corpus list for detection of spam emails. The experiments are conducted on various email datasets and the results show that the proposed kNN density based clustering offers improved performance than the other methods. As shown by the test results, our methodology showed stronger prediction capabilities and better classifications based on indepth learning techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In the present study, the flavonoid fraction of Tabernaemontana divaricata flavonoid fraction(TdFf) leaves was investigated for its in vitro and in vivo antioxidative and antitumor activity.Subjects and Methods: The flavonoid fraction of ethyl acetate extract was assessed for their in vitro antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), superoxide radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide and in vivo antioxidative activity by enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in the liver of intraperitoneally implanted Ehrlich's lymphoma (EAC) and Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLAs) model. The in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using trypan blue exclusion assay and in vivo antitumor activity was assessed by screening the ILS, serum liver marker enzymes and histopathology of the liver.Statistical Analysis Used: The data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of the means, and statistical analysis was carried out employing one-way and two-way analysis of variance using Web Agri Stat Package 2.0.Results: The dose-dependent percentage scavenging of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, OH, superoxide radical, and nonradical NO and H2O2 by TdFf indicated their antioxidative potential. Incubation of EAC/DLA tumor cells with TdFf showed a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect, and the extract killed 50% of EAC/DLA tumor cells at a concentration of 80 μg of TdFf. Coadministration of TdFf with EAC/DLA-induced mice showed a significant increase in the liver enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants and significant decrease in the serum liver marker enzymes to prove the in vivo antioxidative and antitumor activity of TdFf. It was also confirmed by the histopathology of the liver.Conclusions: It may be concluded that the flavonoid fractions of Td possess considerable antioxidative and antitumorigenic activity against the tested DLA/EAC in both in vitro and in vivo system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the influence of seasonal variation on the nitrate contamination of groundwater, water samples were collected during the pre and post-monsoon seasons from open wells, bore wells and hand pumps at different villages spread over in the 18 blocks of the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The water samples were analysed for pH, EC and NO3-N content. Results indicated that the groundwater of different blocks of Coimbatore ranged from neutral to alkaline in reaction and saline in nature. The overall mean NO3-N content of groundwater samples of different blocks varied from 5.20 to 9.52 mg L-1 with the overall mean value of 6.74 mg L-1 and it is below the critical level of 10.0 mg L-1. The higher mean NO3-N content was observed in groundwater samples collected from Gudimangalam block followed by Periyanaickenpalayam and Sultanpet blocks. The temporal variation in NO3-N content of groundwater samples was observed, being higher in the post monsoon than in the pre monsoon season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following Inductive methodology (fertility gradient concept), a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of initial soil fertility and Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) on the yield of brinjal (var. CO 2) on Typic Rhodustalf of Tamil Nadu. In the first phase of the experiment, variations in soil fertility with reference to soil available N, P and K was established among the three fertility strips with the addition of fertilizers at graded levels and by growing fodder sorghum as gradient crop. In the second phase viz., the test crop experiment with brinjal, consisted of four levels each of fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O and three levels of farm yard manure (FYM). The highest yield of 35.8 t ha-1 was recorded with 150:75:75 kg ha-1 of fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O along with 12.5 t ha-1 of FYM in strip III with initial soil available NPK status of 203, 34 and 500 kg ha-1 respectively. The fruit yield as well as NPK uptake by brinjal had increased with increase in initial soil fertility and with increase in the levels of fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O and FYM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]