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1. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

Author

Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juárez, Manuel de la, Alonso, A., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Atienza, T., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Carrera, M. A., Castañer, L., Ceballos, J., Chen-Chen, H., Cobos, A., Conrad, P.G., Cordoba, E., Río-Gaztelurrutia, T. del, Vicente-Retortillo, A. de, Domínguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gómez, F., Fairen, A.G., Fernández-Palma, A., Ferrándiz, R., Ferri, F., Fischer, E., García-Manchado, A., García-Villadangos, M., Genzer, M., Giménez, S., Guzewich, Scott D., Harri, A.M., Hernández, C.D., Hieta, M., Hueso, R., Jaakonaho, I., Jiménez, J.J., Jiménez, V., Larman, A., Leiter, R., Lepinette, A., Lemmon, M.T., López, G., Madsen, S.N., Mäkinen, T., Marín, M., Martín-Soler, J., Martínez, G., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Moreno-Álvarez, J.F., Navarro, S., Ortega, C., Parrondo, M.C., Peinado, V., Peña, A., Pérez-Grande, I., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Pla-García, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Ramos, M., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Saiz-Lopez, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Sard, I., Sebastian, E., Toledo, D., Torrero, F., Torres, J., Urquí, R., Velasco, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, D., Zurita, S., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)

Abstract

86 pags., 49 figs., 24 tabs. NASA’s Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the projects No. ESP2014-54256-C4-1-R (also -2-R, -3-R and -4-R) and AYA2015-65041-P; Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, projects No. ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R (also -2-R and -3-R), ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31 (also -C32 and -C33) and RTI2018-099825-B-C31; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial; Ministry of Science and Innovation’s Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology; Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19; and European Research Council Consolidator Grant no 818602. The US co-authors performed their work under sponsorship from NASA’s Mars 2020 project, from the Game Changing Development program within the Space Technology Mission Directorate and from the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate.

Published
2021

2. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, European Research Council, Rodríguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juárez, M. de la, Alonso, A., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Atienza, T., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Carrera, M. A., Castañer, L., Ceballos-Cáceres, J., Chen-Chen, H, Cobos, A., Conrad, P.G., Cordoba, E., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, de Vicente Retortillo, A., Domínguez-Pumar, M., Díaz-Espejo, Antonio, González Fairén, Alberto, Fernández-Palma, A., Ferrándiz, Ricardo, Ferri, F., Fischer, E., García-Manchado, A., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Genzer, M., Giménez, S., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gómez, Felipe, Guzewich, Scott D., Harri, A-M, Hernández, C.D., Hieta, M., Hueso, R., Jaakonaho, I., Jiménez, J. J., Jiménez, V., Larman, A., Leiter, R., Lepinette, Alain, Lemmon, M.T., López, G, Madsen, S.N., Mäkinen, T., Marín, M., Martín Soler, Javier, Martínez, G., Molina-Jurado, Antonio, Mora Sotomayor, Luis, Moreno-Álvarez, J. F., Navarro, Sara, Newman, C E, Ortega, C., Parrondo, M.C., Peinado, Verónica, Peña, A., Pérez-Grande, I., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Pla-García, Jorge, Polkko, J., Postigo Cacho, Marina, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Ramos, M. Ángeles, Richardson, M. I., Romeral Planelló, Julio J., Romero, C, Runyon, K D, Saiz-Lopez, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Sard, I., Schofield, J. T., Sebastián-Martínez, Eduardo, Smith, M D, Sullivan, R J, Tamppari, L K, Thompson, A D, Toledo, D, Torrero, F, Torres-Redondo, Josefina, Urquí, R., Velasco, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Zurita, S., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, European Research Council, Rodríguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juárez, M. de la, Alonso, A., Apéstigue, V., Arruego, I., Atienza, T., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Carrera, M. A., Castañer, L., Ceballos-Cáceres, J., Chen-Chen, H, Cobos, A., Conrad, P.G., Cordoba, E., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, de Vicente Retortillo, A., Domínguez-Pumar, M., Díaz-Espejo, Antonio, González Fairén, Alberto, Fernández-Palma, A., Ferrándiz, Ricardo, Ferri, F., Fischer, E., García-Manchado, A., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Genzer, M., Giménez, S., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gómez, Felipe, Guzewich, Scott D., Harri, A-M, Hernández, C.D., Hieta, M., Hueso, R., Jaakonaho, I., Jiménez, J. J., Jiménez, V., Larman, A., Leiter, R., Lepinette, Alain, Lemmon, M.T., López, G, Madsen, S.N., Mäkinen, T., Marín, M., Martín Soler, Javier, Martínez, G., Molina-Jurado, Antonio, Mora Sotomayor, Luis, Moreno-Álvarez, J. F., Navarro, Sara, Newman, C E, Ortega, C., Parrondo, M.C., Peinado, Verónica, Peña, A., Pérez-Grande, I., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Pla-García, Jorge, Polkko, J., Postigo Cacho, Marina, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Ramos, M. Ángeles, Richardson, M. I., Romeral Planelló, Julio J., Romero, C, Runyon, K D, Saiz-Lopez, A., Sánchez-Lavega, A., Sard, I., Schofield, J. T., Sebastián-Martínez, Eduardo, Smith, M D, Sullivan, R J, Tamppari, L K, Thompson, A D, Toledo, D, Torrero, F, Torres-Redondo, Josefina, Urquí, R., Velasco, T., Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, and Zurita, S.

Abstract

NASA's Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.

Published
2021

3. SuperCam Calibration Targets:Design and Development

Author

Manrique, J. A., Lopez-Reyes, G., Cousin, A., Rull, F., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Madsen, M. B., Madariaga, J. M., Gasnault, O., Aramendia, J., Arana, G., Beck, P., Bernard, S., Bernardi, P., Bernt, M. H., Berrocal, A., Beyssac, O., Cais, P., Castro, C., Castro, K., Clegg, S. M., Cloutis, E., Dromart, G., Drouet, C., Dubois, B., Escribano, D., Fabre, C., Fernandez, A., Forni, O., Garcia-Baonza, V., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Madsen, S., Mateo-Marti, E., Medina, J., Meslin, P. -Y., Montagnac, G., Moral, A., Moros, J., Ollila, A. M., Ortega, C., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Reess, J. M., Robinson, S., Rodriguez, J., Saiz, J., Sanz-Arranz, J. A., Sard, I., Sautter, V., Sobron, P., Toplis, M., Veneranda, M., Manrique, J. A., Lopez-Reyes, G., Cousin, A., Rull, F., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Madsen, M. B., Madariaga, J. M., Gasnault, O., Aramendia, J., Arana, G., Beck, P., Bernard, S., Bernardi, P., Bernt, M. H., Berrocal, A., Beyssac, O., Cais, P., Castro, C., Castro, K., Clegg, S. M., Cloutis, E., Dromart, G., Drouet, C., Dubois, B., Escribano, D., Fabre, C., Fernandez, A., Forni, O., Garcia-Baonza, V., Gontijo, I., Johnson, J., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Madsen, S., Mateo-Marti, E., Medina, J., Meslin, P. -Y., Montagnac, G., Moral, A., Moros, J., Ollila, A. M., Ortega, C., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Reess, J. M., Robinson, S., Rodriguez, J., Saiz, J., Sanz-Arranz, J. A., Sard, I., Sautter, V., Sobron, P., Toplis, M., and Veneranda, M.

Abstract

SuperCam is a highly integrated remote-sensing instrumental suite for NASA's Mars 2020 mission. It consists of a co-aligned combination of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), Visible and Infrared Spectroscopy (VISIR), together with sound recording (MIC) and high-magnification imaging techniques (RMI). They provide information on the mineralogy, geochemistry and mineral context around the Perseverance Rover. The calibration of this complex suite is a major challenge. Not only does each technique require its own standards or references, their combination also introduces new requirements to obtain optimal scientific output. Elemental composition, molecular vibrational features, fluorescence, morphology and texture provide a full picture of the sample with spectral information that needs to be co-aligned, correlated, and individually calibrated. The resulting hardware includes different kinds of targets, each one covering different needs of the instrument. Standards for imaging calibration, geological samples for mineral identification and chemometric calculations or spectral references to calibrate and evaluate the health of the instrument, are all included in the SuperCam Calibration Target (SCCT). The system also includes a specifically designed assembly in which the samples are mounted. This hardware allows the targets to survive the harsh environmental conditions of the launch, cruise, landing and operation on Mars during the whole mission. Here we summarize the design, development, integration, verification and functional testing of the SCCT. This work includes some key results obtained to verify the scientific outcome of the SuperCam system.

Published
2020

4. Ess target performance for different beam pulses

Author

Sordo Balbín, Fernando, Domingo Lozano, Salvador, Perlado Martín, José Manuel, Sard, I., Fernandez, A., Bilbao, A., Zarraoa Garmendia, A., Gallmeier, F.X., and Ferguson, P.D.

Subjects
Ingeniería Industrial
Abstract

Last trends in the design of linear accelerators for high power spallation sources point to the use of ion beams of larger energies and shorter pulse lengths in order to enhance the reliability of the system. In this sense the recommendations for ESS are to increase the energy of the proton beam from 1.3GeV to 2-2.5GeV and to reduce the length of the beam pulse from 2ms to 1-1.5ms, keeping the source average power at 5MW. Different values for the repetition rate are also being discussed (16 2/3, 20, 25 Hz). ESS Bilbao is analyzing the impact of these modifications on the design of the target system. In this paper the effects of the different beam energies on the target disc thermohydraulics and the neutron performance of the source are discussed. Initial calculations were performed for a rotating target with ESS 2002 parameters. During the development of the work –that are being performed in collaboration with SNS– the decision was made to use the SNS-STS Target-Moderator-Reflector Assembly (TMRA) –slightly modified to accommodate the target design being studied for ESS– which presents a state of the art design with a cylindrical liquid para-hydrogen moderator in wing configuration aimed to enhance cold neutron production

Published
2010

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