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1. From ice core to ground-penetrating radar: representativeness of SMB at three ice rises along the Princess Ragnhild Coast, East Antarctica

Author

Marie G.P. Cavitte, Hugues Goosse, Sarah Wauthy, Thore Kausch, Jean-Louis Tison, Brice Van Liefferinge, Frank Pattyn, Jan T.M. Lenaerts, and Philippe Claeys

Subjects
Accumulation, Antarctic glaciology, ground-penetrating radar, ice core, ice rise, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

The future contributions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to sea level rise will depend on the evolution of its surface mass balance (SMB), which could amplify/dampen mass losses increasingly observed at the ice sheet's edge. In situ constraints of SMB over annual-to-decadal timescales consist mostly of firn/ice cores that have a surface footprint $\sim$cm$^{2}$. SMB constraints also come from climate models, which have a higher temporal resolution but a larger surface footprint of several km$^{2}$. We use ice-penetrating radar data to obtain an intermediate spatial and temporal resolution SMB record over three ice rises along the Princess Ragnhild Coast. The co-located ice cores allow us to obtain absolute radar-derived SMB rates at a multi-annual-to-decadal temporal resolution. By comparing the ice core SMB measurements and the radar-derived SMB records, we determine that pointwise measurements of SMB are representative of a small surface area, $\sim 200-500$ m radius extending from the ice core drill site for the ice rises studied here, and that the pointwise measurements are systematically 7–15 cm w.e. a$^{-1}$ lower than the mean SMB value calculated for the whole ice rises. However, ice core records are representative of an entire ice rise's temporal variability at the temporal resolution examined.

Published
2022
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2. Physical and biological properties of early winter Antarctic sea ice in the Ross Sea

Author

Jean-Louis Tison, Ted Maksym, Alexander D. Fraser, Matthew Corkill, Noriaki Kimura, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Martin Vancoppenolle, Steve Ackley, Sharon Stammerjohn, Sarah Wauthy, Fanny Van der Linden, Gauthier Carnat, Célia Sapart, Jeroen de Jong, François Fripiat, and Bruno Delille

Subjects
Antarctic glaciology, biogeochemistry, sea ice, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

This work presents the results of physical and biological investigations at 27 biogeochemical stations of early winter sea ice in the Ross Sea during the 2017 PIPERS cruise. Only two similar cruises occurred in the past, in 1995 and 1998. The year 2017 was a specific year, in that ice growth in the Central Ross Sea was considerably delayed, compared to previous years. These conditions resulted in lower ice thicknesses and Chl-a burdens, as compared to those observed during the previous cruises. It also resulted in a different structure of the sympagic algal community, unusually dominated by Phaeocystis rather than diatoms. Compared to autumn-winter sea ice in the Weddell Sea (AWECS cruise), the 2017 Ross Sea pack ice displayed similar thickness distribution, but much lower snow cover and therefore nearly no flooding conditions. It is shown that contrasted dynamics of autumnal-winter sea-ice growth between the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea impacted the development of the sympagic community. Mean/median ice Chl-a concentrations were 3–5 times lower at PIPERS, and the community status there appeared to be more mature (decaying?), based on Phaeopigments/Chl-a ratios. These contrasts are discussed in the light of temporal and spatial differences between the two cruises.

Published
2020
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4. Investigating the spatial representativeness of Antarctic ice cores: A comparison of ice core and radar-derived surface mass balance

Author

Marie G. P. Cavitte, Hugues Goosse, Kenichi Matsuoka, Sarah Wauthy, Vikram Goel, Rahul Dey, Bhanu Pratap, Brice Van Liefferinge, Thamban Meloth, and Jean-Louis Tison

Abstract

Surface mass balance (SMB) over the Antarctic Ice Sheet must be better understood to document current Antarctic contribution to sea-level rise. Field point data using snow stakes and ice cores are often used to evaluate the state of the ice sheet's mass balance as well as to validate SMB derived from regional climate models, which are then used to produce future climate projections. However, spatial representativeness of individual point data remains largely unknown, particularly in the coastal regions of Antarctica with highly variable terrains. Here, we compare ice core data collected at the summit of eight ice rises along the coast of Dronning Maud Land, as well as at the Dome Fuji site, and shallow ice-penetrating radar data over these regions. Shallow radar data has the advantage of being spatially extensive with a temporal resolution that varies between annual and sub-decadal resolution from which we can derive a SMB record over the entire radar survey. This comparison allows us therefore to evaluate the spatial variability of SMB and the spatial representativeness of ice-core derived SMB. We found that ice core mean SMB is very local and the difference with radar-derived SMB increases in a logarithmic-fashion as the surface covered by the radar data increases, with for most ice rises a plateau ~1–2 km away from the ice crest where there are strong wind-topography interactions, and ~10 km where the ice shelves begin. The relative uncertainty in measuring SMB also increases rapidly as we move away from the ice core sites. Five of our ice rise sites show a strong spatial representativeness in terms of temporal variability, while the other three sites show it is limited to a surface areas between 20–120 km2. The Dome Fuji site on the other hand shows a small difference between pointwise and area mean SMB, as well as a strong spatial representativeness in terms of temporal variability. We found no simple parameterization that could represent the spatial variability observed at all the sites. However, these data clearly indicate that local spatial SMB variability must be considered when assessing mass balance as well as comparing modeled SMB values to point field data.

Published
2023

5. Physico-chemical properties of the top 120 m of two ice cores in Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica): an open window on spatial and temporal regional variability of environmental proxies

Author

Sarah Wauthy, Jean-Louis Tison, Mana Inoue, Saïda El Amri, Sainan Sun, Philippe Claeys, Frank Pattyn, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Chemistry, and Earth System Sciences

Subjects
Ice cores, Antarctica, Environmental proxies, Stable isotopes
Abstract

The Antarctic ice sheet’s future contribution to sea level rise is difficult to predict, mostly because of the uncertainty and variability of the surface mass balance (SMB). Ice cores are used to locally (km scale) reconstruct SMB with a very good temporal resolution (up to sub-annual), especially in coastal areas where accumulation rates are high. The number of ice cores records has been increasing these last years, revealing an important spatial variability and different trends of SMB, highlighting the crucial need for greater spatial and temporal representativeness. We present records of density, water stable isotopes (δ18O, δD and deuterium excess), ions concentrations (Na+, K+, Mg+, Ca+, MSA, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-), and continuous electrical conductivity measurement (ECM), as well as age models and resulting surface mass balance from the top 120 m of two ice cores (FK17 and TIR18) drilled on two adjacent ice rises located in coastal Dronning Maud Land and dating back to the end of the 18th century. Both environmental proxies and derived data show contrasting behaviors, suggesting strong spatial and temporal variability at the regional scale. In terms of precipitation proxies, both ice cores show a long-term decrease of deuterium excess (d-excess) and a long-term increase of δ18O, although less pronounced. In terms of chemical proxies, the non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO42-) concentrations of FK17 are twice the ones of TIR18 and display an increasing trend on the long-term while there is only a small increase after 1950 in TIR18. The SO42- / Na+ ratios show a similar contrast between FK17 and TIR18 and are consistently higher than the sea water ratio, indicating a dominant impact of the nssSO42- on the SO42- signature. The mean long-term SMB is similar for FK17 and TIR18 (0.57 and 0.56 m i.e. a-1 respectively), but the annual records are very different: since the 1950’s, TIR18 shows a continuous decrease while FK17 has shown an increasing trend until 1995 followed by a recent decrease. The datasets presented here offer numerous development possibilities for the interpretation of the different paleo profiles and for addressing the mechanisms behind the spatial and temporal variability observed at the regional scale (tens of km scale) in East Antarctica. The “Mass2Ant IceCores” datasets are available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7848435; Wauthy et al., 2023).

Published
2023

6. Ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulphate records spanning the past 2000 years

Author

Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara Khodzher, Ludmila Golobokova, and Alexey Ekaykin

Abstract

Changes in sea ice conditions and atmospheric circulation over the Southern Ocean play an important role in modulating Antarctic climate. However, observations of both sea ice and wind conditions are limited in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, both temporally and spatially. Ice core chemistry data can be used to reconstruct changes over annual, decadal, and millennial timescales. To facilitate sea ice and wind reconstructions, the CLIVASH2k working group has compiled a database of two species, sodium [Na+] and sulphate [SO42-], commonly measured ionic species. The database contains records from 105 Antarctic ice cores, containing records with a maximum age duration of 2000 years. An initial filter has been applied, based on evaluation against climate observations, to identify sites suitable for reconstructing past sea ice conditions, wind strength, or atmospheric circulation.

Published
2022

7. Physical and biological properties of early winter Antarctic sea ice in the Ross Sea

Author

Ted Maksym, Alexander Duncan Fraser, Gauthier Carnat, Martin Vancoppenolle, Noriaki Kimura, Daiki Nomura, Fanny Van der Linden, Stephen F. Ackley, Célia Sapart, François Fripiat, Sharon Stammerjohn, Bruno Delille, Matthew Corkill, Jean-Louis Tison, Sarah Wauthy, Yuichi Nosaka, Jeroen de Jong, Laboratoire de Glaciologie [Bruxelles], Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Faculty of Fisheries Sciences [Hakodate], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Unité d'Océanographie Chimique, Interfacultary Center for Marine Research (MARE), Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, Biogeochemical cycle, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biogeochemistry, Antarctic sea ice, 01 natural sciences, Arctic ice pack, sea ice, Antarctic glaciology, Early winter, Oceanography, biogeochemistry, Biological property, Sea ice, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, 14. Life underwater, Snow cover, Geology, Sciences exactes et naturelles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

This work presents the results of physical and biological investigations at 27 biogeochemical stations of early winter sea ice in the Ross Sea during the 2017 PIPERS cruise. Only two similar cruises occurred in the past, in 1995 and 1998. The year 2017 was a specific year, in that ice growth in the Central Ross Sea was considerably delayed, compared to previous years. These conditions resulted in lower ice thicknesses and Chl- a burdens, as compared to those observed during the previous cruises. It also resulted in a different structure of the sympagic algal community, unusually dominated by Phaeocystis rather than diatoms. Compared to autumn-winter sea ice in the Weddell Sea (AWECS cruise), the 2017 Ross Sea pack ice displayed similar thickness distribution, but much lower snow cover and therefore nearly no flooding conditions. It is shown that contrasted dynamics of autumnal-winter sea-ice growth between the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea impacted the development of the sympagic community. Mean/median ice Chl- a concentrations were 3–5 times lower at PIPERS, and the community status there appeared to be more mature (decaying?), based on Phaeopigments/Chl- a ratios. These contrasts are discussed in the light of temporal and spatial differences between the two cruises., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

8. Sea Ice CO2 Dynamics Across Seasons: Impact of Processes at the Interfaces

Author

Willy Champenois, Antonio Lourenço, F. C. Van der Linden, François Fripiat, Frédéric Vivier, Florian Deman, Bruno Delille, Marie Kotovitch, Jean-Louis Tison, Sarah Wauthy, Arnout Roukaerts, Sébastien Moreau, Timothy G. Haskell, Frank Dehairs, Gauthier Carnat, Unité d'Océanographie Chimique, Interfacultary Center for Marine Research (MARE), Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Glaciologie [Bruxelles], Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Norwegian Polar Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Développement Instrumental et Techniques Marines (DITM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Callaghan Innovation, Antarctica New Zealand, Belgian Science Policy, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique ‐ FNRS, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, and Chemistry

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, air‐sea ice fluxes, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, biofilm, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sea ice, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, carbon dioxide, trophic status, sea ice, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, Antarctica, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract

International audience; Winter to summer CO2 dynamics within landfast sea ice in McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) were investigated using bulk ice pCO2 measurements, air‐snow‐ice CO2 fluxes, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and ikaite saturation state. Our results suggest depth‐dependent biotic and abiotic controls that led us to discriminate the ice column in three layers. At the surface, winter pCO2 supersaturation drove CO2 release to the atmosphere while spring‐summer pCO2 undersaturation led to CO2 uptake most of the time. CO2 fluxes showed a diel pattern superimposed upon this seasonal pattern which was potentially assigned to either ice skin freeze‐thaw cycles or diel changes in net community production. In the ice interior, the pCO2 decrease across the season was driven by physical processes, mainly independent of the autotrophic and heterotrophic phases. Bottom sea ice was characterized by a massive biomass build‐up counterintuitively associated with transient heterotrophic activity and nitrate plus nitrite accumulation. This inconsistency is likely related to the formation of a biofilm. This biofilm hosts both autotrophic and heterotrophic activities at the bottom of the ice during spring and may promote calcium carbonate precipitation.

Published
2020

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